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CCNA1 - Chapter 4 Reading Guide

CCNA1 Exploration v4.0
OSI Transport Layer

Section

Question

Answer

4.1.1 4.1.1.3 4.1.2

4.1.2.2 4.1.3

4.1.4

What are the 4 primary responsibilities of the Transport Layer? What does the Transport Layer header provide? Describe the process of segmentation and reassembly? How does the Transport Layer accomplish conversation multiplexing? What are the four additional duties the Transport Layer can provide? What are the four processes that the Transport Layer uses to control conversations? What does reliability mean to a network? What are the three basic operations of reliability at the transport layer? What trade-off is necessary to ensure reliability? How is a best-effort protocol different than a reliable protocol? What is another term used to describe a best-effort protocol? List some examples of applications that require reliable transmission. Give an example of an application that can use unreliable transmission. What are the two most common protocols at the Transport Layer? What is the advantage of using UDP? What are the pieces of UDP information called? What are some applications that use UDP? What are the 3 additional functions that TCP offers? How much overhead is required to offer the 3 functions of TCP?
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4.1.5.1

4.1.5.2

4.1.5.3 4.1.6.1

4.2.1

What are the pieces of TCP information called? What are some applications that use TCP? What are the unique identifiers that define the conversations called? In the originating message what is the source port? In the originating message what is the destination port? How do server processes have port numbers assigned? How do clients have port numbers assigned? What is another term sometimes used instead of port number? For this course, what does a socket pair describe? What organization is responsible for assigning port numbers? What is the range of Well Known Ports? What are well known ports? What is the range of Registered Ports? What are registered ports? What is the range for Dynamic or Private Ports? What are dynamic or private ports? Is it possible for a port number to be used by both TCP and UDP? What is the utility that can be used to view open connections? What are the two reasons data is divided into pieces before it is sent? What is provided in a UDP header? What is provided in a TCP header? In which protocol do segments arrive in an unspecified order? What makes TCP a reliable protocol? What do acknowledgements do? What happens if the acknowledgment does not arrive in the predetermined time?
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4.2.2

4.2.3

4.2.4

4.2.4.2

4.2.4.3

4.2.5

4.3.1

4.3.2

What is the additional overhead created in the hosts by using TCP? Which device initiates the communication process? What can never happen in two server conversations? Describe the steps in establishing a three way handshake. What are the three steps in TCP connection establishment? What are the six control bit fields possible and what do they mean? What is the Initial Sequence Number (ISN)? What happens to the ISN as packets are sent? What is sent back to the client in step 2? What is the value of the acknowledgement number field? Explain what is meant by 2 oneway sessions exist in TCP? What is the final step in the threeway hand shake? What are 3 ways in which security can be added? What must be sent to close a TCP session? What are the 4 exchanges needed to close a TCP conversation? How does TCP reassemble packets into the original data file? How are sequence numbers incremented? What does the receiving process do with the TCP segment? Where do the reassemble segments go? What happens when all the segments do not arrive? What is the relationship between sequence and acknowledgement numbers work? What is the process TCP uses with sequence and acknowledgement numbers called? What does TCP do to overcome the overhead of waiting for
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4.3.3

4.3.4.1

4.3.4.2

4.4.1

4.4.2

4.4.3

acknowledgements? What is the name for the amount of data that can be sent before an acknowledgement is received called? How does TCP handle missing segments? What do hosts implement today to improve the TCP process? How does flow control assist the reliability of TCP transmissions? What does window size specify? How does TCP use window size to improve communication? What happens to window size when network resources are constrained? What happens after periods of transmission with no data losses or constrained resources? Which do you think occurs with window size on the school network when a major update occurs district wide? A. smaller B. larger According to the first 2 paragraphs, what is the major advantage of using UDP? What are the key Application layer protocols that use UDP includes? Why do the processes above use UDP? What is UDP also referred to as? How are segments put back in order if the application requires a specific order? How are TCP and UDP similar? What happens to port numbers in a response from the server?

CCNA1 - Ch 4 Reading Guide: Page 4 of 4