MILLIONARE EXPORT SECRETS

By Raymond Ovietare
Tel: +234-7088736790 or +233245776638 E-mail: www.nigrerianexportsecrets.com

TESTIMONIALS The man who made $14,000 exporting a single a single commodity. Mr. Stephen O. attended our seminar several years ago. He started contacting overseas buyer like we taught him and his colleagues in the class. He wrote 65 letters before he got his first order to export garlic to South Africa. He carried out the order and earned $1000 in less than 3 weeks. Since, then he has been growing from strength to strength. He has successfully exported ginger, ox-gall stones, magi cubes and other items. In a particular transaction of ox-gall stone export, he told me that he earned over $14,000.00. Export business made him a millionaire within a year and he has been consistent. Another N3.6 Million in 2 years. Mr. Tunde B, was our student who also made his focus the export of ox-gallstones. He earned over N3.6 million in sales of ox-gallstones. Mr. Segun A, exported charcoal , four times. Mr. Segun was a student of mine who had no money of his own to export. He got a financial partner to work with and has successfully exported charcoal to the Scandinavian countries, four times as per my last meeting with him which was about five years ago.

INTRODUCTION Export is the movement of goods/commodities/products, services, ideas from one country to another country through the means of road, rail, sea and air for the purpose of making profits. Export can be done in small-scale or large scale. It requires your ability to think positive, think big, communicating effectively and meeting the specifications of the overseas buyers. There are several advantages and challenges of export. Let us look at the advantages of export first: a. Export can help you increase your sales and profits. b. It helps you gain share of business in the global market. c. It will help you reduce dependence on existing local market. d. You will gain information about foreign competition. e. You will earn foreign exchange. f. You will also have opportunity to travel easily. The challenges of export include : a. Export requires additional financing than doing business in the local market. b. Added administrative cost is attracted since you are dealing with other countries. c. As, an exporter, you have to modify your packaging to meet international packaging standards.

d. Export requires you to wait longer for payment. There is a time to ship your goods and there is a time to receive payment. e. You will need to spend time prospecting for buyers on the internet. f. You will also required to get several export documentation including an export certificate. Like every other business with its plus and minus, you need to use a plan as a yardstick to decide whether you want to embark on this business adventure or not. To ensure that you succeed in the export business, you need to design a marketing plan. This will serve as a useful guide to help you attain great success in your business. An international marketing plan should define your companys : - Readiness to export. - Export pricing strategy. - Potential export markets and customers.

Methods of foreign market entry. Exporting cost and projected revenues. Exporting financial alternatives. Legal requirements. Transportation method.

- Overseas partnership and foreign investment capabilities. - Commitment to the exporting success.

Creating an international marketing plan helps to define your companys present status, internal goals and commitment, and it is also required if you plan to seek financial assistance from Banks. Getting into export requires your looking into the following fundamental points: a. Your background. b. Your strength. c. Your company interests and objectives. d. The basic infra-structure available. When you are thinking about to export, you need to have product knowledge, cost of product and what your selling price should be. In addition, you should also consider the following:

a. Your experience in export business. b. Financial resources at your disposal. c. What is your added value to your products. d. What are the packaging methods. e. Infrastructure facilities for international trade. f. What will be your margin or mark-up. g. Your payment procedure. h. Import duty/levy at destination.

There are opportunities to export on small-scale and on large scale. We shall look at the two exporting process. SMALL SCALE 1. As a small- scale exporter you can export a maximum of 1 tonne . 2. Transportation is by air freight. 3. If you are dealing with agro-commodities of food items, they are packaged in 100g, 200g, 250g, 500g and 1 kg packs.You can use low density polyethene (ldpe) or High density polyethene(hdpe) to package your products. Other packaging materials include cartons, bottles, wooden boxes, wooden crates, plastic crates, plastic drums, aluminium, etc. 4. Transaction is completed within 30 days. 5. Payment is by western union, monegram, domiciliary account.

6. Less laboratory analysis is required for the small quantity of products you will love export. 7. Your business name is sufficient. 8. You do not require a container to export on small scale. LARGE SCALE 1. As a large scale exporter, you can start your export with a minimum of one 20ft container. 2. Agro-commodities are packaged in 50kg or 100kg jute or gunny bags, crates or boxes. 3. Transaction is completed between 60 90 days. 4. Payment is a letter of credit(LC). 5. Large scale export of agro- commodities requires more laboratory analysis . 6. You will need a limited liability company. 7. A container needed. 8. Transportation is by sea freight. 9. Export Certificate is mandatory as a large scale exporter.

HOW TO WRITE AN EFFECTIVE EXPORT LETTER 1. Create a signature file in your personal yahoo mail box. The signature file should include your physical address,

your telephone number, fax , postal address, name of bankers, lawyers, board of directors. If you already have an export certificate, please state that you are a member of Nigerian Export Promotion Council or Ghana Export Promotion Council depending on the country you live in. This signature file gives your letter credibility before your overseas clients. It shows that you are organized. This information should also be included in your printed letterhead to encourage uniformity. 2. Clearly, state what your services are as a company and how it benefits your clients. Be formal. Do not mention your price from start. Let the clients interest be high. Wet their apetite. 3. State the categories of products you intend to export. Do not show ignorance in the business. 4. Request that they can order from your company FREE samples based on their specifications. Avoid talking to them on phone until the deal is sealed. 5. Write in the language the client can understand. The client will trust you more. 6. Get properly registered and upgraded in the b2b market place your client may be involved in. This will boost youre the response rate from your client and bring more business your way.

IOUFF FORMULA For about ten years, I have given participants the IOUFF formula to help them write their letters. They have been successful with the formula. 1. I- stands for INTRODUCTION. When you are prospecting for business from a foreign client, you have to introduce yourself. This is the starting point. 2. O- means OFFER. Let your client know what you have to offer them. Be specific about the commodities you are offering to sell to the client. 3. U- means UNIQUE. Let your client know what is unique about your products. You can write about product quality or price. 4. F- stands for FREE SAMPLES OR SCANNED PICTURES. You can offer to send the above to your client if they request for it. 5. F- means FINANCIAL STRENGHT. You should let your client know that you are financially ready to do business with them. It helps them lift their restrictions as regards what volume of business they should give to you.

