..

~&~

.....

;GATEWAY TO ARABIC
Book Two
DrD Imran Hamza Alawiye
~or "·jf-~-:;:;,~~Iner learners of Arabic who have mastered the basics of reading and writing

Gender
AU nouns in Arabic are either masculine or feminine, no matter whether they are humans, animals or objects, Unlike in English, there is no word for 'it' in Arabic, All nouns are referred to as 'he' Or 'she', The following words, which are all to do with school, are divided into two lists, one of masculine words and the other of feminine words. Read the two lists out loud, What do you notice about the feminine words?

Feminine

Masculine

a blackboard

a book

",.,,,0 ...

a table

an exercise book

~,..

a stapler

~L.~ .
~ ....

.-)

....

a pen

,
~

'I.i __...

r-U

a pencil
sharpener

~\f.

OJJ"

a desk

an eraser (rubber)

chair

a ruler

a box

.'

.~'.-.......
..:

-,

...

'!,It,...

a bag

.1. •• ~.,_

..

...

..

'"

....

scissors

..

a ball

a computer

Did you notice how all the feminine words end in taa marbuta? Nearly all Arabic words that end with toa mornuto are feminine.

t. (il,~~

:13 )

IE;urell.el:
$;!A <;oj! tQno;!I.:;'»'f
~'''''~\

Ibil' oo;:w{) ""'1:11;10<; ~

""'1;>'1.,., Iw.;> ~_

ooc~'c

"""""rlIaI' tI>tr~ """

~ __ ~ ,-

_'>-

This is .

II

o-l.:b ,
form)
This is (masculine

..

'"",t.

~U

This is (feminine

form)

Make sure you learn tr,~'

correct spe;ik~pi

\~

is pronounced

as ~f ,t were written

with an alit:

~
F

,~ lXl
• ..~ '"

L~~
»:

~
I ;
I

,.

o J....a:, IS pronounced

os ~fit were written with an a!lf:

o~ ~

o~
...

~~~ J

I
!

In Arabic, when we want to say 'this is' foHowed by a noun, the word we use for 'this is' wil1change_ depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine .

(~
o~
"',..

.,Jl

is used before a masculine

noun.

e,g,

is used before a feminine noun,

e,g,

'I.i ....""
i

OJ ~

w\::.5'" \~ . '" . ....

0

Ihls is a book,

.~.....,o o~ ,.. ,..,..

This is a ruler,

-------------------~--------------.~-.Exercise 2: Complete
the sentences below

--._
to match the gender of the;

by adding

\~

or

o~

tollowlnq noun,
~ ~

This is a blockooord
.--

This is a computer.
."

y ~l>-

This is a pen,

10

This is a oencu sharpener.

This Jsa ball,

______

_l_l_

This is a ruler.

Th~sis a pair of scissors.

12

This is a box.

This is a chair.

~_? ---..
0

J.

13

This is a desk,

'"

This is a table.

14

This is a bag. Th is is a n exercise

....
7

This is an eraser,

__

15 ._-_._-

book.

This is a book.

16

This is a stapler,
...

:i ..

--------------------------------~~~-~
Exercise 3: Copy the words from page 3 into your exercise book,

'Ins

adding

the correct

Arccic

t(,r',~ :Y

is' before

each

word.

Exercise 4: Choose the correct sentence from the llst on the right to copy under each picture,
Pay careful attention to the moscunne and feminine forms of 'Thisis'.

.. .. ·_-----_·_---1 _·_·_ _
8
..._.. . ---1

L-

____J

----

._ ...

_. -----

--

..

_.

-----_._--_. -~
"

~.. -s::.., "~

Q..;l ..)\
,...

o~
~ ...

."

~ ,p

-----_.

,---_.

..

.._-----_ ... _-

~_? .. ..
VI" ~~

_i.

\~

,9.

~L...:w \~ •
o

c;iJ1

,..._.

o....lJb

."

11
.. ---

........ ~.,-

~""

....... ..,._

0.;6 ...-4 o~
I

_..

Vl .... ,

_,

......

rU \~

12
__ .. __ . . __j

------------L__ ~ _

6
___I

Adjectives
In Arabic, adjectives (descrtblnq words) come after the nouns they describe. When the noun is masculine, the odjectlve wWolso be masculine. Likewise, when the noun is feminine, the adjective wil1also be feminine. Adjectives are written after the nouns they describe.

r---------------.~.- .
Feminine srnail

.. .
o~
~~.~. ..
,
.-}

large, big

short

.. o

. .r.. a~

..
...
, ~...-.::. ~:--;."".r

tall, long

light

heavy

.""

old

e-

1,oQ-_·~
;

:-a-' "..):

open

a..~ I._.. -

r:

closed

Exercise 5:

Translate the phrases below into Arabic, Make sure the colectives they describe,

.I..----~------~-- ,.", ....

agree with ir> ;",

1. A heavy book.

----,_

..

_---_.

2. An open door.

3. A new sofa,

4. A light bag.

5. An

ore

radio,

.----~----

-. --- .. _._. __ .- .._....... -

6. A tall candle.

j
It ISwritten as part of the word that it links,
\l2.

a door and a window

.!.\~ J

;;:;JI,_.

'And' is not affected by gender.

- ~(},',,~jSe 6;~"octSi:.:' reading the tollowr J sentences and make sure you can understand them,

-'1
~

l
"
-'IPI"I;". .~ ~.~

. :a..: -,~ -.: ';.....-:::r.,;r

"'.

ep-"; ~L~ o~!

_.,.

'Ii .~

oJJ/

.,...!

.:; " ~L....w ohQ 3

.r « •

..~ ,

,pt ..

'"

"

.../

_-------'I

L ~ o~ ~_oU s LL _i;..

" _ ,,,_ ,

. _ ,., _ ,

,_,!'e~',:-1~/::::

7:
"--'.'

:~O~!OWing
.. --

the pattern of the examples above, write a description for each picture below in ,;\robk: on the line provided,
,

_-_

_--_
I I ~:J

.. _ ..

-------~------------------------,
,

,', "..-.i.:..... ..-'1- .....". " .... :... .

'1'1--·,-,15 an old lock

~

.~
....... -

._ .... -

--"

---_ .._-------_._ ... _-------

I
3_1 7

Asking Questions
"
~
"

and

...

i, which

are written ot the beginning

.pi,... ...

of a sentence, are two ways of asking qL.~es"~onsS)'."~'

as 'Is this,.. ?' in Arabic, e.q: ls this a pen? Note how

"

~~

L .. i.Ai

,...

~,,;

or
0

~~

Ih ~

...

_.

"

r'

i becomes

part of the tollowmq word. but

".-

is written separately,
'PO' ir ,

In order to answer this type of question, we need to learn the words for 'yes' and Yes =

:;f,~:ir; :: ~

/ :;

and no

= '):.

Note also the shape of the question mark in Arabic:

"o_))"-..A
_.

oli .»

• ".

"

o~
"'"

,~

._._-----

---

-,-_.

.-.... - - .. --

_.-

-.-.

__ _
..

....

_..

----

Isthis a ruler? Yes, this is a ruler

ISthis a pen? No, this IS a key.

• Oo().....N

..

F"

.,-

:.

Is this a candle? Yes. this ISa conote.

js

r----------------------------------------------------------------~----~~"-~ ,
;
(
f

'--------~------,--~-j

this a pair of sclssors? No. this is a stapler.

Exercise 8:

Copy the following words onto the line provldec:

._.__ 1
..

. L_

.~

~ I....-------------------------------------------------~----- .. ~ ..

__ ._-----_

....

_8

.--

EiMft:ilHi '9: Coxnp!&'1!! 'ifle j (>iI\.J<!(> 'fW

pcio.

01 QlI!lSilo!1!!. ood! _.

00I0w ... ~.

jIri{j

E~

,-Ibo

~~f"~
1I'~
(l

U.;, ~ ,
P9"'''

§ODg

.F~"- 4: ~" ...

'ii'_.

'J!L..

"

~,,,L;,

,"J

'~'

,~~~~,~
'(<l!..

r.I!!!" ~

!"JO<OO_

"~.~ ?,!)

-~

.... _

Ib.

-,~

... ~r

'to!B.~li';illli~~"_·tlooo!<.

What is this? y~
means 'What?' in Arabic. To ask 'What Is this?' you follow It with

oil

What Is this? (masculine)

~,~G . '" Yo.u

"" ~

A cat

A lion

What is this? (feminine)

'"

Exercise 10:

.O...Uta

..

",..

FolJowing the pattern of the two examples on the left, write an appropriate question on each of the first lines provided, followed by the correct answers underneath . Remember to pay careful attention 10 the masc uline and fer;ninlne forms.

An owl

Abee

A dog

A bea r

'--' ,:)

c: •

10

Exercise 10 (continued)

A tortoise

A crocodile

An elephant

12

11

10

1------

.._-_.-

.,p.,.

A worm

.. s O~J~
16

~'"

A camel

A frog

.. ' . ~J4~
0

A fish

'"
~

15

14

13

oJ

..-0

~,.. ,..,..

0~
.".
;0 ,..

4j\Jj

A snake

A rabbit

~_)1

A giraffe

An ant

4.L._j
17

... 0

"

~ ,.

20

..

__

19

18

..

.-~~~-----I

11

lines and Shapes

A rectangle

A triangle

A circle

A square

A heart

A star

'IJl,.,

'"

_.

A crescent

A diamond

o
$ A pyramid A cube A hexagon An ovot __ 0 .....

lSJL~ .. .... ..

~-

Aeone

A prism

A cylinder

A sphere

A spiral

A curve

Astra ight line

A wavy line

12

Or

,.! ~'one
,I

~
.....

r-,II.-O
.,_

of two words used in Arabic to mean 'or', ft is used when offering a choice options

between

.-'-

...'~'--~.--~-----------....,

.~.~~
\$

'l,i -"

i!I

_,

...

-------

---

.~.

'l.lZ

0,....

L.~

_.

..-

trus a circle or a star?

Th is is 'a sta r,

Is this a triang1e or 0 heart? This is a heart,

Exercise 11: -.
--

Following the pattern of the exornoles above, write a suitable ouesnor in each box on the first two !ines provided, followed by the correct answer underneath,
.'

:~

/ /.:i,~", "';
,/!~

".......

.... -.~.' /'

" ..... ' i

- -----

--------l

._,.~_~

-----,

I
:

--------rJ
-,

'.

_--_._"
~'

~', .

6
~

-_._---_

... _----------=-1

/'
~:'
"

-,
./

.....~t:)------------ .. ------7 3

'"'--<.,--~-~~"------------____.
,

,._-----------------------.

-LJ
/"'
.',/
......

" _. ,~_.-...-J __
.--.,~--.~ __J

_.~.u~~'~

_,

"......
/

...... "'"
"._./

/'

o
13

4
~

--

w--

.::_--~

-';.

That is

I.

,.:, ~ ,"" ~.-~=

",,r-

'"

Ihotis (feminine form):

i ... ~ I~

,...

,..

-------~---Make sure you

~8'yr'

.... --"".-,~ .

That 1S (masculine form):

~~

co rrec+ spe i i n'''~:':

.,'

~'~<~

,...

,?

~~

is pronounced

as if it were written with an olit:

, .......... . __ ....... ...-...J-

In Arabic, when we want to say 'that is' followed by a noun, the word we use for 't"a~ .s: wlI! ':-f':!t':O"? depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine,

::..u1
,...0

Is used before a masculine noun.

e.q

J~::..u)
