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Occupational Health and Safety

Practitioner

Reading

GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES

March 2008

®
Contents
OVERVIEW .....................................................................................................................1

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................2

SECTION 2: LEGAL INFORMATION.............................................................................3

SECTION 3: PRINTED INFORMATION AND VIDEOS .................................................8

SECTION 4: ELECTRONIC INFORMATION ...............................................................15

SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................19

REFERENCES & FURTHER READING.......................................................................20

Published by WorkSafe,
Department of Consumer and
Employment Protection,
PO Box 294, WEST PERTH WA 6872.
Tel: Toll Free 1300 307 877.
Email: institute@worksafe.wa.gov.au

The SafetyLine Institute material has been prepared


and published as part of Western Australia’s
contribution to the National Occupational Health and
® Safety Skills Development Action Plan.
www.worksafe.wa.gov.au/institute

© 2008 State of Western Australia. All rights reserved.

Details of copyright conditions are provided at the SafetyLine Institute website.

Before using this publication, note should be taken of the Disclaimer, which is published at the
SafetyLine Institute website.
READING – GENERAL OSH INFORMATION SOURCES

OVERVIEW

This reading will give you an insight into the types of OSH
resources available and how these can be accessed.

Objectives
After reading this information you should be able to:

• differentiate the type of resources available; and


• identify the documents that will provide the answers to specific
queries.

Authors

Lucy Caminschi Margaret Gabriel


B.A.(Hons) B.Sc.
Grad.Dip.Info. & Libr.Studies Grad.Dip.Info. & Libr.Studies

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Section 1: INTRODUCTION

Glossary of terms
When they are first used, glossary terms are indicated with an
asterisk (*). Make sure that you are familiar with the Glossary of
terms before going any further.

Standard Documents that set out the minimum


requirements for manufactured goods,
processes or procedures

Periodical Publications issued in successive parts


bearing numerical or chronological
designations and intended to be continued
indefinitely.

1.1 Access to OSH information is


essential
Governments have been concerned about the number of deaths
and injuries in the workplace and the social costs to the community
and have sought to reduce the workplace risks to health and safety
in a variety of ways, for instance, by legislation, education and by
providing training.

Workplace injury and disease can be dramatically reduced by


good risk management. In order to have good risk management, it
is essential for the organisation and the workers to have access to
OSH information. There is a wealth of information available in this
field, the problem being how and where to find it. Furthermore,
OSH covers a number of sciences and to find information, it is
necessary to look at a variety of subjects such as occupational
medicine, industrial hygiene, ergonomics and behavioural
sciences.

The aim of this reading is to give an insight into the types of OSH
resources available and how these can be accessed. Hot links to
relevant sites are located in the References and Further Reading
section.

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Section 2: LEGAL INFORMATION

Most of the publications that fall in this category are issued by


regulatory bodies such as the government departments
responsible for administering the legislation, and agencies
responsible for standard setting. More detailed information on
legislation and documents relating to this can be found in other
readings. Examples of relevant documents are as follows:

2.1 Legislation
Western Australia KEY POINT

• Occupational Safety and Health Act The key sources of


1984 information relevant to
occupational safety and
• Occupational Safety and Health health legislation are the
Regulations 1996 Occupational Safety and
Health Act, Occupational
(The above Act and Regulations can be Safety and Health
accessed at www.slp.wa.gov.au ) Regulations, Australian
Standards, Codes of
Practice and Guidance
The corresponding legislation of all the Notes.
other states and territories in Australia
are also available in the WorkSafe WA Library.

National
• Australian Workplace Safety Standards Act 2005
• Australian Workplace Safety Standards Regulations 2005

International
• ILO conventions and recommendations

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2.2 Standards
Standards referred to in the legislation are documents that set out
the minimum requirements for manufactured goods, processes or
procedures. The agencies responsible for setting standards in
Australia are Standards Australia, Australian Safety and
Compensation Council (ASCC) and the National Health and
Medical Research Council (NH&MRC). Examples of international
or other national standards setting bodies are the British Standards
Institute, and the International Standards Organisation. All
standards issued by these bodies can be purchased from their
local offices or their appointed agents. These organisations also
have home pages on the Internet with links to their catalogues and
information on how to place orders online. In the WorkSafe WA
Library we subscribe to Australian Standards online and have
some hard copies in our collection.

