BERIKUT TEKS YANG HARUS ANDA PELAJARI UNTUK MENGHADAPI UJIAN MID BAHASA INGGRIS SEMESTER 3 S1 TI TEKS NYA

AKAN DIAMBIL DARI SINI Passage 1 Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial organism that has been isolated from sea water, shellfish, finfish, plankton, and salt springs. It has been a major cause of food poisoning in Japan, compelling the Japanese to do several studies on it. They have confirmed the presence of V.parahaemolyticus in the north and central Pacific, with the highest abundance in inshore waters, particularly in or near large harbors. A man named Nishio studied the relationship between the chloride content of sea water and the seasonal distribution of V.parahaemolyticus and concluded that while the isolation of the organism was independent of the sodium chloride content, the distribution of the bacteria in sea water was dependent on the water temperature. In fact, it has been isolated in high frequencies during summer, from June to September, but was not isolated with the same frequency in winter. Within four or five days after eating contaminated foods, a person will begin to experience diarrhea, the most common symptom; this will very often be accompanied by stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Headache and fever, with or without chills, may also be experienced. Vocabulary
1. Shellfish : kerang-kerangan 2. Finfish : ikan sirip 3. Compel : memaksa 4. Confirm : menegaskan 5. Abundance : keadaan berlimpah 6. Inshore : dekat ke pantai 7. Symptom : gejala 8. Cramp : kejang 9. Nausea : muak 10.Vomit : muntah 11.Chill : udara dingin

Passage 2 In an effort to produce the largest, fastest, and most luxurious ship afloat, the British built the S.S Titanic. It was so superior to anything else on the seas that it was dubbed unsinkable. So sure of this were the owners that they provided only twenty lifeboats and rafts, less than one half the number needed for the 2,227 passengers on board. Many passengers were aboard the night it rammed an iceberg, only two days at sea and more than halfway between England and its New York destination. Because the luxury liner was travelling so fast, it was impossible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg. An unextinguished fire also contributed to the ships submersion. Panic increased the number of casualties as people jumped into the icy water or fought to be among the few to board the lifeboats. Four hours after the mishap, another ship, the Carpathia, rescued the 705 survivors. The infamous S.S Titanic had enjoyed only two days of sailing glory on its maiden voyage in 1912 before plunging into 12,000 feet of water near the coast of Newfoundland, where it lies today.
1. Afloat : terapung 2. Dub : member julukan 3. Unsinkable : tidak tenggelam 4. Lifeboat : perahu penolong 5. Raft : rakit 6. Ram : membenturkan 7. Liner : kapal samudra 8. Unextinguished : tak terpadamkan 9. Submersion : perendaman 10.Casualty : korban 11.Fight-fought-fought : bertarung 12.Maiden : perawan 13.Voyage : pelayaran

Passage 3 One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the great Pyramid of Giza was a monument of wisdom and prophecy built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B.C. Despite its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction make it one of the truly great wonders of the world. The thirteen-acre structure near the Nile River is a solid mass of stone blocks covered with limestone. Inside are a number of hidden passageways and the burial chamber for the pharaoh. It is the largest single structure in the world. The four sides of the pyramid are aligned almost exactly on true north, south, east, and west- an incredible engineering feat. The ancient Egyptians were sun worshippers and great astronomers, so computations for the great pyramid were based on astronomical observations. Explorations and detailed examinations of the base of the structure reveal many intersecting lines. Further scientific study indicates that these represent a type of timeline of events-past, present, and future. Many of the events have been interpreted and found to coincide with known facts of the past. Others are prophesied for future generations and are currently under investigations. Many believe that pyramids have supernatural powers, and this one is no exception. Some researchers even associate it with extraterrestrial being of the ancient past. Was this superstructure made by ordinary beings, or one built by a race far superior to any known today?
1. Wonder : keajaiban 2. Wisdom : kebijaksanaan 3. Prophecy : ramalan 4. Tomb : makam 5. Limestone : batu kapur 6. Worshipper : penyembah 7. Reveal : membuka 8. Intersecting lines : garis-garis yang memotong 9. Align : meluruskan 10.Incredible : luar biasa 11.Feat : prestasi 12.Coincide : bertepatan

