INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SAHEB JEET SINGH ROLL NO. 117044

TERM PAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS OF PGDIM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I have taken efforts in this TERM PAPER. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.

I am highly indebted to Mrs. SANGEETA DODRAJKA for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.

I would like to express my gratitude towards member of PGDIM for their kind co-operation and encouragement which helped me in completion of this project.

My thanks and appreciations also go to all other individuals in developing the term paper and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Information technology is playing an increasingly important role in the work and personal lives of citizens. Computers, communications, digital information, softwarethe constituents of the information ageare everywhere. Between those who search aggressively for opportunities to learn more about information technology and those who choose not to learn anything at all about information technology, there are many who recognize the potential value of information technology for their everyday lives and who realize that a better understanding of information technology will be helpful to them. This realization is based on several factors:

Information technology has entered our lives over a relatively brief period of time with little warning and essentially no formal educational preparation for most people. Many who currently use information technology have only a limited understanding of the tools they use and a (probably correct) belief that they are underutilizing them. Many citizens do not feel confident or in control when confronted by information technology and they would like to be more certain of themselves. There have been impressive claims for the potential benefits of information technology, and many would like to realize those benefits. There is concern on the part of some citizens that changes implied by information technology embody potential risks to social values, freedoms or economic interests, etc., obligating them to become informed.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TECHNOLOGY A DEFINITION INFORMATION TECHYNOLOGY IN BRIEF HISTORY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY AND GROWTH INDUSTRY SECTOR STANDARDS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY SECTOR STANDARDS SCOPE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CONTRIBUTION OF IT SECTOR IN GDP CHALLENGES AND POSITIVES DEPENDNCY ON THE US INDIAN IT FIRMS RUPEE APPRECIATION AND FII IT SEZS DIVERSIFICATION IN THE VERTICALS TELECOM AND 3G DOMESTIC MARKET WIPRO A CASE STUDY ACHIEVEMENTS OF WIPRO FINANCIALS WIPRO WITH THE SIX SIGMA WHAT IS SIX SIGMA EVOLUTION OF THE SIX SIGMA AT WIPRO PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF SIX SIGMA o BUILD THE CULTURE o PROJECT SELECTION o TRAINING o RESOURCES o PROJECT REVIEWS SIX SIGMA CONSULTANCIES AT WIPRO BENEFITS FROM SIX SIGMA FUTURE FOCUS AND CHALLENGES

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY A DEFINITION

We use the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry or also known as IT sector. In actuality, information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. In some companies, this is referred to as Management Information Services (or MIS) or simply as Information Services (or IS).

The information technology department of a large company would be responsible for storing information, protecting information, processing the information, transmitting the information as necessary, and later retrieving information as necessary.

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BRIEF

IT is the area of managing technology and spans wide variety of areas that include but are not limited to things such as processers, computer systems, information systems, computer hardware, programming languages and data constructs. In short, anything that renders data, information or perceived knowledge in any visual format whatsoever, via any multimedia distribution mechanism, is considered part of the IT domain. IT provides businesses with four sets of core services to help execute the business strategy: business process automation, providing information, connecting with customers, etc. IT professionals perform a variety of functions (IT Disciplines/Competencies) that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems. Information technology is starting to spread further than the conventional personal computers and network technologies, and more into integrations of other technologies such as the use of cell phones, televisions, automobiles, and more, which is increasing the demand for such jobs. The Worldwide IT services revenue totalled $763 billion in 2009.

HISTORY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

In relative terms, it wasn't long ago that the Information Technology department might have consisted of a single Computer Operator, who might be storing data on magnetic tape, and then putting it in a box down in the basement somewhere. The history of information technology is fascinating!

In the recent past, the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology and the Association for Computing Machinery have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards for degrees in
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Information Technology as a distinct field of study as compared to Computer Science and Information Systems today. SIGITE (Special Interest Group for IT Education) is the ACM working group for defining these standards 2009.