~.0 ,....0

That 1$ crescent. C

.~

is used before a feminine noun,

e,g,

That is a star

~------

"'O_'~~'

..

Some more cclectives

for you to leorn
\

~ ~vi(J ~":·c· .fast

~,... .- VI .... 0.-'
.-'
<;).-' ~

,~:
_~Io"

_...,.,',
......; .

. 4t . :b! oli>J_.. ~
~

C:!r Jl,a;- \~
~ ~

-'

l!l...

.»

....

This is a fast horse, and that ISa slow tortoise,

slow

>H:I

... .....~~~
.,.'
'

~,,:It

..

'(i

fat

',.......
i;_,.J
'. ~ .

-'-""

,
f
{

thin

straight
}ll.~ ,",0.9. ..'

crooked This js a fat snake, and that is a thIn snake,

~I
00

.-

;_-'

'l$ "

~~\~!
~~

Jii-

~\'<;

....

narrow

high

low ThIS is a wide ruler, and that ls a narrow ruler,

14

Write a suitable sentence under each picture on the lines provided using the correct forms of 'This'ls' and 'That IS', as well as the correct forms of adjectives, An example has been done for you.

ExerCise 12:

This is a short giraffe and that is a tall giraffe.

Th,S G fat lion and that is a thtn lion, '-',._-----------------_
1$

.....
~..':'C

,,~..
<' ~
,

..

'l:~

I Q.~

.~./

"01 , .J\
•.F'

,~

.'

~;. ,
i

~ ..~ ~ . .t.~\"': Q ~
_;,.
~,

.. o

.....

~--

.. ,,~;),

',~ .:...

~j
J

\ oJ'

':\\, ~ ... ~

,1-1:0

.so big butterflY end that is a smali butrertlv,

This is a fast ostrlch and that is a slow elephant. 6

2

I Ihls ls on open door and that ISa closed window, 7

This is a long worm and that is a short worm,

Til;S is a b~g box and that IS a smo: box,

_._1

ThiSis an open lock and that is a long key,

8
-----_.-_
..

15

The Definite Article: The

Do you remember your sun and moon letters and how they are affected when '01' (the Aroblc wOf(:i f;y 'the') comes before them? You may wish to check pages 61 and 62 of 'Gateway to Aroblc: BooK.()ne' (Starter Book) to refresh your memory, ln short, the rules are as follows

J\
The

joins onto the word it defines,

I in JIIS

a weak letter. Therefore it is always silent (Le, not pronounced)

unless it occurs at tr.e

beginning When

of a sentence,
by a word begmning with a moon letter, then it is written w~th a SU'<U<l C~'

J\ is followed the loam: J\ ,

o ~

When

J\ is followed

by 0 word beginning

with a sun letter, then the loam is written wfthouT a

Sl",ktJ~

and it becomes silent (not pronounced), The sun letter after

The word defined by

J~takes a shoddo
?

JI loses its tonween

~

__

, Instead, the lost ietter of the word will take e;'~he"

fatho. kasra or damma:

__

There ~s one more pomt to note. Although there is no verb 'to be' in the present tense in Arat<: Cam', 'are' and 'is'), it must be added when translat!ng Arcbic into EnglJshfor tr-c sentence or phrase to make sense, See below for exampies.

~-------------------------~~.----~-~ I v. / "~
.~
~
'0.', ..... 1.,.

~--' ......

A short pen,

...

"':"t

6~

~.i~ _.

This pen is short,

The house is smell.

i
i
l

A narrow window,

. 4i;~ ojjWI

~~

';l',...

J...

"$J

•~

o...lA
t........ __ ..... ' _ ...

This window is narrow

16

..

~ ~

~,

~""
I~ ~

D(N

INQlo<: 'iNMn hl;lf,ef~I:l~

..

J~ ~'~ '"
..

_"'1i

~i.r,l

11'19 WDf)jl beo::OiTi!M ~iJI'Of'

~i..,.JL ...

~ -.

• Pt;lis"-

tI\EI<:r,:iP'~e

1fftffi 10>e' 01 OI'Ill'1e,;gl'l1 MAl '10il'oe~'

~.-

;:; • .d"~

,,~.
'., "
!;:rP ~

..
~-

~Jd)

'~~'r
~jjj

~.,

. ~rb~. ,'

~I'I!jIuIa:! Ii'~MQoj;iii\S ''''''~ ~"Ai~

.,

"""",1_

17

Do you understand

what the people are saying in the pictures below?

Occupations

doctor (rn.)
.;,:2 .....

e:

. ~,;A-"

l.?' . ~..l>.. ~

...

/
0

/'

doctor (t J

nurse (1.)

teacher

(rn.)

.)~ r
,l! ~... "';

...

.~\j

Ih

".

...

teacher (f,)

butcher (rn.)

baker (m)

policeman

; ~~

.
;.. _ f

0.)"0<-'"'1
'bA .'~ .,

.....__---------,/
18

Pronouns ;:-,e pronouns r

and

-"

..

are used
...

tc refer to objects as weI! as people,

~....
. This is a train, It is a long troln.

4: ~

.-

rl . ~
,...).

..

~a I·_"I
j
I

""0"

~ .. > d

This is a car. It is a smon COL

~I

.. I

..

Exercise 14: FollowIng the pattern of the two examples provldeo. select one word from each column
in the table above, working from ilght to left, to make ten of your own pairs of sentences, and write them out on the lines below,

-----------.---

_. __ .. _

____

-----'-10

19

Singular Attached Pronouns

Certcln letters can be added to the end of nouns to show to whom the noun belongs. These letter:;; :]re known as attached pronouns, The singular attached pronouns are shown below. We wW look at the others forms (dual and plural) later in the series.

C£)
.~o~

my This IS my cat. your (rnosc.)

This is your (m.) cat. your (fem.)
;...

..

This is my book.
/ _"

"..

·SGs .......
-

Thisis your

em.)

-book, •

.~

~L:S

Thisis your (f.) cat. Thisis his cat, Thisjs her cat.

•~
/.

0
..

'"

Th~sis your (f.) book

his, Its

." ~

.,.J.../b

.-

This is h!s boo k,

her, its

Ihis is her book,

\ J.../!:.

"

The Family

r-----------------~.~~-"-'1 . fomily son or.... ~ "

..,9: ... ...:..

,...

1St '"

daughter brother sister friend (m) friend (f)

..__

LI •

nome husband

'c:->
I,L.-~ .,' ;...,'

~.

c~

wife father mother

iJ"...~.;\. .. ,'.... :

.OT

L\
Exercise 15:

... ,_.~,·<! w

Make sentences saying "This IS rnv ..." using each of the people in the vocabulary above. Pay attention to the masculine and feminine forms of "Thisis".
:::'.....

box
~., .,-

e.g. This is my husband,

. .~. J).--;_~)'WI ' "" ~

... -

____

7
8 9 10
/!

20

Colours
.,:l.s with other adjectives, colours in Arabic have masculine and feminine forms. When a noun is masculine. P'""'8 corou describing it will also be masculine, Likewise, when a noun is feminine, the cotour describing it e'/ii also be feminine.

Colours In their masculine form

fed
.~"A _

Colours In their feminine form

red black blue

block
'.
.~: _.

blue

-.'.

!'~··t·

green

white

vellcw

green

white

yellow

Ji

.... D

....

JI.,..&i,..O

~..~.~~

·_u_;_J_j_i_~_l_~_:J_'_\_\~_·_~~I

i-·-·---------------------,
I

I
1
i

r-;

! L-__

~~

21

Fruitand Vegetables

A pmeopple

A water-melon

A banana

A peach

An orange

An apple

Grapes

An onion

A carrot

A strawberry

A lemon

A mushroom

Sweetcorn

A cucumber

A lettuce

."t '"

.:lJ ..

.. .

• .Y-!_)

Y, 0 '"

An olive

A potato

A tomato

An aubergine

22

Some Items of clothing

o sock y)~ a shirt

a headscarf

trousers

a shoe

a cap

a coat
pyjamas

a watch

a dress

a belt

a skirt

Some Forms of Transport

.,. ....

A bicycle

1)~

$I

I'

A bus

A cor

A plane

A train

A IOffY

23

Rainbow

EiIIlI3ro1~

~.o[~
18""""'"

_.

{ilIiOI.j45.Df>1M

cDl:oi.Jl~ cr llit> t<H"tOO", ~. UIli1Q rfi:J!>:uInIl ~ I.Jfi 11OO!1QI 000IiI'! <:I<:>r1o lot ~oo

CIA

in.. igIlI <It>!I

h",rcl~

~7:

T~IIJ Iil'D r~~:.<!<!r-om [MI!o<> 00f>f; fOt ~

nil:>

/IoruI><;.IlI'J

li'M> ~

~'1«1

Iii(> !",t ~

I'I(WQ

"W'~).

.....•

.1'.

f'" ._
.~~

~li
.,ir.

"V;"~f ~)~I

Prepositions
i3·en8 aHy soeoklnq. nouns In the singular form cornlnq immediately (JT:-S; p;·epositions such as those on the right will end with a kosro.
f

Some boslc prepositions

in. at

.. .. ·--·---------------------------1 --

a bridge

under, below

on. over. above a squirrel

./ 0 ....

between

in front of

T:~;8 car

is on tho bridge. The lion and the squirrel are in the car.

_j

behind

Exercise 18:

Study the picture above carefully, then wrlte sentences below in Arabic on the lines provided to describe the position and colour of each ball.
e,g. The brown ball is on the brown chaff.

..

_-_

_-------

___

25

:i

Some items of clothing

!
i

, ~Y~A
~

,"

o sock

YJy.