A SAMPLE LETTER Dear Sir/Madam, Letter Of Introduction

We are pleased to introduce to you ABC Exports Ltd, a Nigerian or Ghanaian-based company. We are exporters of various agricultural commodities like pineapples, ginger, pepper, kolanuts, garlic, etc. Our products are of top grade quality and our prices are competitive in the international market. We can send samples or scanned pictures of our commodities on your request. We also have financial partners that can finance every volume of business you give to us. You can get more information from our website. Visit www.abcexports.com. We look forward to a prompt and favorable response from your organization.

Yours faithfully,

Abraham John For: ABC Exports.

HOW TO HAVE ACCESS TO OVER 1,000,000 BUYERS Several years ago, It was easy to have access to thousands of email addresses of various foreign buyers but the social menace called internet fraud, close the door to these opportunities . Most companies now hide their e-mail addresses and reveal it to only serious buyers. International trade is now being done through b2b websites. A b2b website literally means a business to business website. It is also known as an e-commerce website. It is an online global market place, where exporters and importers; buyers and sellers meet to transact business. Most b2b websites require you to join or register as a member before you can make contact with clients on their sites. This is to help protect the interest of existing members and also to get certain personal data about you and your company. To sign in or join as a new user in any b2b site requires you to choose a user name and password. You will be required to provide some information in the form you will fill. You will then be moved to a second page, where you are required to complete a longer form with more details about yourself and company. The b2b website will now accept your registration as FREE member (on trial or probation). You will now be allowed to

access the market and clients who you would love to do business with. Please, note that the information you filled in those online forms will be investigated by the b2b website company. They have agents in various countries who will validate whether the information you provided in the form was true or false, e.g. false address. If they find out that company the information you gave was false, your company will be blacklisted in the b2b website. The e-commerce community of the website will be informed to avoid you. But, if the information you gave is correct, you will be encouraged to maximize the resources in the b2b website. Although, joining most b2b websites is FREE, the free membership status attracts little benefits. To gain access to unlimited importers or buyers, it is advisable that you upgrade your free membership status to paid membership. The paid members are accorded the VIP status e.g. Trust pass, Gold member, Silver member, Trade pass, etc. Membership upgrade ranges from $300 to $500 per annum. If you do this upgrade, you are guaranteed access to over 1,000,000 serious buyers for various categories of commodities.

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e 1999 Export-Forum.com is dedicated to global import-export and sourcing with specialized sections for all continent ocus mainly on Africa, China, India, Southeast Asia, South-America & Europe products. For a best service towards A ers are available in French.

of products are precisely described and over 13,000 photos are available to facilitate business.

orum is updated daily by SCAC Network partners and we welcome customers from over 165 countries. How to visit effectively the Export-Forum Web site

ade offers are listed in the continent of the company's origin (Africa, Asia-Pacific, Americas & Europe) e offers of each continent are distributed in specialized sections. e is a link to the site 'Map'' on the top of each page of the site. ek offers by keywords in Export-Forum site or the whole Web you will find on each page bottom a link Search

fers on the site are normally effective but for technical data, specifications and prices, always ask for a confirmation. We try to k up the offers but all of them are inserted on the exclusive responsibility of the senders. Copyright conditions of use & ictional clauses General terms & conditions Access & success fees

e one of the very few professional business Websites where you do not have to get a password or to register in order to access fr whole content.

sert a trade offer to sale or to buy free an unlimited service, including the translation of offers from English into French. We only require very precise of

l or requests to buy. To send a sale offer to Export-forum implies explicitly the sender of this sale proposal agrees to mmission to SCAC Network for any sale done to a customer from our web sites if SCAC Network business services tance is provided..Conditions and success fees k for a contact with the sender of an offer to sell contacts are direct. For other offers we provide the direct contact upon request subject to restrictions required by the supplier or . There are no fees for buyers. sk for a quotation ee if you meet sellers conditions and procedure. There are no fees for buyers. k for a contact with the sender of a request to buy oid fake offers or malicious contacts some requests of products are subject to restrictions required by the buyer. To send a reques ct implies explicitly the sender agrees to pay a commission to SCAC Network for any sale done to a customer from our web sites C business services assistance is provided. Conditions and success fees To add an offer, to ask for information or a quotation Security, specific terms & conditions

can insert an offer, ask for information or a quotation from any page of the site. You will find on each page of the site links: your offer or your products research e information about an offer t of time reply within 6 hours during working hours.

e, for a better, faster and reliable service do not send any message before to take cognizance of: w to draw up an offer w to draw up a quotation request

bvious security reasons, we don't insert any offer or answer to any request without complete information about the sender identit lly guarantee your privacy. Import export and trade offers selections Selected recent trade opportunities and special offers Africa tropical goods export selection China, India and Asia Pacific export selection South America Mercosur and Nafta export selection Europe export selection Africa importers food products selection Africa importers manufactured products selection Selected products examples for Asia importers

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Other free trade services International trade documentation International business ads with free translation into French Web partners Offers in French & trade opportunities towards French speaking markets

understand French itcould be useful to read new offers and other pages in French as some of them are not translated into Englis se they are mainly targeted towards the 56 countries and states which use French including 21 African countries, France, Canada um, Swiss, Luxemburg, Haiti, French West Indies, Reunion island, New Caledonia, Tahiti... Recent offers in French nder: we'll translate for free all trade offers and requests into French.

ssional translation services from English, Spanish and German to reach French speaking markets with specific local French langu ean professional commercial translation services from English, German, Italian and Spanish into French and save up to 60% wit America and Europe rates. Translation services Web pages and advertising with Export-Forum and SCAC Network