Passage 4 As far back as 700 B.C people have talked about children being cared for by wolves. Romulus and Remus, the legendary twin founders of Rome, were purported to have been cared for by wolves. According to legend, Mars fathered the two boys. As a result, a relative of their mother imprisoned her and ordered that the boys be drowned in the Tiber River. However a she-wolf saved them from this horrible fate and took them back to her lair to care for them. Legend has it that when a she-wolf loses her litter, she seeks a human child to take its place. This seemingly preposterous idea did not become credible until the late nineteenth century when a French doctor actually found a naked ten-year-old-boy wondering in the wood. He did not walk erect, could not speak intelligible nor he could he relate to people. He only growled and stared at them. Finally the doctor won the boys confidence and began to work with him. After many long years of devoted and patient instruction, the doctor was able to get the boy to clothe and feed himself, recognize and utter a number of words, and write letters and form words.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Purport : mengakui Imprison : memanjarakan Preposterous : tidak masuk akal Credible : dapat dipercaya Naked : telanjang Growl : menggeram Stare : menatap Devote : mengabdikan

BERIKUT MATERI GRAMMAR TOEFL YANG AKAN DIUJIKAN DALAM TES MID BAHASA INGGRIS SEMESTER 3 S1 TI Sebenarnya menguasai Grammar dalam bahasa Inggris tidaklah sulit, tapi sayang sebagian orang sudah menganggap itu sesuatu yang sulit. Bahkan tidak sedikit dari mereka malah membenci Grammar. Asalkan kita punya niat kuat dan punya buku panduan yang baik, menguasai grammar adalah sesuatu yang tidak sukar, bahkan menarik untuk dilakukan. Berikut saya mencoba menulis sejulmah materi Grammar TOEFL untuk anda. Berpikirlah positif! Semoga bermanfaat khususnya buat mahasiswa S1TI STMIK AMIKOM! MATERI 1 : URUTAN SPOK DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS Nama Materi : Urutan SPOK dalam B. Inggris Urutannya adalah : S + P + O + ADV.MANNER + ADV. PLACE + ADV OF TIME

Adv.of manner adalah kata keterangan cara seperti misalnya : loudly, happily, diligently, nicely, dsb. Tapi ada juga beberapa adv.of manner yang tidak memiliki penambahan ly seperti misalnya : fast, hard, dsb. Contoh : They sang the songs happily outside the classroom yesterday. S S S P P P A.M O A.M O A.P A.P A.M A.T A.P A.T A.T I accomplished the homework happily in my bedroom last night. He spoke loudly in this classroom yesterday.

Contoh Salah : I last week met Mr. Arif in the canteen. He brought yesterday a camera to the campus.

MATERI 2 : Penggunaan another, other, dan the other

Other, the other, maupun another memiliki arti yang sama yaitu lain atau yang lain. Tapi penggunaan mereka berbeda. Namun pada prinsipnya aturannya terdiri atas : 1. Mana yang yang diikuti, countable noun mana yang diikuti uncountable noun. Contoh: another hanya dapat diikuti countable noun, sedangkan other dan the other dapat diikuti baik countable maupun uncountable noun. 2. Mana yang diikuti benda tunggal mana yang diikuti benda jamak. Contoh : another diikuti benda tungga, sedangkan other diikuti benda jamak. 3. Mana yang yang bermakna sesuatu yang sudah jelas, mana yang bermakna sesuatu yang belum jelas. Contoh : I dont like this computer. Please give me another computer. ( Aku tidak menyukai computer ini. Mohon beri aku computer yang lain; yang penting computer yang lain tapi tidak jelas yang mana.) I dont like this computer. Please give me the other computer. ( Aku tidak menyukai computer ini. Mohon beri aku computer yang lain; computer yang lain sudah jelas yang mana.) Berikut aturan lengkapnya :

Diikuti Countable noun Another + singular noun = satu yang lain, tapi gak jelas yang lain yang mana, pokoknya satu yang lain. Another pencil = satu pensil lagi The other + singular noun = satu yang lain, sisanya; sudah jelas sisanya itu yang mana. The other pencil = satu pensil yang lain; sudah jelas yang mana Other + plural noun = beberapa yang lain, tapi belum jelas yang mana itu. Other pencils = beberapa pensil yang lain, tapi belum jelas yang mana.