~~~

a shift

~}.

a headscarf

trousers

t .'

..)
I

...",. .j..,

. "I~~

a shoe

a cap

-:J
p

.r

~I I

-4_.;:t

.,-..2.

,.,.

a coat
PYjamas

':-~

.:-;>

~..A.A

._..,

I
!

l.~____::._~ _
a belt

a watch

a dress
_,______j

.-------

-----_--

.-~-- .. ,-.--.-- . ~----.--.--~ .... --, ,

.,9. ...':;'.'

a skirt

Where Is... ?
Exercise 19;

~~t

.... c .....

means 'Where i$ .. ,7' in [ngltsh.

...... _..,_.-.....--._-~~~
,

study the picture on the right carefully, then answer the four questions below on the lines provided,

~
.~_

~,;
_

0
__

I •..
...
~_~_~

_..

JI

'"~

Co *

:;. ,~~

)I '"

~J
+_

--v_

...

.-

26

Exercise 20·: Study

I...... --...~-::I .. ,_,..,.. ~ __ -----------------

the three pictures cnretullv, then write a descrlptlon in Arabic of what you see in each picture. Remembe~ to use the colours and prepositions you have learnt,

..

_-_ .._.-._._---_._---------

..

__ .._--

-------

- ....

_-_

.. _-------

J
~

- --_. _.-

_._-----------

r~~-----------------'------__----_L'-'-----------------------~, ~
2
--------------------

_-

._----------

--_ .. --_ ..

_- _._---_ .. _--_ ... _. -

---_ ... _.

..

..

..

__ ._-

~ ~

----, ..._ ........ ........... --._---------------_---I

;""

------------

--------

'".-.-~------

--------------3
-------

.-

..

._-_._---_

....

-_

..

......

--_

.._ ..