TECHNOLOGICAL CAPACITY AND GROWTH

Based on a global inventory of the world's IT capacity, Hilbert and Lopez identify the exponential pace of technological change and machine applications - specific capacity to compute information per capita has roughly doubled every 14 months between 1986-2007; the per capita capacity of the worlds general-purpose computers has doubled every 18 months during the same two decades; the global telecommunication capacity per capita doubled every 34 months; the worlds storage capacity per capita required roughly 40 months to double (every 3 years); and per capita broadcast information has doubled roughly every 12.3 years.

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INDUSTRY SECTOR STANDARDS

Industry Sectors are an integral part of education reform initiatives and the systems approach to learning by linking academics to the real world of work. Industry sectors are designed to better align career path coursework with the current and projected employment opportunities in specific career fields. Industry sectors create the linkage between what students learn in the classroom to what they need to know when making informed career choices, and provide students the opportunity for career awareness and exploration of careers in industry. The fifteen most prominent industry sectors reflected in the California economy are: Agriculture and Natural Resources; Arts, Media and Entertainment; Building Trades and Construction; Energy and Utilities; Engineering and Design; Fashion and Interiors; Finance and Business; Health and Human Services; Hospitality, Tourism and Recreation; Manufacturing and Product Development; Public and Private Education Services; Public Services; Retail and Wholesale Trade; Transportation; and Information Technology.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OCCUPATIONS

The four career path clusters in the Information Technology industry sector are based on research and align occupational opportunities projected by government and employment agencies. According to the California Employment Development Department Labour Market Info, five of the top ten occupations are related to the Information Technology industry sector. Included in this document are two listings of related occupations: (1) O Net Occupations by Career Path and (2) Occupational Specializations by Career Path 2.

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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY SECTOR STANDARDS

The purpose of the industry sector standards is to ensure that standards are consistent with industry practices and that these educational programs prepare students for entry into a career field, as well as prepare them for postsecondary education. Focus groups consisting of educators, business partners and academic administrators were established to review the current state and national guidelines on industry sector standards. The objective of the focus group was to review and determine the appropriate state skill standards for the Information Technology industry sector. After the focus group determined their expectations for the standards, the standards were posted on the Business Education Resource Consortium website for field review. After input from the field, the standards were finalized.

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SCOPE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

The Indian information technology sector has been instrumental in driving the nations economy onto the rapid growth curve. According to the Nasscom-Deloitte study, the IT/ITES industrys contribution to the countrys GDP has increased to a share of 5.2 percent in 2007, as against 1.2 percent in 1998.

Further, the IT and BPO industries are poised to clock revenues worth US$ 64 billion by the end of fiscal year 2008, registering a growth of 33 per cent with exports expected to cross US$ 40 billion and the domestic market estimated to clock over US$ 23 billion, according to a study. Simultaneously, the Indian IT services market is estimated to remain the fastest growing in the Asia Pacific region with a CAGR of 18.6 per cent.

Indias IT growth in the world is primarily dominated by IT software and services such as Custom Application Development and Maintenance (CADM), System Integration, IT Consulting, Application Management, Infrastructure Management Services, Software testing, Service-oriented architecture and Web services.

CONTRIBUTION OF IT SECTOR IN GDP

The information technology (IT) industry has increased its contribution to the country's GDP from 1.2 per cent in 1997-98 to 5.2 per cent in 2006-07, according to a Nasscom-Deloitte study.

The report, titled Indian IT Industry: Impacting the Economy and Society, further says that export earnings in 2007-08 will hit $40 billion, a growth of 36 per cent. Meanwhile, direct employment is

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expected to be 2 million in 2007-08, growing at a CAGR of 26 per cent in the last decade.

The report, while bringing forth the contribution of the IT/ITeS sector, points out that the industry has been the trigger for many 'firsts' and has contributed not only to unleashing the hitherto untapped entrepreneurial potential of the middle class but also taking Indian excellence to the global market.

CHALLENGES AND POSITIVES

In the recent past we have seen that the Globalization 3.0 has resulted in Outsourcing and Off-shoring spreading to various other countries like China,Vietnam, Philippines and the Eastern European countries.

