Problem 15.

4 The beam consists of material with

modulus of elasticity E = 14x10
6
psi and is subjected
to couples M = 150, 000 inlb at its ends. (a) What is
the resulting radius of curvature of the neutral axis? (b)
Determine the maximum tensile stress due to bending?
Solution:
The moment of inertia for the cross-section is:
I =
r
4
4
=
(2in)
4
4
= 12.57in
4
(a) Using Equation (15-10) to determine the magnitude of the radius
of curvature:
1

=
M
EI
=
150, 000 inlb
(1410
6
lb/in
2
)(12.57 in
4
)
= 8.52410
4
in
1
ANS: = 1173.2 in = 97.7 ft
Using Equation (15-12) to determine the applied moment:

MAX
=
My
MAX
I
=
(150, 000 inlb)(2in)
12.57 in
4
ANS:
MAX
= 23.9ksi
Problem 15.5 The material of the beam in Prob-
lem 15.4 will safely support a tensile or compressive
stress of 30, 000 psi. Based on this criterion, what is the
largest couple M to which the beam can be subjected?
Solution:
Using Equation (15-12) to determine the applied moment:

MAX
=
My
MAX
I
M =

MAX
I
y
MAX
=
(30, 000 lb/in
2
)(12.57 in
4
)
2 in
ANS: M = 188, 550 inlb
Problem 15.6 The material of the beam in Prob-
lem 15.4 will safely support a tensile or compressive
stress of 30, 000 psi. If the beam has a hollow circular
cross-section, with 2-in. outer radius and 1-in. inner
radius, what is the largest couple M to which the beam
can be subjected?
Solution:
The moment of inertia for the cross-section is:
I =

4
(r
4
o
r
4
i
) =

4
_
(2 in)
4
(1 in)
4
_
= 11.78 in
4
Using Equation (15-12) to determine the applied moment:

MAX
=
My
MAX
I
M =

MAX
I
y
MAX
=
(30, 000 lb/in
2
)(11.78 in
4
)
2 in
ANS: M = 176, 700 inlb
Problem 15.7 Suppose that the beam in Example 15-
1 is made of a brittle material that will safely support
a tensile stress of 20 MPa or a compressive stress of
50 MPa. What is the largest couple M to which the
beam can be subjected?
Solution: From the solution to Example 15-1, we know that:
I = 1.85x10
6
m
4
and
y = 0.0475 m
from the top of the cross-section.
Using the maximumtensile stress in Equation (15-12) to determine the
allowable moment:

MAX
=
My
MAX
I
M =

MAX
I
y
MAX
=
(2010
6
N/m
2
)(1.8510
6
m
4
)
0.08 m0.0475 m
M = 1138 Nm
Using the maximum compressive stress in Equation (15-12) to deter-
mine the allowable moment:

MAX
=
My
MAX
I
M =

MAX
I
y
MAX
=
(5010
6
N/m
2
)(1.8510
6
m
4
)
0.0475 m
M = 1947 Nm
We realize that the bar will fail if either of the calculated moments
is exceeded, so the maximum allowable moment must be the smaller
moment.
ANS: M = 1138 Nm
Problem15.8 What is the maximumtensile stress due
to bending in the beamin Example 15-2, and where does
it occur?
Solution:
Summing moments about point B to determine the reaction at point
A:
M
B
=
_
1
2
(w
0
)(L)
_ _
L
3
_
Ay(L) Ay = w
0
L/6 By = w
0
L/3
The bending moment is maximum where the shear force equals zero.
Summing vertical forces on an arbitrary length of the left-hand portion
of the beam:
Fy = 0 =
w
0
L
6