National Standards
Standards Australia can be located on the Internet at:
www.standards.com.au

A few of these standards have been adopted in the WA legislation


giving them a legal status under the OSH regulations, for example:

• AS 1319 : 1994 Safety signs for the occupational environment


• AS/NZS 2865 : 2001 Safe working in a confined space

Some examples of Australian standards that are relevant to our


legislation are as follows:

• AS 2444 : 2001 Portable fire extinguishers and fire blankets –


selection and location
• AS/NZS 4576 : 1995 Guidelines for scaffolding
• AS 3850 : 2003 Tilt-up concrete construction

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International Standards
For international standards and their Internet sites go to:

• British Standards Institute: www.bsi-global.com


• International Standards Organisation: www.iso.org
• International Electrotechnical Commission: www.iec.ch

Examples of international standards:

• ISO 6395-1988 Acoustics - measurement of exterior noise


emitted by earth-moving machinery
• ISO 5131-1996 Acoustics - tractors and machinery for
agriculture and forestry - measurement of noise at operator's
position
• BS 7255-2001 Code of practice for safe working on lifts

2.3 Codes of practice


A code of practice is defined in the Act as a document prepared for
the purpose of providing practical guidance on acceptable ways of
achieving compliance with statutory duties and regulatory
requirements. Codes of practice:
• Should be followed, unless there is another solution which
achieves the same or better result and
• Can be used to support prosecution for non-compliance.

Codes of practice may contain explanatory information and are


designed to be used with the relevant act and regulations. Some
of the codes of practice, like the standards, have been adopted in
Western Australian legislation giving them a legal status.

Examples of codes of practice are:

State (Western Australia)


• Code of practice for styrene
• Code of practice for manual handling

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National (Australia)
• Safe use of ethylene oxide in sterilisation/fumigation processes
[NOHSC:2008 (1992)]
• Preparation of material safety data sheets
[NOHSC:2011(2003)]
National codes of practice are no longer available as hard copies
but can be downloaded from the internet. All Western Australian
codes and some of the national publications are available on the
WorkSafe website at www.docep.wa.gov.au/worksafe. All national
publications can be found at www.ascc.gov.au

International (HSE)
• Control of lead at work
• Managing health & safety in construction

International (ILO)
• Safe construction and operation of tractors
• Prevention of major industrial accidents

2.4 Guidance notes


Guidance notes are explanatory documents providing detailed
information on the requirements of legislation, regulations,
standards, codes of practice or matters relating to occupational
safety and health as approved by the Commission.

Examples of guidance notes are:

State (Western Australia)


• The general duty of care in Western Australian Workplaces
• Formal consultative processes at the workplace

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National (Australia)
• Guidance note for the prevention of occupational overuse
syndrome in keyboard employment [NOHSC : 3005 (1996)]
• Guidance note for the assessment of health risks arising from
hazardous substances in the workplace [NOHSC: 3017 (1994)]

International (HSE)
• Managing shift work: Health and safety guidance
• Assessing and managing risks at work from skin exposure to
chemical agents – guidance for employers and health and
safety specialists

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Section 3: PRINTED INFORMATION AND VIDEOS

A number of publications relating to occupational safety and health


written by specialists have become standard textbooks in that field.
Books on occupational medicine, ergonomics, industrial hygiene,
noise and other subjects are widely used to improve workplace
safety and health. Some of those available in the WorkSafe WA
Library are listed below.

3.1 Reference books

Encyclopaedias
(Reference work containing articles on various topics arranged
alphabetically)

• ILO Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety.


Stellman, Jeanne Mager (Eds.) (1998) 4th ed., 4 vols.
International Labour Organization, Geneva.