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One of the best b2b websites which is recognized by fortune magazine international and other respected international print /electronic media can make you tons of cash if you learn how to maximize the hidden business opportunities in the site. A Southern California College Dropout calls it the $6 Billion Internet Goldmine. She works from home and brings in over $1.8 million in yearly revenues from import/export business. You have probably never heard of the website Im talking about. 99 people out 100 never have. And, the one percent who know about it are making mouth-watering profits with it. The amount of money you can make as an importer or exporter from this site is mind-blowing. Even, if you do know the website, you may not know about the numerous hidden money making opportunities waiting for you to grab them and dance like Michael Jackson to the bank. This b2b website is considered the worlds largest business-tobusiness trading platform. It is a place where buyers and sellers from all over the world at any time of day can make deals on every kind of good you can think of

 from the comfort home! This powerful website:

Facilitates more than $6 billion in transactions every year Boasts more than 47 million registered users Hosts more than 5 million virtual storefronts Reaches buyers and sellers in more than 240 countries and territories

But first, Id like to tell you another quick story about a couple who also uses this website to make money. Like I said, you may have heard about the e-commerce site but do not know you can rake in lots of money by becoming a member or better still a VIP member. Now, let me let the cat out of the bag The website is called,

www.alibaba.com.

You see; it is easy but I bet you did not know there is massive wealth waiting for you in this site. See what the site looks like below:
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HOW TO PAY FOR YOUR MEMBERSHIP UPGRADE Paying for the membership upgrade for some people may be hectic. If you have a foreign account, you may ask your bank to transfer the money to the website account. You can also get a visa debit card or master card from any of the banks like Guaranty Trust bank, Diamond bank, Intercontinental bank, First Bank, Zenith bank, to mention a few. If you live in Ghana, I recommend that you deal with Guaranty Trust bank or Zenith International Bank. All these banks provide various debit and credit cards that customers can use for offline and online payment. This will enable you make online payment for your membership in the b2b websites. Just walk into any bank and ask for their visa or master card facility. You can then choose the one that is favorable to you.

OTHER WAYS TO GET OVERSEAS BUYERS

1. You can visit the Nigerian or Ghanaian Export promotion council as it applies to you.They also get enquiries from interested importers. But, you must be a registered member with NEPC or GEPC, before you can benefit from the list. 2. You can also visit all the various chambers of commerce, trade and export associations. They can give links to importers. 3. Another, fine place to go, is the embassies of countries you intend to export to. Every embassy has a commercial and international trade department. Contact them and they will give you very useful information that will help you successfully export to their country. You can also look out for offers in your local and international newspapers and other publications.

HOW TO REPLY THE ENQUIRY FROM AN IMPORTER When an importer replies your letter of offer or just enquires about your product, it is considered as an enquiry. When you reply the letter, you must put the following into consideration: a. Product. b. Weight per unit. c. Cases per ton. d. Metric tonnes. e. Port of loading. f. Destinated port.

g. Cost or price per incoterm, e.g. FOB or CIF. h. Packaging methods. i. Crating, where necessary. j. Best atmospheric condition. Make sure the transaction between you and the importer is transparent enough to avoid unecessary argument.

GET YOUR EXPORT CONTRACT BASED ON INCOTERMS INCOTERMS means international commercial terms. It is a set of rules put together by the International chamber of commerce (ICC) to facilitate hitch-free trade among exporters and importers. A middle-aged woman attended one of my seminars where she complained she had sent a container load of goods to a client but she never got paid. I asked her what incoterm was attached to that business but she was ignorant of what incoterms meant. Apparently, she had ignorantly sent the goods and the shipping documents to the overseas buyer, who eventually defrauded her. I do not want you to be defrauded that is why you should take time to understand incoterms.

You may asking yourself what incoterms are? They are simply contracts or agreement between the exporter and importer which the law enforces. The current one used is called INCOTERMS 2000. An export contract will normally include the following: 1. Contract of sale. 2. Types of products and packaging. 3. Place of delivery. 4. The mode of payment. 5. Contract of carriage entered into. 6. Need for insurance cover by buyer. 7. Need for inspection at exporters warehouse or plan for destination inspection. 8. Requirements by governments of exporting and importing countries. 9. The documentation procedure and documents to accompany consignment. 10. Contractual obligations must be stated. 11. The mode of sending shipping documents and who bears additional charges e.g. bank, commission, demurrage, etc. Some basic incoterms known as contract of sale are as follows: a. Ex-works/ex-factory price. b. Ex-plantation price. c. FOR- Free on rail.

d. FOB- Free on board. e. FOT- Free on truck. f. FCA- Free carrier. g. FAS- Free alongside ship. h. CIF- Cost, insurance and freight. i. C&F- Cost and freight. j. CPT- Carriage paid to. k. CIP- Carriage and insurance paid to. l. DES- Delivered ex-ship. m.DDU- Delivered duty unpaid. n. DAF- Delivered at frontier. o. DEQ- Delivered ex-quay.

The popular incoterms used in international trade are FOB, EX-WORKS, C&F and CIF. You can get a copy of incoterms booklet at NEPC or GEPC. You can also download a copy with google search engine. The incoterm used for sales contract clearly states the responsibilities of the exporter and importer thus minimizing any form of confusion. For instance, FOB, is free on board. This states that the buyer (importer) shall pay for the products, cost of handling from the exporters warehouse to the port where it will be loaded into a named ship.

Ex-works means the buyer (importer) has to pay for the products, cost of handling from the farm or source to the warehouse. In this case, the exporter is not supposed to ship the products and cannot be held responsible for not shipping it.

EXPORT DOCUMENTATION Export is based on trust. Most transactions are based on the documents provided by the exporter, importer and bank. The information in all the document must agree with each other or

be seen as uniform. For example, you cannot say you are exporting kola nut in one document and put ginger and pepper in another document. This anomaly can create problems with payment. Export document include : 1. Proforma invoice. 2. Export invoice. 3. Nigerian or Ghanaian export proceeds forms. 4. Certificate of origin. 5. Form EUR 1 for export to EEC. 6. Phytosanitary/health cer tificate. 7. Generalised system of preference. 8. Certificate of quality and fumigation. 9. Weight note. 10.Packing list. 11. ICCO certificate of origin (related to cocoa trade). 12. Customs bill of entry (form 97). 13. Bill of lading. 14. Airway bill. 15. Port surveyors report. 16. Standard organization of Nigeria or Ghana standard board (if you are based in Ghana). 17. Certificate of insurance. 18. Certificate of analysis and quality.