__ .. _

-_ .. _.__ ._------

... -~--,

...

----.-.---~-------------___.

27

~l

.,,;.~ ~,U

".:.,_ ~....:.,. 'u')~l (

.~J

(:v.

'r>~'
,t#l
1~.t.~1
h ..... ~,

~!,.h

Who is

I•J

?
•
I

20 far, we hO\/8 leo rnt how to ask 'What ~s",? using the word
o ..-

Y L.o

_..

To ask 'IN'r~ols ._,?I vve use the word

.., 0

~~

'A/ha ;3 tr-rJt'; (masculine)

~ ~~

.r"

'"

Who is this? {masculine)

1 h

/'

j4
,...

'"

.,

.,

.. ~

-.

,.= ~ OJ

,_- "j- -, ",+.; : I I......... ii

·'f i·. -....

e~,..urun '~)'
., ,

.........

Who is this? (feminine)

oh .r"

...

Exerctse· 22: Folio\tJi~g the examples above, wrtte appropriate questions and answers on the Hnes

-~

.... .....__ .... ,....

~ ........

orovidea
..... _'~.':._~

..

--~~~----------4

next to each of the pictures below,

-_._-_

..

_-

_._-

_..

...

._._--

r............,---------------------r
~

I ___~-------L

29

Dialogue 1
vocobutorv •
'i.-.

Lord

""

Altoh

The Creator
.1,9I~

Prophet

Religion Islam

Enemy
Satan (Shay tan)
-~ -:- .. _ l
"

.~.;
..

......,~~J.

. .~ ,Ld!;

.= .:;
ir

Teacher: Hasan: Teacher: Hasan: Teacher: Hasan;

Who is your lord? My Lord is Alloh. Who is the Creator?

..,. j

..

.,
~ »: ~
l)

,..

,,_,.____""""'"
l
I

i ~i~.A.\~

"

Allah is the Creator. Who is your Prophet? Muhammad (may the blessing and peace of Allah be upon hlrn.)

~ W\

Ji:.i

-:

Teacher: Hasan: Teacher: Hasan:

What is your rengion? My rehgion is Islam, Who is your enemy? My enemy is Satan,

..

: ~J.Jt.A..J \

::_-j ,

.;, I'

. 0\,6..;_~;j ~ \
30

.... c~

~j/

j J>.

, .-~~y----.~... ~--.---------------.,

.... ----------------------,
D~rection of prayer

..".~ 0

Towards (preposition)

The Ka'bah

Noble Makka~1
Enlightened ~Ylosque Modinah

AI-Aqsa (Name of the third most Important mosque in Islam)

Jeruso.em Palestine

r . ~ ...

:.

:'-..' , 1., . ....'·":h.lf'!~'! • - / ~.. . ..... :!w.. •• ~ ._..Ii I

j,;::
~:...J

towords
1

the Ka 'bah.

VV~e{e is the Ka'bah?

~-..:

: -. : ..........
I ~ .~"""

,1- •

~:-!rv~akkah

ol-Mukorrornoh.

..

.
...

: ~\

~ .... Jio

~ -: jl

~~

t -.

tl

....... .r: J,.:<

in Palestine,

31

Family and Friends

.,............ ........II:I':'P"I":':....:-r-r--.........,
1

Vocabulary
i have

. ~ ~ \.j \ &-4-+..., \ ,~~ __ ;_

..........

)0

oJ:

jI

1 ,}

...

,.'

..

hospltoi school prettv. beautiful Jalal

..C},..

.....

_.4~~i -....> ._
...

;;s: t
j!

f.

,
I

Khalid
; j

~~

.~

...;I

lt~,
_.. ~ ,

t
if'

;}

from

Exercise 23:

~---~----------------------------.-----

Translate the following passage into Arabic on the lines provlced example above to help you,

below, usi;:g 4-he

.. ---.

I
!
...

I My
j
l__

name IS vosrnm 1 have a brother. His name is Jolol, My father is tall and thin, His name is KhaHd and he is a teacher in rny school, My mother (she) is a nurse in the hospital. She is a short and beoutitu: woman, Her nome is I have a friend. Her name is Fatima,
~ --•. ~. ,, __ .~ __ .."--._-,_.

--_._ .._--_ .... _--_

:
LO'/L.J,
t ! 1
__

.....

...

....

_...

.....

__

.....

_--_

..

----------------------------_..

...

_._ .. _----_ ...

.._-------_....

.....

..

__

...

_-------_

..

_--_._.

__

_ ..

1--------

.-

-----

_ __ ...--- _
.. ..

....

-_ .._._-_.-

... - ...

·i

. __ ..

_---_._.-

...

----------------_._-----------

_ _. ---_. __
....

...

I i
1

i
I------.~.,-------------

----_._

....

. -_. --. _ ... _.

__ - -_
.

... _

_ .. _-- ..... _. - ... --

. - ..... __ .

c---' ..

-.. _-_.-

._--- .. _-

..

_--_

...

..

_---_._--_

.. _ ...

__

...

_----_._._-_._--_

....