This is a 4 volume, concise, easy-to-understand reference work on


almost every topic related to occupational safety and health and is
written by specialists. Most articles describe the health hazards
and give an account of the safety measures that should be taken.
The volumes were reprinted in 1998.
This is now also available on internet at http://www.ilocis.org

Glossary
(An alphabetical list with information of technical terms in some
specialised field of knowledge)

• CCH Occupational Health and Safety - glossary. CCH


International (1992). CCH Australia, Sydney.

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Dictionaries
(A reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with
information about them)

• The Macquarie dictionary. Delbridge, A. (Ed.-in-chief) (1985)


Rev. ed. Macquarie Library, NSW

Handbooks
(A book that gives advice and instructions about a particular
subject)

• Handbook of human factors. Gavriel,


Salvendy (Ed.) (1987) John Wiley & Sons,
New York. This book gives detailed
coverage of human factors fundamentals,
equipment and workplace design, design
for health and safety, human factors in
computing systems and more.

• Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.


Clayton, George D. and Clayton, Florence
E.(eds.) John Wiley & Sons, New York.
This is a comprehensive reference and classic guide to the
concepts of industrial hygiene and toxicology. There are
several volumes to the series; volumes that focus on
environmental safety and hazard control, to volumes that deal
with the theory and rationale of industrial hygiene practice.

Textbooks
(A book used by students as a standard work for a particular
branch of study)

• Oxford Textbook of Medicine. Weatherall, D. J., Ledingham, J.


G. G.; Warrell, D.A.(Eds.) (1987) 2nd ed. Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
• Enhancing Occupational Safety and Health. Taylor, Geoff;
Easter, Kelli; Hegney, Roy (2004). Elsevier, Oxford.

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3.2 General books

Occupational Medicine
• Lecture notes on occupational medicine.
Waldron, H.A. (1985), 3rd. Ed. Blackwell
Scientific, Oxford.
• Occupational Medicine. Zenz, C.;
Dickerson, O. Bruce; Horvath, Jr., Edward
P. (eds.) (1994) 3rd ed. Mosby, St. Louis,
Mo.
• A practical approach to occupational and
environmental medicine. McCunney, Robert
J. (Ed.) (1994) 2nd ed. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.
• Occupational health practice. Waldron, H.A. (1989) 3rd ed.
Butterworths, London.
• Practical occupational medicine. Agius, Raymond M. and
Seaton, Anthony (2006) 2nd ed. Hodder Arnold, London

Ergonomics
• Fitting the task to the human. Grandjean,
E., Kroemer, K.H.E (1997). 5th ed. Taylor &
Francis, London.
• A guide to manual materials handling. Mital,
A., Nicholson, A.S., Ayoub, M.M. (1997). 2nd
ed. Taylor & Francis, London.
• Bodyspace: anthropometry, ergonomics
and design. Pheasant, Stephen (1996) 2nd
ed. Taylor & Francis, London.

Industrial Hygiene
• Fundamentals of industrial hygiene. Plog, Barbara A.; Quinlan,
Patricia J. (2002) 5th ed. National Safety Council, USA.
• Air monitoring for toxic exposures: an integrated approach.
Ness, Shirley A. (1991) Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
• Industrial hygiene evaluation methods. Bisesi, Michael S. and
Kohn, James P. (1995) Lewis Publishers, Florida.

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• 2007 TLVs and BEIs based on the documentation of the


threshold limit values for chemical and physical agents and
biological exposure indices. American Congress of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (2007) ACGIH, Cincinnati,
Ohio.
• Exposure standards for atmospheric contaminants in the
occupational environment. National Occupational Health and
Safety Commission (1995) AGPS, Canberra, Australia.