In the wake of such competition can we still remain competitive? The answer is pretty much yes. We know that our assets are the talented pool of people who are not only competent technically but also linguistically better at English compared to the other competitors. Also the government support, labor pool, infrastructure, educational system, cost, political and economic environment, cultural compatibility, global and legal maturity, and data and intellectual property security and privacy give Indian IT companies and edge. But contradicting this is the Nasscom survey, which states that majority of the graduates coming out of the colleges today are unemployable. We need to introduce training programs in colleges to train the talent pool of students not only technically but also on soft skills. The training should also be imparted to the faculty to generate a better equipped talent force. These measures have already being taken by the IT companies, which also helps in reducing the training costs incurred by the IT companies after recruitment.

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Dependency on the US: In the wake of the Sub-Prime crisis

and subsequent economic recession in the US, the companies there started cutting down costs and one of them being IT expenditures. Because the majority of the IT companies in India have an export driven business model and majority of it is to the US, the companies have been facing a lot of heat. Some of the clients of these IT companies have gone bankrupt; some others have incurred heavy losses (Citigroup, Bear Sterns, and HSBC etc.) The IT companies should therefore explore options in Europe, the western Asia and Asia-Pacific and reduce direct dependency on the US.

Though it seems paradoxical but recession in the US is only going to make the Industries over there outsource more, primarily to reduce their costs by efficient application of IT, cheaper labor and cost effectiveness.

Indian IT firms outsourced and Off-shored! : It

is observed that competitive markets have emerged in Latin America, Eastern Europe and South East Asia. Moreover there are emerging economies present in these areas like Brazil, Russia etc. The IT companies have already forayed in these countries for two primary reasons: First, it provides them to take advantages of costeffectiveness in these areas due to new talent pool, Lower wages and greater advantage by making their exports cheaper and competitive. Second, places like Mexico have emerged as a major outsourcing and offshore development centre for the IT companies due to the proximity to their major business clientele in the USA. This not only provides costeffectiveness, but also helping the client in round the clock service providing environment.

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Rupee Appreciation and FII: In the wake of US crisis it

was observed that the rupee appreciated due to the weakened US economy, Federal bank interest cuts and subsequent FII inflows in the country. Due to this IT companies in India incurred lower profit margins. On the flipside it surely gave them a wake-up call to effectively utilize the resources and bench strength. FII inflows and FDI in the IT sector surely helps in rolling out further expansion plans but excess FII also make the exports incompetent. So the govt. should take steps to manage excess FII inflows into the country and hedge the export driven sectors against the rupee appreciation.

IT SEZs: To

further make the IT fraternity competitive, the govt.

should take steps to develop IT Sezs. This will reduce the excess tax burden on these IT companies. Moreover STPI (Software Technology Parks of India) have already enabled the IT companies and new start ups to carry out the documentation and licensing and tax payment hassles through a single window system. Moreover the govt. should also relax norms for DTA (domestic Tariff Areas) to promote IT spending in the country itself at a lesser cost leading to development of the country.

Diversification in Verticals: In the wake of US crisis, one

of the Indian IT company suffered major drop in profits because majority of its clientele in the BFSI (Banking Financial Sector and Insurance). This was the sector which took the brunt of the recession. And the company BFSI clients cut down on their IT spending leading to lower profits. Thus the companies should balance their presence in various verticals which will surely make them immune to unforeseen events.

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Telecom and 3G: The roll out of 3G of mobile phones in India

should be seen as a positive development for the IT companies. In the long run it is going to provide basic communication facilities in the rural areas of the country. Unlike the US where 3G brings luxury, In India it is going to provide basic communication and broadband access to the rural youth. This will result in dissemination of information and creating further talent pool for the country. We have already seen the IT industry moving to Tier-II and Tier-III cities to tap local talent and maintain costeffectiveness. Moreover Growth in Telecom industry also demands greater IT application in terms of VAS (Value Added Services), Telecom Billing Solutions, IVRS etc.

Domestic Markets: Dalian in China has been growing as the

major IT hub there. If actually compared Chinas IT spending is five times that of India, most of it being domestically. This could be also seen in the organization of retail sector in China showcasing the presence of Retail majors like Wal-Mart there. Hence IT companies should also focus more on the domestic markets with major projects lining up inside the country as well for instance the Railways ERP project, the BSNL systems integration, networking projects, IT work from ministry of finance and private telecom companies, banks and others are offering multiyear contracts that are over US$ 100 million. Moreover multinationals have been lining up in India further strengthening the IT growth in India.