Diikuti Uncountable noun

Other + Uncountable noun = sejumlah yang lain , tapi belum jelas yang mana Other water = sejumlah air yang lain (tapi

belum jelas yang mana) The other + plural noun = beberapa lyang lain, ; sudah jelas itu yang mana. The other pencils =beberapa pensil yang lain, sudah jelas yang mana. The other + Uncountable noun = Sejumlah yang lain, sudah jelas yang mana. The other water = sejumlah air yang lain yang sudah jelas yang mana..

*Tambahan : I dont like these books. Please give me the other books. (benar) I dont like these books. Please give me the others. (benar) I dont like these books. Please give me the others books. (salah)

Jadi other atau the other jika sudah disingkat dengan ditambahi s tidak boleh ditambah lagi kata benda setelahnya. Contoh : others apples salah, yang benar : other apples atau others. The others tools salah, yang benar : the other tools atau the others

MATERI 3 : Collective Noun Beberapa kata benda berikut menunjukkan sejumlah orang atau manusia, tapi kata-kata tersebut dianggap TUNGGAL. Jadi kata-kata tersebut sama dengan kata ganti it. Congress Organization Family Team Jury Group Army Majority* Committee Club

 Minority Class Crowd Public Konsekuensinya karena dianggap tunggal, maka kata kerja atau to be yang mengikutinya harus menyesuaikan : Contoh : -The team is satisfied with the result. The class was noisy yesterday. - The group likes this rule. - The family has left the dangerous areas.

Materi 4 : Reflexive pronouns Reflexive pronouns digunakan ketika sebuah subjek melakukan perbuatan yang terarah pada dirinya sendiri. Misalnya, Aku membeli makanan untuk diriku, maka bahsa inggrisnya I buy food for myself. Dia menyakiti dirinya = He hurts himself. Jadi ada penambahan self/selves pada pronounya. Rumusnya Object/complement pronouns I You (anda ; tunggal) You (kalian; jamak) They We He She It Reflexive pronouns myself yourself yourselves themselves ourselves himself herself Itself

Materi 5 : Parallel Structure Untuk membuat kalimat yang berisi daftar atau urutan maka semua komponenharus parallel. Perhatikan saja contoh-contoh berikut : Not Parallel : Peter is, rich, handsome, and many people like him. Adj adj clause adj Parallel: Peter is rich, handsome, and popular. Adj adj

Not parallel : Mr. Henry is a lawyer, a politician, and he teaches. Noun noun Parallel Nounnoun Not parallel Paralllel clause noun : Mr. Henry is a lawyer, a politician, and a teacher.

: The committee has met, and its decision was reached at. Active Active passive active Materi 6 : Noun Phrase : The committee has met, and it has reached a decision.

Anda tentu pernah mendengar ada aturan bahwa many diikuti countable nouns sedang kan much diikuti uncountable nouns, dst. Perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut : MANY + COUNTABLE NOUNS Many books Many pens Many boys MUCH + UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Much sugar

Much water A FEW + COUNTABLE NOUNS A few girls A few boys A LITTLE + UNCOUNTBLE NOUNS A little money A little salt A little rice A little sugar A LOT OF + COUNTABLE / UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS A lot of teachers A lot of students A lot of sugar A lot of water SOME + COUNTABLE/UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS Some sugar Some rice Some money Some boys Some students

Berikut ini aturannya yang lengkap:

Determiner yang diikuti countable Determiner yang diikuti uncountable noun (kata benda dapat dihitung) noun (kata benda tidak dapat dihitung)

a. a, the, some, any

a. the, some, any

b. this, that, these, those

b. this, that

c. None, one, two, three, .

c. None

d1. Many d2. A lot of d3. A large number of A great number of A great amount of d4. (a) few d5. Fewer than d6. More than

d1. much d2. a lot of d3. a large amount of d4. (a) little d5. less than d6. more than

Desk Apple Cat Sand Rice Information News Measles

Penting!!!