19. Free certificate of sale. 20. Certificate of age (e.g. expiry dates of wines and spirits). 21. Letter of clearance from the national museum, solid minerals and precious minerals departments, forestry or veterinary health services if you plan to export any product related to these departments.

You are required to furnish the necessary document from the above mentioned in respect of what you intend to export. Your shipping agent can assist you in getting all these document to facilitate easy export of your products.

PACKAGING METHODS, SPECIFICATIONS AND LABORATORY ANALYSIS Products meant for export can be packaged in various forms. They can be packaged in low density polyethene( ldpe) packs, high density polyethene ( hdpe) ,packs, cartons, optical-fibre

board carton, plastic bottles, plastic crates, wooden crates, jute bags, plastic drums, etc. Packaging is based on the specification of the importer. You can locate most of the packaging at Billingsway Road, Oregun, Ikeja (the road behind Christ Embassy). There are other packaging companies at apapa near the Nigerian ports authority. If you are in Ghana, then you should visit the industrial area in north Kaneshie, Tema ports area or Association of Ghana industries (AGI), inside the trade fair complex for your packaging needs. The importer will normally state their specifications as regards any product they would love to buy from you. Please make sure you abide by their specifications. In the case of agricultural commodities, importers who want to import large quantity will normally send their specifications and request that some laboratory analysis is carried out, to ascertain moisture content, oil content, etc. You can get various samples of the commodities and send it to NAFDAC(Nigeria) or Food And Drugs Board(Ghana), for them to do a food grade test. The laboratory should give you a full breakdown of the percentage of the food components. Below is an excerpt from NAFDAC website :
In order to export a regulated product, a prospective exporter writes to the Director-General (NAFDAC) an application accompanied with the stipulated fees per consignment of intended export attaching the following documents:

Evidence of registration of the regulated product with NAFDAC. In the case of fish, fishery products, the evidence required is registration as an exporter of Seafood. Registration Certificate granted by Nigerian Export Promotion Council; The following details of the product shall be provided, namely:

Batch Numbers. Date of Manufacture Expiry date or best before date Destination of intended export Certificate of analysis of the product batch by batch Name and Full Address of the Manufacturer.

The Agency issues an export certificate with the full details of the product(s) batch by batch to be exported if:

Establishment maintains the standard requirements of Good manufacturing practice (GMP) The regulated product passes NAFDAC laboratory tests.

You can then send the favorable results to your overseas client if they request for it before you think of exporting.

THE ROLE OF NIGERIAN EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL(NEPC) The Nigerian Export promotion council is a government institution focused on export development and promotion in the country.

Their function which also similar to those of Ghana Export Promotion council includes: 1. Development of national export awareness. 2. Creating goodwill for Nigerian products in overseas markets. 3. Providing exporters with necessary assistance for penetrating the competitive international market. 4. Training exporters and personnel of export facilitating institutions to upgrade their skills in export marketing. 5. Recommending to Government the necessary assistance and incentives to exporters. The services provided by NEPC include general information service on export products, markets, marketing systems, etc; advisory services on product development; trade facilitation, and export incentive schemes.

HOW TO BECOME A MEMBER OF NEPC

Once, you get an export certificate from NEPC. It qualifies you to enjoy the benefits of their services. You do not need an export licence to do export business. Only shipping agents and shipping companies need an import-export licence to do business. What you need is an export certificate which can only be issued by the Nigerian Export Promotion Council. To be a member, the following requirements are needed: a. Original copy of certificate of incorporation. b. Certified true copy of memorandum of association. c. Copy of form c07. d. N5,500 for NEPC registration form. An exporter can be a limited liability company, partnership, cooperative society or sole proprietorship as regard as regards international credibility. You can visit any of the NEPC offices below to enjoy their services:

Corporate Headquarters Abuja, FCT No.40 Blantyre Street, Wuse II, ceo@nepc.gov.ng admin@nepc.gov.ng info@nepc.gov.ng sales@nepc.gov.ng Call Center +234 (9) 000000 Zonal Offices

Lagos 13/15 Oladipo Oluwole Street Apapa,Lagos, Telephone: 01-5460027,5872335 e-mail: lagos@nepc.gov.ng Kano 16,New Court road, Gyadi Gyadi,Kano. Telephone:064-664711,200832, 311134 e-mail:kano@nepc.gov.ng Akure Ondo State Housing Corporation, Ijapo Estate,P.M.B 746, Ado-Ekiti Road, Akure,Ondo State. Telephone: 034-242249,240236 e-mail: akure@nepc.gov.ng Aba 3,Cassia avenue, G.R.A, Aba Telephone: 082221150 e-mail: aba@nepc.gov.ng Jos 14,Langtang street P.M.B 2729,Jos Telephone: 073457093,455892 e-mail: jos@nepc.gov.ng Maiduguri Magaram road,off Lagos street Telephone: 08060618959,08036514740 e-mail: maiduguri@nepc.gov.ng Minna No.10 Yakubu Lame Road G.R.A. Minna Telephone: 08033235972 e-mail: minna@nepc.gov.ng

Benin Ministry of Commerce of Industry 5th floor,state secretariat, Benin ,Edo State. P.M.B 1160 e-mail: benin@nepc.gov.ng Owerri Cex 8,executive Quarters, Concord Layout Owerri. Imo State. Telephone: 08033156149 e-mail: owerri@nepc.gov.ng Gusau Layin A.A Master Unguwar mallamai, Off Kauran Namoda road, Gusau . Telephone: 08037876517 e-mail: gusau@nepc.gov.ng

TRADE OFFICES Shanghai Jiushi Fuxin mansion Suite 16 A,918 Huai Hai Zhong lu, Shanghai,200020. Telephone: +8613816807030 Fax:8612164157287 e-mail: nigtroff_shanghai@nigeriachina.com esijemine@yahoo.com

Taiwan Nigeria trade office in Taiwan ,R.O.C

Suite 7D06,7F,Exxhibition Hall,Taipei World Trade Center, No 5 Hsin Yi Road,Taipei 110,Taiwan,R.O.C Telephone: 0227202669 Fax: 0227204242 e-mail: ia_mohammed@yahoo.com

PROCEEDURE OF SENDING PRODUCTS TO THE IMPORTER

How to send your consignment or product by sea. The activities that I am about to mention can be effectively performed by a forwarding agent provided the right fee and the required document are available. 1. Find out freight rate from Nigerian Shippers council and the shipping companies on that route.You can visit their website @ www.shipperscouncil.com. 2. Find a shipping company on that route. 3. Choose a shipping line. Choose a vessel and date from their schedule.