Noise
• Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational noise
exposure, revised criteria 1998. NIOSH (USA) (1998).
USDHHS, Cincinnati Ohio.
• Noise induced hearing loss: basic mechanisms, prevention and
control. Henderson, Don; et al. (2001). NRN Publications,
London.
• Occupational hearing loss. Sataloff, Robert Thayer and
Sataloff,Joseph (2006). 3rd ed. Taylor and Francis, Boca Ratan,
Fla.
• Occupational noise. National standard [NOHSC : 1007(2000)].
National code of practice [NOHSC : 2009 (2004)]. National
Occupational Health and Safety Commission. (2004). 3rd ed.
NOHSC, Canberra, Australia.
• Noise management at work. National Occupational Health and
Safety Commission. (1991). AGPS, Canberra, Australia.
• Handbook of noise induced hearing loss: prevention and
rehabilitation. Barber, Antony (1992). AGPS, Canberra,
Australia.

3.3 Periodicals
Journals are a very good source of up-to-date information because
of the frequency of publication. Information in books takes time to
be written and published whilst journal articles report on more
current issues. Journals also contain useful information in the form
of book reviews, news items and announcements of conferences
and seminars. A number of the international journals are now also
available on-line on the Internet. Journals can either be

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scientific/technical in content or be trade journals carrying


advertisements, product news and one or two feature articles.

There are hundreds of journals available but listed here are a


number of relevant OSH journals available at the WorkSafe library:

State
• Safetyline Magazine - A practical guide to occupational safety
and health published by WorkSafe Western Australia.
(Publication of this has now ceased)

National
• National Safety - Official occupational safety and health journal
of the National Safety Council of Australia. This journal reports
on current issues on safety and health and also carries a lot of
advertisements on safety products, videos, training courses
and other news items.

• Journal of Occupational Health and Safety: Australia and New


Zealand. This is one of the best Australian OSH journals and
is published by CCH Australia. The journal reports on current
research, forthcoming seminars and carries feature articles on
topics of interest in the OSH field, book reviews and comments
by readers.

International
• Health and Safety at Work - U.K. publication very similar to the
Australian Safety News. It is more of a trade journal carrying a
number of advertisements, OSH news in brief and one or two
feature articles.
• Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene - "a
publication for the science of occupational and environmental
health" with special focus on all aspects of industrial hygiene
practice, policy and procedures.
• Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine - the
official journal of the American College of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine. This was formerly known as the
Journal of Occupational Medicine. It presents articles on
occupational and environmental health practice.

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• Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health - a


scientific publication by the Institutes of Occupational Health in
Finland, Denmark, Norway and the National Institute for
Working Life, Sweden. It includes original articles in the field of
occupational safety and health and encourages full-length
discussions of important issues and research.
• Noise Control Engineering Journal - an international publication
by the Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the U.S.A.

3.4 Newsletters
Newsletters are the best sources of up-to-date information about
recent developments in a particular field. Most newsletters report
on current research, new work programs or work practices and
include short articles on topical issues.

Australian Newsletters
• Occupational Health News - a national newsletter on work
health and safety published by Thomson Legal & Regulatory
Ltd.
• OHS bulletin - a guide to workplace health and safety
published Crown Content Pty. Ltd. Includes, in brief, OSH
news around Australia and reports on case studies.

International Newsletters
• Health and safety newsletter - published by HSE, U.K.
• Canadian occupational health & safety news - published by
Business Information Group.

3.5 Bibliographies, indexes and


reading lists
These are convenient access tools to literature. There are many
organisations that produce bibliographies, indexes and abstracts.
Most of these are online services and are only available on a
subscription basis. For instance, the International Occupational

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Safety and Health Information Centre (known as CIS) publishes


bibliographies and indexes on various subjects in the occupational
safety and health field. In the WorkSafe Library we have the
following:

• CIS bibliography on visual display units.


• Bibliography on smoking and health. U.S. Dept. of Health &
Human Services (1985).
• CIS abstracts annual indexes. These contain cumulative
subject index, cumulative chemical citations index and author
index.
• Visual display terminals (VDT). Canadian Centre for
Occupational Health and Safety (1984). An occupational
health and safety bibliography with selected annotations.
• CISDOC (Online) is an index to documents related to safety
and health and published by the International Occupational
Safety and Health Information Centre (CIS)