Capgemini, Europes largest consulting and computer services firm is gradually moving its internal support services to India.

After sourcing IT applications from some IT firms last year Wal-Mart will now expand its existing operations given Indias impressive IT capability to cover more firms and augment its work in the United States.

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Intel-the globally renowned chip maker is looking to invest more than

US$ 1 billion in India over the next three years in partnership with Indian and foreign hardware firms to prepare light weight personal computers.

Cisco posted

over 100 per cent year-on-year growth in its SME

business in India.

Oracle is expecting over

100 per cent growth in India for its CRM

business on the back of increased technology awareness and need for cost-effective customer servicing.

Yahoo! Inc and Tata Sons subsidiary firm Computational Research Laboratories (CRL) have entered into a joint agreement to make available-EKA, a
supercomputer (the fourth fastest) in the world for cloud computing research in India.

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Dell India witnessed 80 per cent sales over last year with revenues to
the tune of US$ 700 million.

ARM: Worlds leading chip designer firm is expanding its India design
centre to make it the largest outside Britain. IT biggies like Microsoft, IBM, Cisco, Oracle and a host of other IT entities are working overtime to tap the smaller and medium businesses.

Conclusion: Thus we observe that the Indian IT industry has been

facing some challenges but if effective steps are taken then it will surely help it to remain competitive in the future as well.

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WIPRO
Wipro Technologies is a global services provider delivering technology-driven business solutions. Wipro is the No.1 provider of integrated business, technology and process solutions on a global delivery platform. Azim Premji is the Chairman of Wipro Technologies. He took over the mantle of leadership of Wipro at the age of 21 in 1966. Under his leadership, the fledgling US$ 2 million hydrogenated cooking fat company has grown to a US$1.76 billion IT Services organization serving customers across the globe. Wipro is presently ranked among the top 100 Technology companies in the world. It has 66,000+ employees, serves 592 clients, and has 46 development centres across globe. Wipro provides complete range of IT Services to the organization. The range of services extends from Enterprise Application Services (CRM, ERP, e-Procurement and SCM) to e-Business solutions. Wipro's enterprise solutions serve a host of industries such as Energy and Utilities, Finance, Telecom, and Media and Entertainment.

Top Information Technology Services Companies by Market Cap

Company Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Tata Consultancy Services Ltd. Wipro, Ltd. Wipro, Ltd. HCL Technologies Ltd. HCL Technologies Ltd.

Symbol TCS.NS TCS.BO WIPRO.NS WIPRO.BO HCLTECH.NS HCLTECH.BO

Price 1,037.30 1,037.50 340.80 340.70 409.15 408.30

Change 2.28% 2.15% 1.96% 2.08% 0.24% 0.43%

Market Cap N/A 2.03T N/A 831.31B N/A 280.56B

P/E N/A 944.04 N/A 15.75 N/A 17.29

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ACIEVEMENTS OF WIPRO

First Indian IT Service Provider to be awarded Gold-Level Status in Microsoft's Windows Embedded Partner Program. World's largest independent R&D Services Provider. World's 1st PCMM Level 5 software company. World's 1st IT Services Company to use Six Sigma. The first to get the BS15000 certification for its Global Command Centre. Among the top 3 offshore BPO service providers in the world. Only Indian company to be ranked among the 'Top 10 Global Outsourcing Providers' in the IAOP-Fortune Global 100 listings. First company in the world to be certified in BS 7799 (2002) security standards.

WIPRO.NS vs. Industry Leaders

Statistic Market Capitalization P/E Ratio (ttm) PEG Ratio (ttm, 5 yr expected) Revenue Growth (Qtrly YoY) EPS Growth (Qtrly YoY) Long-Term Growth Rate (5 yr) Return on Equity (ttm) Long-Term Debt/Equity (mrq) Dividend Yield (annual)

Industry Leader TCS.NS AVV.L SREV NBS.AX SYKE ISS SPIN.PK N/A 2,780.63 17.51 621.00% 338.80% 38.00% 65.92%