4. Apply for ship space and complete the necessary documentation. 5. Register all details on customs duty form, state type of consignment. 6. Make arrangement for required packaging and labeling. 7. Collect all forwarding papers from the shipping company to forward to the Nigerian Ports Management to allow the consignment into the port for storage before shipment. 8. Send the commodities to the port with all the supporting documents, such as consignment note. 9. Obtain release of cargo on shipping note from port management. 10. Dispatch shipping note to export desk for shipment. 11. Tallies are needed at the port of loading. Here are some rates from the shippers council website that may help you (please note that these figures may be subject to change without notice by the shippers council or any relevant Government bodies. It is therefore advisable that you visit the shippers council for up to date information that will help you succeed as an exporter):

A CARGO DUTIES 1 General Cargo 2 Bulk Cargo 3 Bulk Liquid 4 Container 5 Empty

IMPORT $8.7/Ton $8.7/Ton $5.9/Ton $187/TEU $296/40Ft $19/TEU $31/40Ft

EXPORT $5.8/Ton $4.26/Ton $4.26/Ton $120/TEU $200/40Ft $16/TEU $28/40Ft EXPORT

B SHIP DUES 1 Foreign Vessels 2 TWA Vessels 3 Coastal Vessels C 1 (a) Handling Charges/Ton (b) Documentation/Bill of lading (c) VEP, Tally, Truck, etc 2 BULK CARGO (a) Handling Charges/Ton (b) Documentation/Bill of lading (c) VEP, Tally, Truck, etc 3 BULK CARGO BY SUCTION GENERAL CARGO DELIVERY CHARGES

IMPORT $1.28 $0.62 $0.44 DIRECT

INDIRECT

N89 N1,400 N225 DIRECT N49 N1,400 N225 DIRECT N18

N168 N1,400 N225 INDIRECT N169 N1,400 N225 INDIRECT N/A N/A INDIRECT N375/TEU N750/40Ft N24/TEU N48/40Ft

(a) Handling Charges/Ton

(b) Documentation/Bill of lading N700 4 CONTAINER DIRECT N375/TEU N750/40Ft (b) Empty N24/TEU N48/40Ft

(a) Laden

PALLATISED CARGO

DIRECT N10 N20 N30 N40 N79 N124 DIRECT N10 N20 N30 N40 N79 N124

INDIRECT N6 N9 N11 N15 N24 N48 INDIRECT N6 N9 N11 N15 N24 N48

(a) Up to 2 tons (b) Up to 4 tons (c) Up to 6 tons (d) Up to 10 tons (e) Up to 15 tons (f) Above 15 tons 5 PALLATISED CARGO (a) Up to 2 tons (b) Up to 4 tons (c) Up to 6 tons (d) Up to 10 tons (e) Up to 15 tons (f) Above 15 tons D

RENT / PENALTY CHARGE DIRECT N6/ton/day N3/ton/day DIRECT N600/Unit N750/Unit N1,200/Unit N2000/Unit DIRECT N375/TEU N750/40Ft N24/TEU N48/40Ft DIRECT INDIRECT N375/TEU N750/40Ft N24/TEU N48/40Ft INDIRECT $50/B/L $500/B/L INDIRECT N6/ton/day N3/ton/day INDIRECT

1 GENERAL CARGO (a) Shade/Warehouse (b) Stocking Area Cargo 2 VEHICLES

(a) Under 25 CBM (b) 26 - 70 CBM (c) 70 - 140 CBM (d) Over 140 CBM 3 CONTAINER (a) Laden (b)Empty 4 MANIFEST Submisssion of late additional manifest

(a) Amendments (b)

FRESH WATER

DIRECT

INDIRECT $5/ton $10/ton

(a) By NPA at berth (b) Mid-stream 6 MOU TARIFFS 20FT N30,301 N4,000 N2,000 N35,000 N290 DIRECT N10 N20 N30 N40 N79 N124

40FT N8,000 N4,000 N70,000 N290 INDIRECT N6 N9 N11 N15 N24 N48

(1) Terminal Handling Charges (2) Container Clearing Charges (3) Documentation/Release Charges

(4) Container Deposit (5) MOWCA 5 PALLATISED CARGO (a) Up to 2 tons (b) Up to 4 tons (c) Up to 6 tons (d) Up to 10 tons (e) Up to 15 tons (f) Above 15 tons D 1

RENT / PENALTY CHARGE GENERAL CARGO DIRECT N6/ton/day N3/ton/day DIRECT N600/Unit N750/Unit N1,200/Unit N2000/Unit DIRECT N375/TEU N750/40Ft N24/TEU N48/40Ft INDIRECT N375/TEU N750/40Ft N24/TEU N48/40Ft INDIRECT N6/ton/day N3/ton/day INDIRECT

(a) Shade/Warehouse (b) Stocking Area Cargo 2 VEHICLES

(a) Under 25 CBM (b) 26 - 70 CBM (c) 70 - 140 CBM (d) Over 140 CBM 3 CONTAINER (a) Laden (b)Empty

4 MANIFEST (a) Amendments (b) 5 Submisssion of late additional manifest FRESH WATER

DIRECT

INDIRECT $50/B/L $500/B/L

DIRECT

INDIRECT $5/ton $10/ton

(a) By NPA at berth (b) Mid-stream 6 MOU TARIFFS 20FT N30,301 N4,000 N2,000 N35,000 N290