Perhatikan dan pelajarilah daftar Uncountable nouns berikut ini! Nampaknya kata-kata berikut countable tapi kata-kata itu adalah uncountable. Sand Measles News Food Soap Information Economics Air Meat Advertising : pasir : penyakit campak : berita : makanan : sabun : informasi : Ilmu ekonomi : udara : daging : periklanan

Mumps: penyakit gondok

Physics: ilmu fisika

(untuk kata advertisement termasuk countable noun) Perbedaan : Adveritsing berarti periklanan tapi secara umum, Advertisement berarti periklanan tapi secara spesifik. Mathematics : ilmu matematika Politics: politik, ilmu politik Homework Money Water Sugar Geography Atmosphere Soup Hydrogen : pekerjaan rumah (PR) : uang : air : gula : ilmu geografi : suasana, lapisan udara : sop : Hidrogen

*Tambahan : Ingat bahwa uncountable noun selalu dianggap tunggal sehingga ia sama dengan kata ganti it. Konsekuensinya to be atau kata kerja yang mengikuti harus menyesuaikan. Contoh :

His mumps is very severe. The news makes me nervous. Her measles has been cured.

Tambahan* Umumnya untuk menjadikan suatu kata benda tunggal menjadi jamak adalah dengan penambahan s atau es. Contoh , chair menjadi chairs pen menjadi pens, dst. Akan tetapi ada beberapa kata benda yang tidak sesuai aturan dalam perubahannya dari tunggal menjadi jamak. Berikut daftarnya ;

Tunggal

Jamak

Person Foot Child Mouse Tooth

Personsatau.. people Feet children Mice Teeth

*Catatan*, Bebebrapa uncountable nouns seperti food, money, dan sand kadang juga digunakan sebagai countable nouns yaitu ketika mengindikasikan jenis-jenis dari bendabenda itu yang berbeda-beda. Contoh : This is one of the foods that my doctor has forbidden me to eat. (mengindikasikan satu tipe makanan tertentu) He studies meats. (misalnya, beef / daging babi, pork / daging babi, lamb / daging domba, dsb.) Materi 7 : Penggunaan, hardly, barely, seldom, never dsb. Semua kata-kata tersebut bermakna negatif. Jadi dalam bahasa Inggris tidak benar jika sudah menggunakan kata-kata tersebut tapi masih menggunakan kata not.

Hardly = hampir tidak Barely = hampir tidak Rarely = jarang Seldom = jarang Never = tidak pernah

Benar John rarely comes to class on time. Jerry hardly studied last night. I never meet him.

Salah John does not rarely come to class on time. Jerry did not hardly studied last night. I do not never meet him.

Materi 8 : (Must + Perfective) Rumus : S + must + have = V3 Rumus diatas untuk menyatakan sebuah kesimpulan logis tentang sebuah peristiwa terkait dengan peristiwa sebelumnya. Contoh : The grass is wet. It must have rained last night. Rumputnya basah sekarang. Pasti hujan tadi malam. Jane did the exam very well. She must have studied. Jane mengerjakan ujian dengan sangat baik. Dia pasti belajar sebelumnya. Sandra failed the test. She must not have studied. Sandra gagal dalam tes. Dia pasti tidak belajar sebelumnya.

Materi 9 : (Modal Auxiliaries) MODAL AUXILIARIES

PRESENT TENSE will can may shall must (have to)

PAST TENSE would (used to) could might should (ought to) (had better) (had to)

Rumus : S S Contoh :

+ +

Modal Auxiliary Modal Auxiliary

+ +

V1 bersih Not + V1

He can swim. (benar) Salah : He can swims. He must come here soon. Salah : He must to come. He may meet you tonight. (benar) Salah : He may meeting you.

Materi 9 : Present Future Untuk menyatakan suatu rencana perbuatan yang akan dilakukan di waktu yang akan dating ada 2 rumus utama:
1. S + will + V1 (ini digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana yang munculnya rencana

itu ketika sedang berbicara.)

I will eat lunch in Numani Restaurant later. I will drink tea later. I will sleep here tonight.

2. S + WILL BE + Ving (Ini digunakan untuk menyatakan rencana yang rencana

itu sudah dibuat matang sebelumnya)

-

I will be teaching tomorrow, so I cant go with you. I will be finishing my paper tonight, so please dont come to my house tonight.

Atau digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang terjadi, di suatu titik waktu yang akan dating. Contoh ketika kita akan mengatakan : Jangan telpon aku jam 8, karena aku pas lagi(sedang) kuliah pada jam itu. = Dont phone me at eight because I will be attending a class at that time.