_
1
2
w
0
L
x
_
(x)
ANS: x = 0.577L at the bottom of the cross-section
Summing moments on the free-body diagram at x = 0.577L:
M =
_
w
0
L
6
_
(0.577L)+
_
1
2
_
w
0
L
_
(0.577L) (0.577L)
_ _
0.577L
3
_
M = w
0
L
2
(0.064)
Using Equation (15-12) to determine the bending stress:
(
T
)
MAX
=
My
I
=
0.064w
0
L
2
(h/2)
(h(h)
3
/12)
ANS: (
T
)
MAX
= 0.384w
0
L
2
h
3
Free Body Diagram:
Problem 15.9 The beam consists of material that
will safely support a tensile or compressive stress of
350 MPa. Based on this criterion, determine the largest
force F the beam will safely support if it has the cross
section (a); if it has the cross section (b). (The two cross
sections have approximately the same area.)
Solution:
The moment of inertia of the cross-section in case (a) is:
Ia =
bh
3
12
=
(0.0233 m)(0.060 m)
3
12
= 4.19410
7
m
4
The moment of inertia for the cross-section in case (b) is:
I
b
=
(0.050 m)(0.060 m)
3
12
2
_
(0.020 m) (0.040 m)
4
12
_
= 6.8710
7
m
4
Summing moments about point B to nd the reaction at point A:
M
B
= 0 = F(0.6 m) Ay(1.6 m) Ay = 0.375F
Maximumbending moment occurs at the point where the concentrated
load is applied, so we calculate maximum bending stresses 1.0 m to
the right of point A. Maximum bending moment is:
M
MAX
= (0.375F)(1.0 m) = 0.375F Nm
For cross-section (a):
35010
6
N/m
2
=
(0.375F)(0.03 m)
4.19410
7
m
4
ANS: F = 13.05 kN
For cross-section (b):
35010
6
N/m
2
=
(0.375F)(0.03 m)
6.8710
7
m
4
ANS: F = 21.4 kN
Free Body Diagram:
Problem 15.10 If the beam in Problem 15.9 is sub-
jected to a force F = 6 kN, what is the maximum ten-
sile stress due to bending at the cross section midway
between the beams supports in cases (a) and (b)?
Solution:
The moment of inertia of the cross-section in case (a) is:
Ia =
bh
3
12
=
(0.0233 m)(0.060 m)
3
12
= 4.19410
7
m
4
The moment of inertia for the cross-section in case (b) is:
I
b
=
(0.050 m)(0.060 m)
3
12
2
_
(0.020 m) (0.040 m)
4
12
_
= 6.8710
7
m
4
Summing moments about point B to nd the reaction at point A:
M
B
= 0 = (6, 000 N)(0.6 m) Ay(1.6 m) Ay = 2250 N
The bending moment at the midpoint of the beam is:
M = (2250 N)(0.8 m) = 1800 Nm
In case (a), the maximum bending stress is:
(a)
MAX
=
(1800 Nm)(0.03 m)
4.19410
7
m
4
ANS: (a)
MAX
= 128.8 MPa
In case (b), the maximum bending stress is:
(
b
)
MAX
=
(1800 Nm)(0.03 m)
6.8710
7
m
4
ANS: (
b
)
MAX
= 78.6 MPa
Free Body Diagram:
Problem 15.12 The beam is subjected to a uniformly
distributed load w
0
= 300 lb/in. Determine the max-
imum tensile stress due to bending at x = 20 in if the
beamhas the cross section (a); if it has the cross (b). (The
two cross-sections have approximately the same area.)
Free Body Diagram:
Solution:
The moments of inertia for the cross-sections in the two cases are:
Ia =
(4.47 in)(4.47 in)
3
12
= 33.27 in
4
I
b
=
(6 in)(6 in)
3
12