·····-f

------

--.,.-

~~~

--

----------_.-

..

_
.......

...

...

_-----

-------~

... ,-

-.... _ .

-------------_

_ .._

_....

,
i
!

..

_-------

_ ..

_--_--

-~-~-~--.

..

_---_.

__

._._._.....

...

.----

.. -.--..

i ~ ~ .-!1
I

1----------_

..

-----_

.....

------------

---------

...

__ .... -_ ... _._. ~

;

.......... -.....---------------------------------~~-_____,__..,-y.--.... ~
32

My ItOOm
vocobulorv
. .,,:;l
.:
"

~':;)

.. ::=

....

..
.'

..

~.'

.-~. :::-:., -.-~

-....::~.>....:.: :

....

/0 j.

..

.;.y:E:?:'}'j;~f;:"j,:',.,\·J~Ji>:;}' ,
:."':"'::"':.:-': ~~~~':. .... -:·~""t;.;1.' " ~: . -: >~./.~
...• '. " " . ~ ....,' I' ..... :",'-'

.'

:--

"v '

'{i00cen

'~ Qdj .)

..

•
_..

;iong;n,-;< I, ."
!':;:1

vl

,;.,.......

~ ~/;:

y~l>j

'~f
,0 ...-'./

;. ~'lit· ~ . u
r',~
'.

no-orr ..\
.• -.. 1 .~).,) I

v:
~

.. "" ..

')'~'
",..
0

~.
.p. ... -0
.j.

jl

~,,~

~~

~~.....

~l;Jj ~\.j
.......... 0 .....

C.1~JJ ,~~

""

.....

jI ...

.0

'I.i

~~J

.... 0

'"

·y,.') '-?_.,..:. _r
t-. 'LT :._"

~d "n r ,.:::::,
'L._ ;j~...... L
_.. ......

r-~
J

O·

Exercise 24:
L-........~~

Translate the description of the bedroom

into EngHsh on the llnes below.
... __ ~ __ •

.---~~.-.

-.~- -_ .. ....

-------------_

..

_ ......

_--

--_

....

_. -------------

-_ ... _----

._----_._---

...

_---------------

!
[

L_~_.. .~~ _

.._.. ~~ __

---------.-----------.,I

33

Exercise 25:

Look carefully at the plcture below, Use the lines to wrIte a description in t><~'ut,i,-', Of what you se.e in the olcture

-----~
,'" ..

._.",.

-_._--_. _ .._---_ .... _--

_.

"

~ ..

',

:o-.:-;.~.:~.~\".~ " ..~._

./ .~:.',>.II" .· " .. .:...:....~: ....: ..
.....

"

"

"

------.~-------.-------

Exercise 26:

Have a go of describing your own bedroom in Arabic! Don't forget to use adjectives, jnc~udingcolours, that you have teornt .

SG;~

<:~ r_~~~:.{...

.__ .... -

--_._--

----------_.-

... -

_.

------------------------------_

...

34

Ports of the Body

:eo~nt at the begin njng of this book that almost aH nouns ending in toa marbuta are feminine, r-:O'db·iE:;: some feminine nouns do not end in taa marbuta, What is more, a few Arabic nouns can be ... ~Ither ;''I''·'oscl.:i1ne or temmlnel
\'V€7
r

Femintne Nouns
Ij.iI. _..... 0

Masculine Nouns
."st
.;)

.,.

,.'

o~ __.
,S!.
/

.to

....

eye

body
~3;

head face

Y
I

lJ,~
"

ear

J~~
•

..

• .c

chest

~.

~
: ' (]("(J .:

....

~ .........

J..,; ~
~

lip

.. ..
~ ~

stomach

nose cheek

i ...

J·~J
i
f

tooth
~

.~
...
...
....
~".,

arm

VI ......

.J..! \
~
-...I

tongue

~LJ

shoulder
...

mouth

v:. .....q s
~~ ~

_,jl"...,

forehead

..

elbow
~.-

tongue

~ ~ _._-

Note t(~c~'me ny (though not aU) of the parts of :'r:8 t>~Y.1V mot occur 1npairs are feminine.
.. ,~"""" __ "",,,

wrist
_.r

.;,

......4~ .

chin
...

E)(erClSe 27:
':~ .. :.) y' .~';;; :~' " .[ "'i-:1 j 0~:.)\i'/\ng phrases

thumb

neck

into Arabic, Make '~',,:t:. ~~':t,} G(~:.'-9(::i"'·8S agree ... with the nouns, You '···-·QV Ch0C·_>~ whether to treat tongue and arm as 1"···.. :rlS(':i._nine 01' feminine nouns,
: . A .,. !C~,I""";('i ':;;l'

finger

back

toce ...........

___

yo

•••

11, A long neck. 12, _A long tongue,

--_

....

_-_

...

') A ",").( : ,._.-'."_ 'd..

:"'ead , ' .

'~ ).nI '''''\Jn~ ;~"jP'. ......J" ..... T _,"

I I .........

13. A straig ht bac k. 14. A broad chest, 15, A fat stomach,

J_I .

" So'

f"-

'.- ~:.I! l ~~i , ,

.'j. ,.'\ ~'L(J ::p.

8, p, \~'hi:~:; ooth t
C
•

18, A thin finger. 19. A short leg, 20. A big foot,

.............

r. ':::r'·'"";ali rnoutn
I I. I
'1..1 ~

.L

'l :"'J . r..:~

J L

n,""

...... 'I

'TO;';" ,"'" . y-.~........

hln
1.

___

._._ .... _--_.

..

.....

35

Number: The Dual

There are three cafegorles of number in Arabic, So for, aU the nouns we have- learned hC\/8 t-:;d-30 .r-': :r:ei;· singular form, The pluraf form starts from three In Arabic, For now, we ore gomg tc learn the (~;.~a! Tc·~'·n, whic~ is used when talking about two of something.
0,.,-

The basic dual form IS made by adding the endings

0\
,.

or ~
....

to a sinqulor noun,

You will learn later In the series when to use each of these two duo! endings,
1i "...

For example,

'--'~

..

\0

book', can be made into 'two books' by adding

i.e.

. Feminine nouns follow the same rules;

Note how the final

~

.. 0

in feminine words changes into an open taa

0,.,. '"

.:; or

as In

4_~~-,,;'

.... ~

..

"' .. L;-:.~:--(J-"JJ~ before

_"

the dual endings are added.

Exercise 28:

Turn the fOllowing singular nouns lntocuol

nouns by ad.ding the dual endings.

r-----------~------------~--------------~------------~----~----~~~~~~~ i
0/

Dual ~

Duat

~\

Singular
VI

Dual

c"...

c=
*- ~

Dual

~\

Slngu!ar
V

_..

e:

- -- - -----t--------- .-.

... ---.-.~.-.. .. . ..

----_

1---------_

.. _....-

-.. -

... .
,II

...---------t----------- -... -

,~~ ~ ... - -- ._-,

~---------+-------

.. .. A _-_ -~~~---1-----...

~4

...

.,;,......'

:,~"" .'.

......

: ....~

----t------ ---.....-...-. ....

J
- ...

~~
1'--.----. -...-. . -- -... .. - - .. ---.-----1--

~~ =-----'=--=------+-----.;.,..

_..

! I·

--_._._--

--- - -

_.....

....~

.:.-~. f J ·"".r..J ~

--_ ... ----+-------... _

.~ .-..n.----EJ)-----. _u_ ,_.---------t----------+--1fl._..

,_q

,.
\ -r""

~~~

.-..

-'\.: __ + __ ------1----

.. ,..a._.... ~
'"

",i,.

~L>- -----1-----------+-------.,,11: ,..

...I • t

.- .......

~~.

'----

.. ----,)-~--f-----

'--' .. L::- ~ .:....:,,~

'

36

Dual Demonstrative Pronouns

These two are, those two are.
OJ

So far, we have come across the tollowlno demonstrative

.... 0 "'....

pronouns: this is (rnosc.). this Is (tern.).

"" '" ,..

that is (mosc.) and that ~s(tern.):

~~

oh , 'h

which are used when referring

to

sfn.gulcH nouns, \Vhen referring to two objects or people. these words must take the following dual forms:
c

Dual
(Those

;",..i .....

.~

.r

i DuaJ 0\ t
I

0 .....

,.

Singular
(That isl m.& t.)

Dual

~ ,...

rNO

are)

(Those two are)

.-"

(These two are)

... (These two are)

Dual

0\

Singular
(This is,m.& f.)

r
~
.

....

---_._------

~!....~~
_,
r:

:~./

I
,
--- ...- .. -

~\~
F

....

:~JJ~
,
0
",.

--- r-

_~_ ..._:..~J....A
,..
0/

0.......... ~

"" "" 0~_~_ ..

'"

_.-

\}A -~ .....

--.....----

f,

I. .---.0----

... ~ .--

...-

&\J
r'

.~,-.

....

...

........

...

~.-J~

.....

~l;~_
""
, ,

'"

.....

..

-- ._--

o~
.... ....

Exercise 29;

Complete the table below, following the example of the first four lines,

Duaf

01
_..

Singular
(This Is/That Is)

(These/Those two are)

-_ .

..

..

, 0~
.,

..- ~ ..... ;.

lJ~~
F

"" ~
...

,-~
oVZ ..... ~ ..... ,J
-

\~
..

. _ ..

....

-_._

. 0~ __ .-----_.
......
,r

~.'

~./
---

JJ_\jLA -- - ",.

.... ..-

_ ....

~ • --

o~ - .._.
,.-"

~ '"

.-

...

_- ----- ._ .... •

JL. L, ~\~

'" ~'" A ~-....'3..-

jl

-'"

",.

...
..,.,._ .......

./

~~ ~ ~ ..... y.
/

. f--.--- ... .. - .-.. ---.-~-.

~ ~

~,~
/'" .

"

...
0-

-_._... _-..

"..

~\j
,F

.....
_. _.
.._ .

~ .....
--.....

•~
~

.,

-_ ..

__

..""
F

... _._.

__

...

__ ... -_ ... _

... _.

--- ..

..

---_._--

--

.(~~

(~
..

r-

.,JI .....
...

._

---

---

..

- _.

..

._ ..

~ ~~ .... ~

......

.. o J..;b
F

----

.-

._--

- .. - -~ ... .....

_ ..