WIPRO.NS N/A N/A

WIPRO.NS Rank 3 / 198 40 / 198 N/A

18.10% 0.40% N/A 23.01% 23.704

65 / 198 61 / 198 N/A 16 / 198 N/A N/A

MNDO

18.40%

N/A

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FINANCIALS
Wipro Limited saw a whooping growth in terms of its revenue which soared up by 450% from 2002 to 2007. In the quarter ended September 30, 2009, the IT Services business of Wipro Ltd. reported revenue of `49.96 billion with a growth rate of 5% YoY. It also recorded PBIT of ` 11.87 billion with a growth rate of 19% YoY. During the quarter, the operating income to the revenue was 23.8%. During the quarter, Wipro Ltd. also added 37 new clients to its list. Currently (as of September 30, 2009), Wipro has employee strength of 97,891.

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WIPRO WITH THE SIX SIGMA POLICY

Wipro has one of the most mature Six Sigma programs in the industry ensuring that 91% of the projects are completed on schedule, much above the industry average of 55%. Six Sigma provides the tools for continuous improvement on existing processes thereby helping sustain the SEI-CMM Level 5 and CMMi certifications.

WHAT IS SIX SIGMA?

The word is a statistical term that measures how far a given process deviates from perfection. Six Sigma is named after the process that has six standard deviations on each side of the specification window. It is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects. The central idea behind Six Sigma is that if you can measure how many defects you have in a process, you can systematically figure out how to eliminate them and get as close to zero defects as possible. Six Sigma starts with the application of statistical methods for translating information from customers into specifications for products or services being developed or produced. Six Sigma is the business strategy and a philosophy of one working smarter not harder. One sigma gives a precision of 68.27%., two sigma, of 95.45% and three sigma of 99.73%, whereas Six Sigma gives a precision of 99.9997%.Although 99.73% sounds very good, it slowly dawned on companies that there is a tremendous difference between 99.73% and 99.9997%. For example, for every million articles of mail, the difference is between 66,738 lost items and 3.4 lost items. To achieve Six Sigma Quality, a process must produce no more that 3.4 defects per million opportunities. An opportunity is defined as a chance for non-conformance, or not meeting the required specifications. This means one needs to be nearly flawless in executing key processes. The process and culture is conditioned for zero defects rather than being one that accepts that it is inevitable, and acceptable, that mistakes will occur. Hence Six Sigma delivers substantial cost reductions, enhanced efficiencies, sustainable improvements and increased stakeholder value.
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EVOLUTION OF SIX SIGMA AT WIPRO

Wipro is the first Indian company to adopt Six Sigma. Today, Wipro has one of the most mature Six Sigma programs in the industry ensuring that 91% of the projects are completed on schedule, mush above the industry average of 55%. As the pioneers of Six Sigma in India, Wipro has already put around ten years into process improvement through Six Sigma. Along the way, it has scaled Six Sigma ladder, while helping to roll out over 1000 projects. The Six Sigma program spreads right across verticals and impacts multiple areas such as project management, market development and resource utilization. Six Sigma at Wipro simply means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. It is an umbrella initiative covering all business units and divisions so that it could transform itself in a world class organization. At Wipro, it means: (i) Have products and services meet global benchmarks (ii) Ensure robust processes within the organization (iii) Consistently meet and exceed customer expectations (iv) Make Quality a culture within.

PROBLEMS FACED BY WIPRO IN IMPLEMENTATION

Difficulties encountered by Wipro and learning from them:

Build the Culture: Implementation of Six Sigma required support

from the higher level managers. It meant restructuring of the organization to provide the infrastructure, training and the confidence in the process. Wipro had to build this culture and that took time in implementation.
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Project selection: The first year of deployment was extremely

difficult for Six Sigma success. They decided to select the project on the basis of high probability of their success and targeted to complete them in a short period to assess the success. These projects were treated as pilot projects with a focus to learn. For the selection of the right project the field data was collected, process map was developed and the importance of the project was judged from the eyes of customers.

Training: After the set up, the first step of implementation was to build
a team of professionals and train them for various stages of Six sigma. The training was spread in five phases: Defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling the process and lastly increasing customer satisfaction. These phases consisted of statistics, bench marking and design of experiments. To find the right kind of people and train them was a difficult job. This motivated Wipro to start their own consultancy to train the people.