40FT N8,000 N4,000 N70,000 N290

(1) Terminal Handling Charges (2) Container Clearing Charges (3) Documentation/Release Charges

(4) Container Deposit (5) MOWCA

PALLATISED CARGO

DIRECT N10 N20 N30 N40 N79 N124

INDIRECT N6 N9 N11 N15 N24 N48

(a) Up to 2 tons (b) Up to 4 tons (c) Up to 6 tons (d) Up to 10 tons (e) Up to 15 tons (f) Above 15 tons D 1

RENT / PENALTY CHARGE GENERAL CARGO DIRECT N6/ton/day N3/ton/day DIRECT N600/Unit N750/Unit N1,200/Unit INDIRECT N6/ton/day N3/ton/day INDIRECT

(a) Shade/Warehouse (b) Stocking Area Cargo 2 VEHICLES

(a) Under 25 CBM (b) 26 - 70 CBM (c) 70 - 140 CBM

(d) Over 140 CBM 3 CONTAINER (a) Laden (b)Empty

N2000/Unit DIRECT N375/TEU N750/40Ft N24/TEU N48/40Ft INDIRECT N375/TEU N750/40Ft N24/TEU N48/40Ft

Please do visit the shippers council website and make use of the information you find there for your export success.

You can also benefit from the guideline below on pre-shipment inspection:

Guidelines for Exporters Nigeria Preshipment Inspection Programme performed by or on behalf of SWEDE CONTROL/INTERTEK SERVICES on behalf of THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA 12 January 2001 INTRODUCTION In September 1999, the Federal Republic of Nigeria re- introduced the pre- shipment programme for inspection of imports. Swede Control/ Intertek (SCI) is one of four Pre-shipment inspection companies chosen to participate in the program. The territories apportioned to SCI are shown in Appendix A. These guidelines summarise the changes and their impact upon Exporters. Should you have any queries, please kindly contact your nearest SCI office where trained SCI personnel will be happy to assist. You will find our offices addresses, telephones and fax numbers, throughout the world, in Appendix C. All Forms M raised on or after September 1 1999 are subject to pre- shipment inspection. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS COMMONLY USED
st th

PSI LO

Pre- shipment Inspection Liaison Office (SCIs main office in Nigeria)

IO

Issuing Office (SCIs office in the Exporters country, which will organise PSI for your goods and issue a certificate for their clearance through Customs by the Importer as well as issue a Certified Invoice to the Exporter for negotiation of a Letter of Credit.)

RFI

Request for information A notification sent to the Exporter by SCI in respect of each individual Form M and proforma. (Each file will have a unique reference number allocated, known as the RFI number. This number should be quoted in all correspondence with SCI).

CRI

Clean Report of Inspection The document issued by SCI which provides the SCI assessment of value and coding. The CRI is required by the Importer to obtain Customs Clearance.

DRI

Discrepancy Report of Inspection The document issued by SCI when goods fail to pass PSI, either because discrepancies are not corrected by the Exporter or because the Exporter fails to provide SCI with a clean set of final documents. This document prohibits clearance of goods in Nigeria.

L/C

Letter of Credit

HOW IS PRESHIPMENT INSPECTION ORGANISED ? Upon receipt of the Form M and supporting documents (including the letter of credit, if applicable) from the Importer, the Authorised Dealer Bank will process and deliver it to the SCI office in Lagos, who will analyse them and load them into the system. For your information, the Form M is available from regional SCI offices overseas as well as Nigerian Embassies, Authorised Dealer Banks etc Should there be no reason to reject the documentation, SCI will transmit the information electronically to the Issuing Office (IO) responsible for arranging inspections in the country of supply. Hard copies of the electronic information will also be distributed to the relevant IO. After receiving the information, the IO will fax the exporter with a Request for Information (RFI) notification. This will request information required to perform the inspection. The Exporter must respond promptly to our RFI letter, not forgetting that 3 full working days of advance warning are necessary in relation to the required date for inspection. Simultaneously, at the Issuing Office, SCI experts will perform preliminary analysis of the prices and customs tariff codes. After arrangements have been made, the SCI inspector will perform the physical inspection at the requested site and mutually arranged time.

We recommend that the Exporters final invoice be sent to the IO on the same day that the exporter responds to the RFI. WHAT HAPPENS IF I SHIP MY GOODS WITHOUT INSPECTION? Where a Customs declaration is made without a valid Clean Report of Inspection (CRI), the Importers goods will be required to undergo destination inspection which will be carried out by SCI, under the supervision of Nigerian Customs Officers. Shipments subject to destination inspection may also suffer a delay in clearance and a fine amounting to 50% of the assessed value of the consignment. ARE THERE ANY GOODS THAT ARE EXEMPT FROM PSI? Yes. Please refer to the list shown in appendix B, where you will also find the list of prohibitions. AS THE EXPORTER WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO?

1.

Upon receipt of the Form M, proforma invoice and Letter of Credit from the Importer, and after having processed the information in these documents, the SCI Liaison Office (LO) in Lagos will transfer the data to the SCI Issuing Office (IO) which will handle your file. The IO will contact you in writing, usually by fax. The letter is referred to as the RFI (Request For Information) and will ask you for the information we require in order to carry out our physical inspection of your goods and to perform customs classification and price verification. The RFI letter will detail pertinent references including a unique RFI locator number, for example SCI 123456.

2.

Please quote the unique RFI number in all communications with SCI so the file record can be immediately located and the swiftest possible action be taken.

3.

If any company other than the Exporter named on the Form M is to request inspection or act in any way on your behalf, their authority to do so must be confirmed by you as the named Exporter.