Materi 10 : Dangling Modifier

Mana yang benar? 1. After closing the door, he went to bed directly. 2. After closing the door, the bell rang soon. Tentu yang benar adalah yang nomor satu. Karena yang nomor satu terjadi keseimbangan makna : Setelah menutup pintu dia langsung pergi tidur. Sedangkan yang nomor 2 terjadi kejanggalan makna : Setelah menutup pintu, bell berbunyi. Mana yang benar? a. Before singing the school song, a poem was recited.
b. Before singing the school song, the students recited a poem. c. Guiding us through the museum, a special explanation was given by the director.

d. Guiding us through the museum, the director gave us a special explanation. Yang benar adalah yang b dan d. Materi 11 : Penggunaan because dan because of Rumus :
1. Because + S + P

Contoh : I come here because I like you. He slept because he was sleepy.

2. Because of + Noun/ Noun Phrase

I come here because of one reason. He is angry because of you.

Materi 12 : Elliptic Structure Perhatikan contoh kalimat-kalimat berikut ! Rumus : 1. S + to be / kata bantu + too (positif) My mother is sick. I am sick too. I am too. They are tired. We are too. She is arrogant. Her husband is too.

2. So + to be/ kata bantu + S (positif) My father is sick. So am I. They are tired. So are we. She is arrogant. So is her husband.

3. S + to be / kata bantu + not + either (negative)

My mother is not sick. I am not either. They are not tired. We arent either. She is not arrogant. Her husband isnt either.

4. Neither + to be/kata ganti + S (negative) My father is not sick. Neither am I. They are not tired. Neither are we. She is not arrogant. Neither is her husband. Materi 13 : Subjunctive Berikut adalah daftar kata kerja Subjunctive 1. advise 2. ask 3. command 4. decree 5. demand 6. insist 7. move 8. order 9. prefer 10. propose 11. recommend 12. request 13. require 14. stipulate 15. suggest 16. urge Rumus subjunctive :

S + KATA SUBJUNCTIVE (TENSES APAPUN) + THAT + S + K.KERJA BERSIH Kata kerja bersih artinya kata kerja itu tidak mengalami imbuhan apapun baik s, ing, to, ed, dsb. Contoh : Perhatikan kata kata yang digaris bawahi, karena kata-kata itu masuk dalam rumus subjunctive sehingga kkata-kata itu bersih tidak ada penambahan apapaun. We urge that he leave now. The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking We proposed that he take a vacation. The judge insisted that the jury return a verdict immediately.

Materi 14 : Question dan Embedded Question Dalam pertanyaan selalu digunakan kata kerja Bantu atau to be sebelum subjek. Contoh : Are you sad? Is he tall? Why are they angry? What do you eat? What will we get? Etc

Selalu beriringan to be / kata kerja Bantu + subject Penting*Embedded Questions : Adalah sebuah pertanyaan yang terdapat dalam sebuah kalimat lain ; kalimat positive, negative, atau interrogative. Pelajari susunannya. Rumusnya :

Subject +

verb (phrase) + question word + verb

Pelajari contoh-contoh berikut ! Question : Where is your house. Embedded Question : I dont know where your house is. Question : Who are you? Embedded Question : I want to know who you are. Question : Where will he go? Embedded Question : I dont know where he will go. Question : What can he make? Embedded Question : I know what he can make. The professor said that the students could

Materi 8
TENSES

Materi tenses merupakan materi dasar bahasa Inggris yang harus dikuasai dengan baik oleh setiap pembelajar bahasa Inggris. Materi ini sebenarnya tergolong mudah manakala seorang pembelajar memahami dengan baik dasar-dasar nya. Materi ini juga merupakan materi yang sering di ujikan dalam tes TOEFL. Materi tenses di sini meliputi : 1. Simple present tense 2. Present continuous 3. Simple past tense 4. Present perfect Simple Present Tense

Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kalimat yang terjadi di waktu sekarang, kebiasaan, atau kebiasaan. Rumusnya
S + VERB1(s/es)

Contoh : 1. I need you. 2. He smiles at me. 3. They drink coffee every morning.

DAN
S + am / is / are K.Keterangan / K. Benda Contoh : 1. I am hungry. 2. She is at home. 3. We are farmers. + K.Sifat /

Present Continuous Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang benar-benar sedang terjadi di waktu sekarang. Rumusnya
S + am / is / are + Verb ing Contoh : 1. I am waiting for her. 2. He is working. 3. They are playing games.