Resources: It was difficult to identify resources that required for

short-term basis and long-term basis as it varied from project to project. Wipro did it on the basis of seriousness and importance of the project.

Project Reviews:
As timely reviews play a very crucial role to judge the success of a project. Wipro had to develop a team of experts for this purpose. The task assigned was to see the timeliness, find out gap, week areas and to check the outcome as per the plan.

SIX SIGMA CONSULTANCIES AT WIPRO

Wipros Six Sigma consulting experience has peaked with the indigenous development of new methodologies that it takes to its customers. As Wipro continues Six Sigma consulting journey, it builds on its expertise and experience- to provide enterprise-class coverage of
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topics in business process management and information technology systems integration. The focus is on supporting the project needs and is also integrated with other methods to support process needs. Currently there are over 200 PMI certified consultants at Wipro. The Wipro quality consulting group trains in achieving the precision of Six Sigma with Wipros own methodologies, training capabilities and global experience. Wipro also helps in institutionalizing Six Sigma across the organization for transformation.9 Wipro provides consulting in institutionalizing an organization wide Six Sigma program that specializes in implementation across IT development, production support and core business operations Wipro offers the following Six Sigma consulting services (Exhibit 5):

BENEFITS FROM SIX SIGMA

Six Sigma process resulted in an achievement of close to 250%, 6 minutes for 1 MB transfer and 18 minutes for average data transfer. The set target was 200%. Because quality is customer driven, the objective of Six Sigma Implementation at Wipro has continuously been on integrating and implementing approaches through a simultaneous focus on defect reduction, timeliness, and productivity. This has translated to lower maintenance costs, schedule-overrun costs, and development costs for customers. Measurements and progress indicators have been oriented towards what the customer finds important and what the customer pays for. Improving performance through a precise quantitative understanding of the customers requirements thereby bringing in customer focus. Improving the effectiveness in upstream processes of the software development life cycle by defect reduction (software defects reduced by 50%) and cycle time reduction (rework in software down from 12% to 5%).
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Waste elimination and increased productivity up to 35%. Cost of failure avoidance (installation failures down from 4.5% to 1% in hardware business). Tangible cost savings due to lower application development cost for customer. Analysts remarked that Six Sigma was an indisputable success at Wipro whether in terms of customer satisfaction, improvement in internal performance, or in the improvement of shareowner value. The results of achieving Six Sigma are rapid and overwhelming at Wipro. Its unique methodology provides Six Sigma knowledge and skills to the client, enabling the client to create ownership, generate results and sustain success. The maturity of Wipros quality processes takes the benefits to another level, ensuring that the customers benefit from:

-40% lower total cost of ownership -30% higher productivity -time deliveries (93% projects completed on time)

The performance enhancement enabled the client to have an improved product with the overriding benefit that the end customer perception of the quality of the clients product is improved.

FUTURE FOCUS AND CHALLENGES

Six Sigma certainly produces breakthrough improvement. But to achieve this Wipro will have to combine the power of the Six Sigma method and tools with stretch goals, goals that almost seem too aggressive, too optimistic.. Also Wipro will have to benchmark 11itself against the competition on the level of performance achieved by rivals.. This focus will lead to the adaptation of newer dimensions of the quality management framework towards embodying a totality of process, people, product, and technology for achieving high process capability.
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Six Sigma projects require continuous change. Black Belts and Green belts develop improvements to systems and processes for which they are not accountable. And when these participants are done with their project, they ask the real system or process owner to implement and sustain their solution and hence the challenge before Wipro lies in bringing the commitment towards continuing its process optimization theory. The Challenge will be to transform Six Sigma from a tool for improving product quality to an overall business improvement methodology. The companys aim will be at having 100% of its management trained in Six Sigma. To summarize, the quality system will continue to be based on incremental optimization, with rigorous implementation and sustenance of the same. The goal will be to make quality as the No.1 objective for all employees.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.wikipedia.org www.google.com www.nap.edu.com www.nasscom.in www.iitk.ac.in www.itstartpage.com www.mit.gov.in www.ibef.org

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