(4 in)(4 in)
3
12
= 86.67 in
4
Equilbiruim to nd Ay + By
Free Body Diagram:
M
B
= 0 = Ay(85) 25, 500(42.5)
ANS: Ay = 12, 500 N
Summing moments about the cut through the beam at x = 20 in:
M = (12, 750 lb)(20 in) (6, 000 lb)(10 in) = 195, 000 inlb
We see that the maximum tensile occurs at the bottom of each cross-
section.
In case (a), the maximum tensile stress is:
(
T
)
MAX
=
(195, 000 inlb) (4.47 in/2)
33.27 in
4
ANS: (
T
)
MAX
= 13.1 ksi at the bottom of the cross-section
In case (b), the maximum tensile stress is:
(
T
)
MAX
=
(195, 000 inlb)(3in)
86.67 in
4
ANS: (
T
)
MAX
= 6.75 ksi at the bottom of the cross-section
Problem15.13 The beaminProblem15.12consists of
material that will safely support a tensile or compressive
stress of 30ksi. Based on this criterion, determine the
largest distributedloadw
0
(in lb/in) the beamwill safely
support if it has the cross section (a); if it has the cross
section (b).
Free Body Diagram:
Solution:
From the symmetry of the loading, we see that:
Ay = By = (85w
0
/2) lb
The bending moment is maximum at the point on the beam where the
shear stress is zero (the middle of the beam).
Fy = 0 = Ay w
0
x =
85w
0
2
w
0
x x = 42.5 in
The bending moment about a cut through the center of the beam is:
M =
_
w
0
(85in)
2
_ _
85 in
2
_
w
0
_
85 in
2
__
85 in
4
_
= 903.1w
0
[1]
To nd the maximum allowable bending moment in case (a), the max-
imum allowable normal stress is used.
30, 000lb/in
2
=
M (4.47 in/2)
33.27 in
4
M = 446, 577inlb [2]
Solving equations [1] and [2] together:
ANS w
0
= 494.5 lb/in
2
To nd the maximum allowable bending moment in case 9b0, the
maximum allowable normal stress is again used.
30, 000 lb/in
2
=
M (3 in)
86.67 in
4
M = 866, 700 inlb [3]
Solving equations [1] and [3] together:
ANS: w
0
= 960 lb/in
2
Problem 15.23 A beam with the cross section is sub-
lected to a shear force V = 8 kN. What is the shear
stress at the neutral axis (y

= 0)?
Solution: Using Equation (15-18) to determine the average shear
stress at the neutral axis:

AVG
=
3V
2A
=
3(8, 000 N)
2(0.04 m)(0.06 m)
ANS:
AVG
= 5 MPa
Problem 15.24 In Problem 15.23, determine the av-
erage shear (a) at y

= 0.01 m; (b) at y

= 0.02 m.
Solution:
(a) Using Equation (15-17) to determine the average stress at y

=
0.01 m:

AVG
=
6V
bh
3
_
_
h
2
_
2

_
y

_
2
_
=
6(8, 000 N)
(0.04 m)(0.06 m)
3
_
_
0.06 m
2
_
2
(0.01 m)
2
_
ANS:
AVG
= 4.44 MPa
(b) Using Equation (15-17) to determine the average stress at y

=
0.02 m:

AVG
=
6V
bh
3
_
_
h
2
_
2

_
y

_
2
_
=
6(8, 000 N)
(0.04 m)(0.06 m)
3
_
_
0.06 m
2
_
2
(0.02 m)
2
_
ANS:
AVG
= 2.78 MPa
Problem 15.25 In Example 15-5, consider the cross
section at x = 3 m. What is the average shear stress at
y

= 0.05 m.
Solution:
Summing moments about point B to determine Ay:

M
B
= 0 = [(6, 000 N/m)(8 m)] (4m)Ay(8m) Ay = 24, 000N
Cut the FBD where x = 3 m and draw the FBD.
Summing vertical forces to determine the shear force V :

Fy = 0 = 24, 000N(6, 000N/m)(3m)V V = 6, 000N

Using Equation (15-17) to determine the average stress at y

=
0.05 m:

AVG
=
6V
bh
3
_
_
h
2
_
2

_
y

_
2
_
=
6(6, 000 N)
(0.25 m)(0.25 m)
3
_
_
0.25 m
2
_
2
(0.05 m)
2
_
ANS:
AVG
= 121 kPa
Free Body Diagram:
Problem 15.28
Solve Problem 15.27 for the cross section at x = 80 in.
Free Body Diagram:
Solution:
Summing the moments about point Bto determine the reaction at point
A:

M
B
= 0 = [(1500 lb/in)(60 in)] (30in)Ay(120in) Ay = 22, 500lb
Draw the FBD at x = 80 in.
Summing the vertical forces to determine the shear force:

Fy = 0 = 22, 500lb(1, 500lb/in)(20in)+V V = 7, 500lb

(a) Using Equation (15-18) to determine the average shear stress at the
neutral axis:
=
3V
2A
=
3(7, 500 lb)
2(1 in)(4 in)
ANS:
AVG
= 2, 812.5 lb/in
2
(b) Using Equation (15-17) to determine the average stress at y

=
1.5 in:

AVG
=
6V
bh
3
_
_
h
2
_
2

_
y

_
2
_
=
6(7, 500 lb)
(1 in)(4 in)
3
_
_
4 in
2
_
2
(1.5 in)
2
_
ANS:
AVG
= 1, 230.46 lb/in
2
Problem 15.29 What is the maximum magnitude of
the average shear stress in the beam in Problem 15.27,
and where does it occur?
Free Body Diagram:
Solution:
Summing the moments about point Bto determine the reaction at point
A:

M
B
= 0 = [(1500 lb/in)(60 in)] (30in)Ay(120in) Ay = 22, 500lb By = 67, 500lb
We see that the maximum shear stress exists at x = 120 in.
ANS: V = 67, 500 lb
(a) Using Equation (15-18) to determine the average shear stress at the
neutral axis:
=
3V
2A
=
3(67, 500 lb)
2(1 in)(4 in)
ANS:
AVG
= 25, 312, 5 lb/in
2
= 25.3 kip/in
2
Problem 15.30 By integrating the stress distribution
given by Equation (15-17), conrm that the total force
exerted on the rectangular cross section by the shear
stress is equal to V .
Solution:
Starting with Equation (15-17) and integrating over the dimensions
h/2 to h/2:

AVG
=
6v
bh
3
_
h/2
h/2
_
h
2
2
= (y

)
2
_
dA
=
6v
bh
3
_
h/2
h/2
_
h
2
2
= (y

)
2
_
bdy
=
6vb
bh
3
_
h/2
h/2
_
h
2
2
= (y

)
2
_
dy
Doing the integration:

AVG
=
6v
h
3
__
h
2
y

4

(y

)
3
3
__
h/2
h/2

AVG
=
6v
h
3
__
h
3
8

h
3
24
_

_
h
3
4

h
3
24
__

AVG
=
6v
h
3
_
h
3
4

h
3
12
_
=
6v
h
3
_
h
3
6
_
ANS:
AVG
= V
Problem 15.35
The beamwhose cross section is shown consists of three
planks of wood glued together. At a given axial position
it is subjected to a shear force V = 2400 lb. What is the
average shear stress at the neutral axis y

= 0?
Solution:
Finding the centroid of the entire cross section (measuring from the
TOP):
y =
(2 in)(8 in)(4 in) + (2) [(2 in)(4 in)(7 in)]
(2 in)(8 in) + (2) [(2 in)(4 in)]
= 5.5 in
Calculating y

:
y

=
5.5 in
2
= 2.75 in
Calculating A

:
A

= (2 in)(5.5Inches) = 11 in
2
Calculating Q:
Q = (2.75 in)(11 in
2
) = 30.25 in
3
Calculating the moment of inertia:
I =
_
(2 in)(8 in)
3
12
+ (2 in)(8 in)(4 in 5.5 in)
2
_
+2
_
(4 in)(2 in)
3
12
+ (4 in)(2 in)(7 in 5.5 in)
2
_
= 162.7in
4
Now calculating the average shear stress:

AVG
=
V Q
bI
=
(2, 400 lb)(30.25 in
3
)
(2 in)(162.7 in
4
)
ANS:
AVG
= 223.1 lb/in
2
Problem 15.36 In Problem 15.35, what are the mag-
nitudes of the average shear stress acting on each glued
joint?
Solution:
Finding the centroid of the entire cross section (measuring from the
TOP):
y =
(2 in)(8 in)(4 in) + (2) [(2 in)(4 in)(7 in)]
(2 in)(8 in) + (2) [(2 in)(4 in)]
= 5.5 in
Calculating the moment of inertia:
I =
_
(2 in)(8 in)
3
12
+ (2 in)(8 in)(4 in 5.5 in)
2
_
+2
_
(4 in)(2 in)
3
12
+ (4 in)(2 in)(7 in 5.5 in)
2
_
= 162.7in
4
Calculating y

:
y

= 7 in 5.5 in = 1.5 in
Calculating A

:
A

= (2 in)(4 in) = 8 in
2
Calculating Q:
Q = y

= (1.5 in)(8 in
2
) = 12 in
3
Now calculating the average shear stress:

AVG
=
V Q
bI
=
(2, 400 lb)(12 in
3
)
(2 in)(162.7 in
4
)
ANS:
AVG
= 88.5 lb/in
2