Perhatikan* Beberapa kata kerja berikut tidak pernah dapat digunakan sebagai verb dalam kalimat present progressive : Know : mengetahui Understand : memahami Have : mempunyai Believe: mempercayai Hate : membenci Need : membutuhkan Hear : mendengar Love : mencintai Appear : nampak

See Like Seem Smell Want Taste Wish Sound Own

: melihat : suka : Kelihatan : berbau : ingin : terasa : berharap : bersuara : memiliki

Jadi kita tidak dapat mengatakan I am having a new house. He is believing me. Dst. Yang benar I have a new house. He believes me Namun kadang kala kata-kata diatas ditemui dalam bentuk ing,tapi itu dalam penggunann lain, atau bermakna lain. Contoh : 1. Owning a car now will help us to travel everyday. own ditambah ing karena own sebagai subjek sehingga harus dibendakan yaitu dengan menambah ing. Sering kali present continuous juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang benar-benar sudah direncanakan untuk dilakukan!!! Contoh : 1. George is leaving for France tomorrow. 2. Henry is walking to school tomorrow. 3. We are flying to Venezuela next month. Exercise : simple present vs present progressive Choose either the simple present or present progressive in the following sentences. 1. Something (smell) very good. 2. We (eat) dinner at seven oclock tonight. 3. He (practice) the piano every day. 4. They (drive) to school tomorrow. 5. I (believe) you. 6. Maria .(have) a cold. 7. Jorge (swim) right now. 8. John (hate) smoke. 9. Jill always (get) up at 6: 00 AM. 10. Jerry (mow) the lawn now. *Tambahan Apabila kita ingin mengatakan kalimat present continuous yang berpredikat complement maka rumusnya: - Aku sedang sakit.

Bahasa Inggris kaku nya : I am being sick. Tapi itu tidak lazim. Yang lazim adalah : I am sick now. Dia sedang capek. He is being tired. (tidak lazim) He is tired now. (lazim) Mereka sedang di rumah. They are being at home. (tidak lazim) They are at home. (lazim) Jadi rumusnya adalah sama dengan simple present tense : S + AM/IS/ARE + C

Simple Past Tense Digunakan untuk mnyatakan kejadian yang terjadi pada one specific time di waktu lampau. Rumusnya
S + Verb2 Contoh : 1. John went to Spain last year. 2. Mark washed the dishes after the dinner. 3. We drove to the grocery store last night.

DAN
S + was / were + K.sifat / k. keterangan / k. benda Contoh : 1. I was tired yesterday. 2. They were angry this morning. 3. She was here last night.

Present perfect Rumusnya

S + have /has + v3

Digunakan untuk :

(1) Sebuah perbuatan yang terjadi di suatu waktu di waktu lampau, tapi kapan waktunya tidak dipermasalahkan / tidak diketahui secara jelas (fokusnya bukan pada kapan waktu lampau itu tapi pada perbuatan dan akibatnya). Dalam bahasa Indonesia artinya telah. John has traveled around the world. (kita tidak tahu kapan waktunya) John telah mengadakan perjalanan mengelililngi dunia. (2) Sebuah perbuatan yang terjadi lebih dari sekali di waktu lampau. (telah) George has seen this movie three times. George telah menonton film ini tiga kali. (3) Sebuah perbuatan di waktu lampau dan wasih terjadi sekarang. (telah) John has lived in the same house for twenty years. John has lived in the same house since 1982. For* Penggunaan for + lama waktu ; for five years, for three weeks ,etc. Since*Penggunaan since + mulai waktu kejadian ; since 1880. since January, etc. Tambahan* Untuk present perfect tidak dibenarkan menggunakan keterangan waktu lampau, seperti last week, last night, yesterday etc. Kalau mau diberi keterangan waktu, keterangan waktunta berupa present ; now, today, at this time, etc. Contoh : He has bought a dictionary yesterday. (SALAH) Ha has bought a dictionary now. (BENAR) Exercise ; Present perfect Vs Simple Past 1. 2. 3. 4. John(write) his report last night. Bob.(see) this movie before. Jorge(read) the newspaper already. Mr. Johnson (work) in the same place for thirty-five years, and he is not planning to retire yet. 5. We .(begin;negative) to study for the test yet. 6. George ..(go) to the store at ten oclock this morning. 7. Joan . (travel) around the world. 8. Betty .(write) a letter last night. 9. Guillermo .(call) his employer yesterday. 10. We (see;negative) this movie yet.