'"
'"

".

,..

~~

~~
.....

._ ....

~,r

'"

....

.~

----------

'

...

-_ ..

._---

....

.-

~-W?~_
....

...

37

Dual Adjectives
We have already

learnt that adjectives

have to agree
-li....

with the nouns they describe in terrns 0! \f;f··!ethf_;;i"

'lfI
~

they are mascuUne or feminine, e,g.

0...J'"!-'_~
~

....

W,

f..,

__. ~

<"

.,sI

C: ,.,

C._,___j
M~

An adjective describing a noun in the dual form must also take the same dual ending as th:.7 describes, e.o. two big houses:

:-10;.11' :~

two small cats:

Note that for ternininc colours ending in - e.q. one white ruler: two white rulers:

~\

in the singular. the homza changes into a

\r the du~:

Exercise 30:

Translate the Eng!ish first into the singular Aroblc torrn, and then into the two dual in the table bstow, The first one has been done for you,

fOrfY';$

of ~t·'8

Dual
0...

....

,j!.
".

Dual
"""
,r'/

0'
•

Singular
~ -"" ~

~~~

yJJJ

. _.u ~ ......--..... -...J - ...w \Jj' _

~ -,.._. -

A thin _----=:.--+--+_._- ._-_.

oJ

JJ ~
h'

boy ,_...." ._

- .. ._..-_._._ _ ..._... _ .... .._._

A smS!_j.i __gl~(.. _

.__

-----+---------------t--~----------.~

...-~

An open door fast train __A_------_ _

.....

------_

-----_

..... _, ,...,.

.. ...

- .-... _...

I
.

I
~ ~

..

1------------+-----_._-----_.

---

.+---1

A +h'!n . __

(f " nurse --,)_-..

------i~
~

II

A n eYf. bo Y. _._._.8 .._black pen A red car

._ _._. __ .

..1

---+---_._------_

..

----1
... __..... .__ _

I
"

j
J

.. .- - .--. - -.-. --..-_ --.. ... ..-.~ .,.~~. -.-.-"-~--------___t_--

...----

------

A_ 9 f eE!_~; _0; q r-:1~~:.~.

.. .. -.--t,

,------.

+--

.._._ ._

.--1----------

A sio~_:t_()r!o:£;s

j
j
j

38

N~
we 0U"4a ~u;~ln.
As
and m~ ~
~

The Plural
n-ermo."1ed
~&

;Of ~.u1af}

me

briefly, the plural in Arabfc sound (or regular) masculine

starts from the number three. There are three plurol, the sound (or regular) feminine plural.

plural.

1he~~
ihe~!f!.t~
~'C!."~~

Plural
·f"!"-~n:~ti~nEf pIura! fs relotivelv easy to learn, As far os nouns are concerned. the sound masculine ~ be- U::ed for mole human belnos. on the whole, It can also be used to form many odlectlves.

or ~
Muslim (men):

to the singular noun.

patient

MusHm (men):

and when to use

Lr.-

wi1l be given loter in the series.

The new words below can all take the sound masculine ono D-'e'r· t:y trfe exefc~se at the beginning of the next page,
~ ~~"'!..~~'i:-i.:.r..Ir""""""""'_··

Vocabulary:

plural endings,

Please learn them.

~ ~
f.

-------..,.-----11011-.------- ..... -,.-------_---._.....~. ~

11 :":" 0 ........... J! A

I " "" ",,~ ~~

~ r-:lf"---\ .....~'.;.(; ,...,.,

Nouns Nouns ~-~~~... ~.~------~I---...._._"..----------+-----------I

farmer, peasant

j\djectives

~L:~
"i

!.J ~

bell'ever
I

_4 ~

Lo

UJ

icmei8SS

~
~
~

cook. chef
~

t~
~ ...

Muslim
.~ ~ .. jl -

;-J t
L

.pi

.-.,

...
truth
I ........

barber

. 1. v~. "J\.>-

rnuezzin

0~y
'J,i ~..,

f,': :,1.,.4:

pilot

butcher

\:.>JJ.

sailor

baker

1·("·n-~(-, I(_
~I '. ) .~ ...

radio/TV presenter

grocer

policeman

toller

driver ..chauffeur

teacher

~--~~.~=-~----------~----------------------------------------------------~
39

Number: The Plural

Exercise 31 : Ironslota
form, and then into the ~··WGf;J:<-'s of ti·~e sound moscullne plural in the table below, The first one has been done for yell
the Engllsh first into the singular Arabic

r-------------------~------------------~--------------~----~~--~~~~~
Plural Plural Singular
...'J,.9; ~
0 _;

__ ~_~.
....
1----....

~----:iy.__---+--A_ pious believer .. _

'"
..
-t--A._"

I
_fa_m_,9_~sP!6S'f:i~ '-----

--+-

--+- ... .-----" _._

I
1
~ ~ ~ ~

t------------+-------.-.--.-.,,~--+-------".---+

A careless borber

... - ----.. ... ~ i

~
•• _, _: ~'~ •• : II~ •••

I'-------------+--------------+----

-------+----'I-

k ~r!·r"1 t~,·~:.··· ;-.::;:,. A h a rd-wor __ -~'_ ..

I
I~ ••

.,...___._._,

... _ .....

---+----

_ __ .. .... _.

I
t

f.

A deceltfu_i_ g,-Y:8'

.... __ . __ ... _-------

___.

-+--A __t.r_uthfu! policerno n

_._-------

---------+----_._-_.

-.~~..

---------_

An unknown

SOi!Of__ .._. - _._--_._-----

1:---

.---.--.

- ---t---------···----------If----·

---

... ~

A busy butc her_ ... _ A truthful rJiu81~~

..-1

!
~

.,..__-----------+------

.--. ----.-----i---------.--.

........ -··-·--··1 ~
.J

The S.ound Feminine Plural

The sound feminine plural is clso easy to learn. Ii IS used for nouns which have no sound r.;OSC-!,.:fTG c~urc: or broken olurol. whether they are ternoie human beings, cnrnols, inanimate objects or obstroc7 nouns However, a sound remm.ne plural noun 1susually foUowed by an adjectrve in the feminine singular, unless the noun is a human being. in which case the adjective will take a feminIne pluro' form.
'Ii

The sound feminine plural is made by adding

~....

u\

_.-

or

u'
v: ,.-

to the singular noun,

0 ~

e.q A Muslim (woman):

~.....

.t.o._L.._.o

::J

jI

Mus~im (women):

Vt__.. .LL~ or ~

w~

....

c.

;;

patient (tern., odl.):

'I.iI.....

o_r;~
,. ~ _.. ~

,_J

patient Muslim (women):

...
,JI....

A new frldge:

o~~

~'YU

new fridges:
').Ii: ,.

0~ ~

"..

~ ~ 'J0

...:;:;.---

or

~t:·-~

~
\

...

~.':

An explonotlon

of when to use

0\

and when to use

w\

wHIbe given later in the series.

40

Number: The Plural

The Bra ken P1 ural
-'·~~8t;roke,-~ Of

irregular plurat ~sone of the more challenging areas of fearning Arabic, The plurals of some './vorOs t("1u! are s!mj~ar in structure may follow a common pottern, and the student will learn to recognise >"'S'se experience. For now. It 's best if you learn each plural olonqslde its singular form, The plurals of most cr the irregular nouns and odlectlves you have learned so far in this book are given below along Vv lth tro-9=r singular,
·~~'!-;-~'I
I

-----------'--~------~------~----------~------------------------------------~------~ I '
P~ural
! i i

Singular

Plural

i Singular
,

Plural

Singular

r., 'r'l...... ~...-..j (- .. :

......'L..!~•. '-I ...........:! ~ ..-::: I,

.....

stomachs
girls

fathers

sons
'--

.e

} .: liciss
;
~ ~ ~

houses

..

~ ....

thumbs

bears

..

apples crocodiles snakes foreheads

brothers

: 8xe!('+~:~~ bOOkS i
i

sisters
ears
!
~ ....r'

rabbits

~\.Jl
.r"

i ~ ..... i ~J1
.

0 ...

j -, ~h: ns ~
~
t

walls ... bridges

nons
famiHes

: ·-~e:.:~Cr.~
,

j~1
oVI

camels socks
...
~ "..:vi \: =-3S
•
i) ,. ~

_,

names

Y)_r':-

fingers

. (JJ
_.~

scarves shoes
belts

women mothers

~kj\ ,~

J~)_r-H

noses
.,!il

...

horses

doors

._)L. .

....

bags
cheeks

...

parrots
oranges

41

~----------------------------~----------~--------+---------+------------------------.~~ feet elbows ~Llii ~..u lips 0\;....': fA:;;' I

ji
J

Pfural

Singular

PI.ural
~ ...

,._._ ..~.-"l .. _,.

Singular
,Jl,.-

P!urCi
'J.'il: _...

S~!!"J·.: (F
;/
J.

I
t

~.....

...

.J

;;: ...

'~~'. .

mosques
rulers

monkeys

ships
devils

..

4.:WA,...,'<I
1.~

\
;

troms cats

~'jG4-:'" !
II':' :

0··.

lamps

rockets
,

, ,~~
~ ..E-"./ -

L.....,;I ~

wrists

...~r 1~.
A

I:..·· ",
1 ,., ....,.,_.,.,:.'I

hearts

cbests
j

~I .... i

~ ~.,._.,._, P
".'

"

,_jI:

.r

coats
keys
scissors desks cubes

pens

,;_\j~~\

....
"ra-'

: .... ~·_-·l~
'"T

)I

,...' ...

shuts

boxes
frogs

Ioa. ...

.~~~

~~'~~\

....

=:-0

...
,'_'

!
,

0t:.a~ ,

...

books

.~ c~,_.i..,.;, I
!
r

shoulders
choirs
~
(}

doctors
backs
~

.....
0/

stars
'l$

'"

dogs
J'

......... enemies -C

phones
pvromlds

~\....b

.,Ji

tongues
colours

Ow
....

.~::"

,-'}r.

rooms

,;.;_-~ ",,",. ~
.I

?: e ,.-

!
~ ~

. Y.

;-

~}

necks
"~

',_._.-

~~!.
'"

faces

triangles

J~
~''''-:

;.:.

r i
F

.~

~
. .. ~.

.,"~i ~ ~
-,.Q. -'

~ .....

-'

boys hands
:

mirrors

mouths
!
'Ill!

;~Ii
' t

,
:

squares

~--------~--------~--------~----------~--------~--------._------------------------------.
~
.~ r

\.:..A.~+J ..J

,...;:;i .... J!
_A

":'.'r.

elephants

:.., J......,_ !
I ~!
,

Broken Plurals of Adlecrlves:

These are usually used for describing male human beings. Uss
plural

,~O~;H'j

feminine singular adjectives plural ternole humans.

to describe

objects, and sound feminine plural adjectives to

des(:!~~)8

Examples
Tall boys
...

r---~----......,...--------r----~---~------~------~."""""'_"""'''''''-'~~
r

Tall girls

Plural Singular F)I'Lj'r"'! Singular ..v' I Pfuraj I-----+-------+-------+-----.....__-------t---------~--,- .. ._-. i '\:II tal! small: J~
...

.....

.u

Long pens

fat
~

new

snort

)L-~;',i'

long rulers
.... ....

thin
~ ~i

J~

.-

fast
~ ~ -----__ --~~

bfg

----------------J ~

...

42

P t;:;~::J Demonstrative Pronouns

across the singular and dual demonstrative pronouns, We are now going to learn '<>.":' ~'C''jse demonstrative pronouns to refer to plural nouns, You need to follow different rules depending -', '. '/o">e'i';':8r vou are referring to objects/items, or people.

~'..-' ::>

W<:_~ 0C1vecome

'~, ~:'iernonsrrotlve
""':", :~;""IQtj!();

pronou ns with objects

.. _... ..... 0

t:::::rrw"~ine emonstrative d

pronouns

.o.....lA. and

are used when referring to plural

;-i(j'i-hun1C,j ~tem$I no matter whether they are masculine or femjn~ne,

; _..

Th ese are sooo ns

~~
~

')l.a.
,... ,...

h
,... G

.....

These are pens

Those are giraffes

. uL;\Jj ~

Those are rabbits

}, l)emonstratlve pronouns with people

,',::-<_<ai dornonstrative
';:,.

pronouns are used when referring to humans in the plural,

~ o'T<:"<1;-5

'~"~':, J!, .

"Inese ore" and is used both for masculine and feminine people,

.I'

.J

~, moons "Those are" and is also used both for masculine and feminine people,
~

~ul;_; ~

..... ,,:rQ ~
'"
_..;

.~~

... _...,...

~)'
".

These are boys Those a re boys

1Si

~.:>
'11-

':}O ~ "J.9t- ,...

J~'" jlb
_...

~~))tGWJl
..-

rO"...

...;.

.~w,~~~~ ..
, <,:: ('",

These are doctors (m.)

;

.;~~T~~~
'" '"
;. ~..-.fl"..

.'

, •. -).

:.. ...:. r;:'-,

r: -r-

. ;':."":'"

rr,

a ....... ,t..of I) h c·... '\

',_,,: I ~~;::,.

,st

,...~...-

~..,

...

.U~~j'
'"

Those are teachers (rn.)

.CJ~

~J1
...

...

,;

"-'---'-"-~'--------r----------"'-------~-------------------, f
~

Dual

Singular

Summary: ThIs Is••. /These are ..,

Masculine object(s)

t ,=----~----------r------------+_-----------_4---------------------~
,
j

~~y~r o~
~J./?,...

...

-'

...

Feminine object(s) Masculine person/people

to

l.

. -... ~

Feminine person/people --'-----_

__J

.. ._. _ ....... __-........._=----)-.

.........__

43

Study the rules governing demonstrative pronouns on the previous pages coretullv Ther; copy out each word from the box at the bottom of the page under the correct heading In the tobie below, There are fourteen appropriate words for each column heading. Your mission is to find themi

Exercise 32:

~-----_""'-------"""+-------------____"'---1r-------_"",_----~-"~.. ~~.~
i f
j
~

",.

1
j,

1----------------

... --.~ .-.I-.~-.". -

~------

.~,

--- - _. ..

--

...

_-_.

..

._-

.~

..

0~
.;_

..

_.

. ...

---_

... _ ..... _ .... _---- .._-

..-·-····4

~ . ~

31
1
-----"-~---.--.--.- ------~--... ----1--------_._ .. ---.-.-------.- -.

41

I
,

---_._

..

_-

...---~.-.-~-+--------.---

... -.-.. -.-------.

, -..- . ...

----_

..

_--_._

.... _ .._- ._.

··_·---1
..

5J

....

_._--------_

... - ..-

-------------_._------_.

__ _
..

----.--"

--_._.-----.1-----------------+--

. - . - _.

.-

....

--.-

f..---.- ..-.

". -.-

•••

----------,

i
c-.
.J

i
j
.

--+--------------

-----+------------------_

.. .. __ _---_ ...

"inl

•i

I ,-'

..
--_. ... __ ------. --------I:-----~--

---------_._

.. _ ..

-_ ..... __ .. _-

._-

-----.--~.-"'.

~..

--------

._---------_

... _._---_ .....

l 1~.
• t...r" ~

~ Ii·-1· ~ -,
--~--.+---..j

'---------------____.--------------__.__--------------,.--~

--------------___....--------------------,_---~--....,___--.'
.pi

...
........

~L . .
"P:,...

"..

~jI

£.

,...

CI

.Jl

0~
,... ,A ....

...
....
--'.."'

-li

.,

". .)I ~-

.~-:

~;:~

~\)~
~
:iJ .....

~ ....~. ~~ ~

.:-

J~

.,_Q

...

~;,e .. J,._...=-=
0.-

4....:_&
\J1 ...- 0

...

.. ...

Q .JJ

....

""

~,.? ..
~ V!! ....,!l

.)~
)

~~~I
~ ~
J

s J ... ...