3.6 Audio-visual materials

There are many safety videos available for education and training
purposes. The WorkSafe WA Library has a collection of more
than 350 videos and DVDs that are available for use by industry
at large. There are videos and DVDs on topics like accident
investigation, construction industry, ergonomics, back care and
other relevant subjects. There is a comprehensive catalogue and
this can be accessed on the Internet at
http://www.docep.wa.gov.au/worksafe. Examples of titles
available from the Library are:

• Accident investigation by SafetyCare Australia


• Office safety by SafetyCare Australia
• Hand and wrist injuries by Vocam
• Confined space entry by Vocam
• Hospitality safety series by Grumpy Films

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Section 4: ELECTRONIC INFORMATION

With the ever-increasing amount of scientific information, it is


virtually impossible to obtain access to all published information.
For this reason, electronic information retrieval has become a
necessity. There are a number of databases available in the field
of occupational safety and health. Some are available on-line,
some on CD-ROMs and some in both versions. Most of these
databases are bibliographic databases but there are many
available now that provide full text information. Most of the discs
are updated every three months. In the WorkSafe WA Library we
subscribe to a few databases on CDs and have access to on-line
databases as well. Nearly all of the on-line database providers
have homepages on the Internet.

4.1 Online databases


There are many occupational safety and health databases
available on-line. For example: Wolters Kluwer, DIALOG and
DataStar services, provide access to more than a 1000 databases,
some of which are useful for research in the area of OSH.
Facilities also exist where orders can be placed for the journal
articles to be faxed or posted once the search has been done.
Most of these databases are now available on the Internet as well.
Some of the databases useful in the occupational safety and
health field are listed below.

• MEDLINE a service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


and the National Institute of Health is one of the major sources
for biomedical literature. Abstracts are taken directly from
published articles and cover such subjects as clinical medicine,
nursing, occupational medicine, toxicology, behavioural and
mental disorders.
• CANCERLIT produced by the International Cancer Research
DataBank Branch of the U.S. National Cancer Institute consists
of bibliographic records referencing cancer research
publications.
• TOXNET – a cluster of databases on toxicology, hazardous
chemicals and related areas is managed by a division of the
National Library of Medicine.

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• TOXLINE covers toxicological effects of chemicals, drugs, and


physical agents on living systems. Some of the areas covered
include adverse drug reactions, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis
and environmental pollution.
• PsycINFO is an abstract database of psychological literature.
The major emphasis is on original research, while case
studies, literature reviews, surveys and discussions are also
covered.
• PubMed - a service of the National Library of Medicine
provides access to over 12 million MEDLINE citations back to
the mid 1960s and additional life science journals. PubMed
includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other
related resources.

OSH-ROM Online
This is an international database for literature searches in the
occupational safety and health field. It is very comprehensive with
more than 1.5 million citations taken from more than 5,000 journals
and over a 100,000 monographs and technical reports. There are
several databases in this service but the four important ones are:

• NIOSHTIC created by US National Institute for Occupational


Safety and Health. It contains nearly 300,000 references to
research reports and information that contribute to the
understanding of occupational safety and health problems.
Subject areas include toxicology, occupational medicine,
epidemiology, pathology, industrial hygiene, ergonomics, and
hazardous wastes.
• HSELINE is from the Health and Safety Executive Information
Services. It contains bibliographic records on subjects that
reflect HSE's wide interests that include: mining, nuclear
technology, explosives, hazardous chemicals, welding,
construction and agriculture.
• CISDOC created by International Occupational Safety and
Health Information Centre (CIS), a unit of the International
Labour Organisation in Geneva. It covers more than 50,000
records on industrial hygiene, accident prevention, safety
engineering, ergonomics and toxicology.
• MHIDAS is a major hazard incident data service from the Major
Hazards Assessment Unit of the UK Health and Safety
Commission.

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CHEMWATCH KEY POINT


This is an online database that provides Those working with
comprehensive chemical information. It chemicals and requiring the
gives access to over a million MSDS relevant material safety
data sheets would use the
and its powerful search engine can CCINFO disc and the
access information on risk assessment, Internet.
emergency response, labelling etc.
Also available on the database are weekly bulletins on the safe
use of chemicals for the safety and health professional.