WHAT DO I HAVE TO PAY? The fee is paid by the Federal Republic of the Government of Nigeria. However, where a discrepancy is detected on the first inspection and an additional inspection visit is required, SCI reserve the right to charge the Exporter for the second inspection. HOW DO I ARRANGE THE INSPECTION? As soon as you have received the RFI letter from SCI (and if your goods are ready) you should submit a written request for inspection to SCI. We ask for a minimum advance notice of 3 full working days for the requested inspection date, although we will always try to accommodate you when an urgent inspection is required. Your written inspection request should detail the following:

The relevant SCI reference number Desired date and location of the inspection,

The name of the person to be contacted at the inspection site with their telephone and fax numbers. Full details of the goods to be inspected

At the time of making your inspection request, if possible please provide a copy of your final invoice. SHOULD I PACK MY GOODS FOR EXPORT PRIOR TO INSPECTION? Goods should be presented along with the export packaging which will be used. Where packaging must be opened to perform physical inspection, repackaging will be observed at the time of inspection. Where goods are to be exported by full container load, SCI are required to witness loading and seal the container with an SCI seal. For this to be done, Exporters will be required to present goods for physical inspection at a time and place such that, upon the same visit, the SCI Inspector may properly inspect the goods, witness container stuffing and perform sealing. WHAT IS CUSTOMS CLASSIFICATION? All goods can be classified under a customs tariff code which determines the rate of duty payable for the goods upon importation. SCI is required to determine the correct tariff code in accordance with the requirements of the Nigerian tariff book and all other relevant regulations published by the Ministry of Finance in Nigeria. SCI will determine the correct tariff code by review of documentation taken in consultation with the results from the physical inspection of the goods. The Nigerian Customs tariff is based on the Harmonised System (HS). WHAT IS CUSTOMS VALUATION/ PRICE VERIFICATION? 1. The customs valuation/ price verification undertaken by SCI seeks to determine whether the price being charged by the seller, as declared to us in the final invoice, corresponds within reasonable limits with export prices generally prevailing in the country of supply.

2.

Where freight charges are not presented to the IO by the exporter, SCI will assess values for these for customs valuation purposes only.

3.

The reference date for customs valuation/ price verification will be the date of the order or proforma invoice.

4.

Where our customs valuation indicates that your prices are significantly below the reasonable limit for the export prices prevailing in the country of supply, you will be contacted and given an opportunity to comment. Our assessment of the fair market value will only be amended if you can provide us with information which will cause us to change our opinion. In the case of overpricing, you may be asked to reduce your final invoice in line with the fair market value.

4.

Price data and all related information supplied to SCI is held in the strictest confidence.

AS AN EXPORTER, WHAT TYPE OF CERTIFICATE WILL I RECEIVE FROM SCI? The Exporter will receive a certified invoice with a hologram label or sticker affixed to it. This will be returned to the Exporter by the normal postal service, unless a specific request is received for it to be sent by courier service. If the Exporter does request for it to be sent by courier the cost will be for the Exporters account. WHAT TYPE OF CERTIFICATE WILL SCI ISSUE TO THE IMPORTER? SCI will issue the Importer (via the dealer bank) with a Clean Report of Inspection (CRI). The CRI will include SCIs assessment of the customs value and tariff classification. The CRI will be issued to the Importer, provided the following conditions have been met: 1. An accepted Inspection Report has been issued by SCI to confirm that the quality and quantity of the goods meet the specification submitted to SCI; The Exporter has submitted correct final documentation to SCI;

2.

TO ISSUE THE CRI/ CERTIFIED INVOICE, WHAT DOCUMENTS DO YOU NEED FROM ME?

1 We need a clean final invoice as early as possible in the PSI process for CRI issuance, as it will enable early customs clearance of the Importers cargo. The clean final invoice must detail the following information: . . . . . . . . Invoice number and date of issuance; Names of the Importer and Exporter, as per the proforma and Form M; Detailed quantity and description of goods; All unit prices and extensions; Separate itemised charges, if applicable, up to FOB; The FOB (Free on Board) value of the transaction; Freight (if applicable); Insurance (if applicable);

A copy of the signed, clean- on- board transport document (bill of lading/ airway bill) and a copy of the letter of credit. This is relevant to issuance of the certified invoice. Final invoices which show a price adjustment arising from fluctuating exchange rates cannot be accepted unless expressly allowed for under the terms and conditions of the proforma invoice. The CRI number must be shown on the Bill of Lading, Airway Bill or the like and written against each item in the cargo manifest. It can be generated very simply by taking the SCI number and adding the three digit suffix relevant to the partial shipment, i.e. 001 (partial 1), 002 (partial 2) etc The Exporter must provide the final invoice within 72 hours of inspection, otherwise SCI valuation will be based on the documents already available.

3.

WHAT HAPPENS IF I FAIL TO PRESENT A SET OF CLEAN FINAL DOCUMENTS?

Presentation of clean final documents should be made to SCI as soon as they are available. Failure to do so may result in the issuance of a Discrepancy Report of Inspection (DRI) and a delay in the clearance of the Importers goods from Customs.

In order to avoid problems, it is advisable that good final invoices be presented to ITS at the time that you submit your request for inspection. A FINAL NOTE

1.

If the information in these guidelines does not provide an answer to questions that arise in relation to a specific order, please contact your nearest SCI Issuing Office where trained SCI personnel will be happy to assist.

2.

SCI is a founder member of the International Federation of Inspection Agencies (IFIA) and the Nigerian PSI programme is carried out in conformity with the IFIA code of practice.

3.

SCI also carries out its work in accordance with the WTO agreement on Pre- shipment Inspection.

4.

Despite every effort being made by SCI to facilitate the progress of all orders which require an inspection, an exporter may occasionally experience a problem. SCI has an Internal Appeals Procedure as required by Article 2.21 of the Agreement on pre- shipment inspection of the

Uruguay round of WTO/ GATT. Exporters wishing to make use of these procedures should request details from their nearest Foreign Trade Standards office.

5.

Exporters / Importers wishing to communicate with ITS by electronic mail should take note of the following important message. Email is subject to the possibility of delays and of transmission failure. Systems designed to inform senders of transmission failure are themselves subject to the possibility of delay and may fail altogether. It follows that you should not assume that email transmission have been received in good order unless you are advised by ITS that this is the case. ITS will systematically confirm receipt of email by email. The confirmation sent by ITS is to confirm receipt only. It should not be taken as acceptance of the content of the document. It is recommended that you call where such confirmation is not received within 24 hours.