!
£.
I

I i

_r-

- 0. ....

....

-Vi! ....

r~
"

~
Q_:)~""

~~J

...

~~~ . ,

.............

___

,
./ /

44

~~_~~Ii¥~
i;Iogb""JIHhI>~~ I~"

~1·~hQ\Ie~aiQ~rOfffi!..~
LO~l!;I!;:Mn~l1lllQ:l~r>i"lClhE!m

iI1!!booi':._WI

"..-

..w..~.J' end ~J"....L., ""i3~~IAArQ!X:ooc_

C~r !he'

....

...
OO"i-Plr bv
2 3
<'!
fill ~

"em,

~.:,

y-oo ~~ ~I~

.'

ide!l._ 0

M<lI1'I

~~"

i>-b-~ i, - "'

:,,_,._,~
!
'1""
;;Ii

li)rtTo>"nd.Di",~

.)G~ ,:,lCj~
,~,

Dh\I<tll"",

'~Gs

~"""'1I·iQ""I>';MT~"iP'~bQI1l:·

~")J
riII ..

~.. ,do ,

,,:....~

~)
t

..

' ti,]1

6
(l i.'-" ~, .... -~"""' .. ~~.. ,.-_, ,.... .

..

ill;

~'

.~ .

~
Q

.,:1.':''''' ~~.' ~~ ",-.(,," ~', y,_

I~-~"" ...""",,,,
'7
!)l

~ ~~
,~

~;

~ ~

!;

"

~--W y.'
~ ~ ..
'~'

cr:
JW ~ ~

'f

90... ",r
~

retm 01
..".j".;:]Tj

uMtd ..... I'IeA re:rertin(l mollhe ~'I\Jr"" O'! ni.J!!.,t!Bn! i! ~ ~~ ~nQ\)J'i11 Tho~ _1;lo3·,n i!>9!!~1'cr1l!.
fOul'l1bo!tl, [l

i!rlO i"'a~~'·~'l:iff13

"~g.r.-.g' coo
~

~tgr/I 11}~n ~

11;1 ~~

~ ~

, ~

.. .

~ Iho;Ir IJ100 ~~ '0' ~~}n(;

reiarOfiQ let
Qf"1l

W!II

~Q

;?

"',

'I.
"

1....."I:<;I"""o(II'I.tI>Q~<l'iQll'T'Q.

Exercise 33: Complete the tobie below uSing the correct masculine and feminfne word nurt<?,rs.
r---------~I----------;----.......---------------·-·,I

- Fe.m~

Mosc,

feml

Masc.
i
1

-.. ... ~.--~ --.---~

A
--

1.

--:-',~

,,-.

.:._

--~-

-----_.

__

... ,.-.~-.-.-

I
, ,

i ~ ~------------_.------------------~------------------~~------~.----~~

.J_.

._-------

Exercise 34: Count the number of items in each picture and write a phrase in Arabic to describe
you see following the pattern of the example provided,

\Nf"lO:

Make sure you match ·the c;~:r,-e~~t

number forms to the nouns,

/////

"""~"
3

____ lJ t __Y.J~ J.~ ~. ~ ~------~--------------.~

,..,.....; /

~..

»: ./

.---------------~~
~~~~

.
i

"~~

..___-------------,--

-_.__. _._.... .._ ..... ... ! ._ _ _

~

7' r

46

i~-~~~··~

Nurilbefs in Use

·lIi;S~'P9 ~

ond meir number of rnk'ohs

"fne [){Tnn Prayer.

tHO

rok'ohs

-~neAfternoon Prayer: four rokohs The Sunset Prayer: three rok'ohs "r'""~-p~ ."B. ,l~ f't-]
-··'fn i8ye!,
:..JUt.. ra k' a h s

":i ,_.,:., ~ ..

~ ,. ~

L.---_. _.... ._.~_ ._-_.-

-------......1

---.-.~-------~---~-------

vocobulorv

Days of the week

Sunday
Monday

.- c·:::: :

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

r-- ....: c:-( ::: ...._:-. :::v

i ..• .-.,

:;_;j

Friday
~ t

, ry..
'))l 0...

!
I

Saturday

La __*....Jl > ~
"

o ;J:j

_..

\ _J'"

47

N.ationcUties and Countries

We have created you all out of a mole and a female, and have made you into nations and Tr:t)8s. so that you might come to know one another, Verily. the noblest of you in the sight of God is the one who lsmost deeply conscious of Him, (Suraf al-Huiutot, ayah 13)
l__

r---........._-----------------------,

------_--------

r-------------'----------Ph ..
... -- __ .~

...... __

,~-I -.----.~ ....

Where are you from?

- Where are you (m.) from? Afghan~$tan
Pakistan Bangladesh

Selected Countries
0l:...........i\;Jf
.J" _.. .;)",. Saudi Arabia "':.-.i
~, ~ ......
."':.J

-I am from Jordan,

,I! a,.....'..J 1 i

~
!
;

I am Jordanian. Malaysia
,. ,.. c.....
0-

~~lo ... ..
4.! ' ~J
~

Jordan

- Where !sshe from?

~~~1

Indonesia Niger,a

"

"- i,

j.J

l'

Emfrotes Qatar Oman Egypt Yemen

- She is from Pakistan,

She is Pakistani.

o~ ~

~~,

.~~;
j
.,' ;0

." , .... ~

~ WL-; _SL. ~. Jb ....

~ ~

.,,~

....o

,.

J'

..

Senegal Kenya

J G.~... . ...J.~

j'~~1
_,r~!
"

....
e

~ .I
~~
I

Exercise 35:
1,

tronslote the following sentences into Arabic in your exercise books,

lnoio
Britain

~~

v
t

.:~~~1i
.. J
....
:

.~ t l

:1 I.'l

Where is he from? He tS from Iraq. He is lroq! Where is she from? 1 She is from Syria. She is Syrian.

Y~

....... l

.r. .

.-"

~,

.-

~
-,

Paiestine
Syria

L...... '

--...r.:r_~
:• .....a..

"
I

England 2,
Scotland lrelono Americo Canada Australia

;; Xl
;...LJ)1
... ~.,..c!

Lebanon
,.
»

3,

Is she British? Yes, she is British.

Is he Nigerian?, No, he is Somalian. Are you (m,) from Bangladesh? No, I'm from India, I am Indian. Are you (f,) Polestlnlori? NO '~m from Jordan, I am Jordanian.
f

4,

~;t

...

Sudan
Alqerio Morocco
Tunisia

'..... I ~... -:.4-""_ .J

. ' '. t .....

.. ; .

5.

6,

'!f.

...

China Japan

~l

"soma!!a
/ __.o ....

7,

Where are you (f.) from? j am from Egypt. l am Egyptian, Where are you (rn.) from? I am from Pak'stan. J am Pakistani.

0l:L:J1
~

Turkey

8.

France

~.ri~fon
0 ...... .---

.'

----------~-------~--.--.---...

...

48