CCH Occupational Safety & Health Electronic


Library
The two important databases on this CD-ROM are:

• Australian Occupational Health and Safety Law provides


detailed OSH information on Australian legislation,
administration, planning, advisory services as well as new
developments in Australia and overseas.

• Managing Occupational Health & Safety gives practical


guidance on OSH matters confronting the workplace, for
example, information on how to write policies and programmes,
accident investigation, workplace inspections, safety and
health committees, occupational first aid and training to name a
few.

4.3 Internet
The Internet now provides a KEY POINT
number of sites where OSH
Safety officers who want to
information can be accessed. be kept up-to-date with the
This has become a useful tool latest developments in
for obtaining information quickly occupational safety and
health would read journals
and at a low cost. and newsletters, use the
WorkSafe WA has a homepage Internet and follow
on the Internet that has newsgroups.
comprehensive information on occupational safety and health.
WorkSafe also provides links to other sites such as the Health and
Safety Executive in the UK, the Canadian Centre for Occupational

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Safety and Health, the National Institute for Occupational Safety


and Health (US) and many more.

4.4 News/Discussion Groups


More and more safety and health professionals use computers to
find and share information. Currently there are a number of
newsgroups on the Internet that can be utilised to discuss safety
and health issues with people around the world who are experts in
the field. Examples of newsgroups that people can subscribe to
are:

• sci. med. occupational – preventing, detecting & treating


occupational injuries
• sci. engr. safety – all aspects of the safety of engineered
systems
• sci. med – medicine and its related products
• sci. chem. – chemistry and related sciences
• sci. med. diseases. lyme

4.5 Mailing lists


There are more than 200 mailing lists debating relevant topics on
occupational safety and health. A comprehensive list of the
addresses is produced by Canadian Centre for Occupational
Health and Safety. The list is organised alphabetically and is
maintained by the Canadian Centre. This is available at:

www.ccohs.ca/resources/listserv.htm

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SUMMARY

You have been introduced to a variety of information sources in


different formats and you should now be able to differentiate
between the types of resources available for your search needs.
You should also be able to identify the type of documents that will
provide the best answers to your queries.

This is just an overview of the sources of OSH information


available from the WorkSafe WA Library. There is much more
information on OSH which would be available from various
institutions, universities, research centres, government
departments and also on the Internet.

Your feedback
WorkSafe is committed to continuous improvement. If you take
the time to complete the online Feedback Form at the SafetyLine
Institute website you will assist us to maintain and improve our
high standards.

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REFERENCES & FURTHER READING

ANSTO (1991) Information 1991. AGPS, Canberra.

DELBRIDGE, A. (1985) The Macquarie dictionary. Rev. ed.


Macquarie Library, New South Wales.

PANTRY, Sheila (1995) Occupational health. Chapman & Hall,


London.

PARMEGGIANI, L. (Ed.) (1993) ILO Encyclopaedia of


occupational health and safety. 3rd rev. ed. International Labour
Organization, Washington, DC.

RUDGE, Lisette M. (1993) Casson's occupational health and


safety in Australia. 3rd rev. ed. Techpress, Adelaide.

SILVERPLATTER INTERNATIONAL N.V. (1995) 1995


SilverPlatter directory : a guide to a worldwide library. SilverPlatter
Information Inc., Norwood, MA.

SLOTE, Lawrence (1987) Handbook of occupational safety and


health. Wiley-Interscience, New York.

VERNON, Ken (1986) Library and Information Services of


management development institutions. ILO, Geneva.

WORK HEALTH AUTHORITY (N.T.) (1993) Information resources


handbook. Govt. Printer, Darwin.

Internet links
Further information is available at:

• British Standards Institute – www.bsi-global.com


• Business Publishers (USA) – www.bpinews.com
• International Electrotechnical Commission – www.iec.ch
• International Standards Organisation – www.iso.ch
• SafetyCare Australia – www.safetycare.com.au
• Standards Australia – www.saiglobal.com.au
• Australian Safety and Compensation Council –
www.ascc.gov.au

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