APPENDIX A Swede Control/Intertek is responsible for the inspection of all goods supplied from the following countries:

United States of America and The Caribbean including Nordic Nations Denmark (including Greenland) Dominican Republic Finland Grenada Iceland Haiti

Norway Jamaica Sweden Trinidad

South America

Europe

Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Cuba Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Surinam

Austria Bulgaria Czech Republic Hungary Macedonia Poland Romania Slovakia Yugoslavia (Serbia/Montenegro)

Uruguay

Venezuela

APPENDIX B GOODS EXEMPTED FROM PSI The following goods are the only ones exempt from pre-shipment inspection:

a)

Explosives & pyrotechnic products

b)

Arms, ammunitions, weapons & implements of war

c)

Used motor vehicles

d)

Personal effects

e)

Perishables (i.e. day old chicks, vaccines, human eyes, human remains, periodicals or magazines, yeast)

f)

Supplies to diplomatic consulate missions and international organisations for their own needs GOODS PROHIBITED FROM IMPORTATION

1.

Sorghum (HS Code 1007.0000)

2. Millet (HS Code. 1008.2000).

3. Wheat flour (HS Code. 1101.0000).

4.

Mosquito Repellent coils (HS Code 3808.1110).

5.

Retreaded/ used tyres (HS Code 4012.1000-4012.9000).

6.

Gaming machines (HS Code 9504.1000-9504.3000).

7.

Second-hand Clothing (HS Code 6309.0000)

8.

Cement not in bulk form (HS Code 2523.2910). Cement can only be imported in bulk form and cannot be brought into the country in quantities less than 10,000 metric tonnes or the full capacity of the carrying vessel. It shall in addition, be discharged into silos at the quayside or into a ship permanently moored to the Coastline or into trucks for onward delivery to the hinterland for packaging into 50kg bags using machinery and facilities already installed at those locations.

9. Bulk importation of vegetable oil is no longer allowed for health reasons. All imports shall be branded and in cans.

Please note that the list of Prohibited items for Nigeria is subject to frequent changes. SCI have provided this list as a reference for exporters to Nigeria. The list of Prohibited items, as set by the Government, will always take precedence over the information contained in these Guidelines.

B. Outside the port. 1. Collect the NXP form from the bank and other document and forward to the Nigerian customs service. 2. Provide the bill of lading for the inspection agents to produce IDR, CFR for the importer. 3. Pay freight and collect bill of lading from the shipping company after shipment. 4. Endorse bill of lading and other documents at the bank if it is an import. 5. Endorse a set of document straight to the importer by courier and others through the bank to negotiate funds with the importers bank abroad.

C. Procedure for sending goods by air. 1. Find the airline that flies the route. 2. Find the airline that can handle the consignment. 3.Send the list of consignments to the airline.

4.When an agreement has been reached with the airline, send goods to NAHCO shed and collect a receipt. 5. Weight, size, and the volume and contents have to be

declared. 6. Collect NXP form, state the type of export and take this to inspection agents. 7. Send cargo to airline with consignment note and pay the airline for the airway bill. 8.Receive airway bill from the airline and pay the 5% VAT charges. 9. Pay the local or miscellaneous handling in local or foreign currency to the airline office at home. 10. Collect document and send with consignment. 11. Endorse a set of document to the importer and others to the bank to negotiate proceeds.

EXPORT PRICING

Here are some basic example of how costing can be done in local currency and thereafter, can be easily converted to foreign currency for export pricing of product. 1) Determine product cost- in your local currency. 2) Determine factory sales price- in your local currency. 3) Determine shipping cost- in your local currency. 4) Total the above costing and convert into foreign currency to arrive at your export price.

1. Determine the cost of your product by: a. Materials cost b. Labor cost c. Factory overhead.. d. Administrative cost.. e. Selling costs e.g. travel,phone,fax

N? N? N? N? N?

f. Marketing costs. N? Add up all the above cost to arrive at your product cost. Next 2. Determine Export Cost: a. Use your above product cost.N? b. Add crating costN? c. Add documentation cost...N? d. Add product insurance cost..N? e. Deduct duty drawback, if any...N? f. Add your required profit...N? Total it up and this will be your basic selling price or Ex. Works price. Next 3. Determine export Shipping cost a. Use your above Ex works price..N? b. Add local inland freight wharfage charge..N? Total it up and this is now your F.O.B. Price. c. Add ocean/Airfreight Marine InsuranceN? Total it up and this is now your C.I.F. Price. Next 4. Determine your export price in $US a. Take your above C.I.F. priceN?

b. Add the charges of shipping your goods to the foreign port of entry (C.I.P)..N? Total it up and convert it into foreign currency at current exchange rate and this will be your C.I.F. export price to the foreign port of entry.

THE EXPORT PROCESS

1. Go home and study your notes if you attended my seminar. 2. Make up your mind on commodities to export. 3. Take pictures of product samples. 4. Do market research on products. 5. Confirm local suppliers. 6. Start contacting overseas buyers.

7. Get a serious enquiry. 8. Negotiate price. 9. Confirm price. 10.Send commodity sample where necessary. 11.Contact shipping agent. 12.Contact your bank. 13.Importer is ready to open an LC and gives you his bank details. 14.Request your bank to ask for confirmed irrevocable LC and forward the details of the importers bank to your bank. 15.Importers bank opens a confirmed irrevocable LC which is endorsed by another bank in the importers country. 16.Conclude shipping arrangements. 17.Commence export. 18.Commodities arrive at importers country. 19.Importer requests for shipping document. 20.Exporter requests for payment against release of shipping document. 21.Give your bank a collection order to collect your money from the importers bank on your behalf. This a written letter,

authorizing your bank to collect your money from the importer on your behalf. 22.Your bank collects your money on your behalf. 23.You send the shipping documents to the importer. 24.Enjoy some of the money. 25.Start all over again.