M04

Module 4: LAN Connections
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2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.01-1
Objectives
Exploring the Functions of Routing p g g Understanding Binary Basics Constructing a Network Addressing Scheme Starting a Router C fi i a Ci Configuring Cisco R t Router Exploring the Packet Delivery Process Understanding Cisco Router Security Using the Cisco SDM Using a Cisco Router as a DHCP Server g Accessing Remote Devices
Lesson 1 Exploring the Functions of Routing

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Routers
Cisco 2800 Series Router
Routers have th f ll i components: R t h the following t CPU Motherboard RAM ROM Routers have network adapters to which IP addresses are assigned. Routers may have the following two kinds of ports: Console: For the attachment of a terminal used for management Network: Different LAN or WAN media ports p Routers forward packets based upon a routing table.
Router Functions
RouterX# show ip route
[ ] D 192.168.1.0/24 [90/25789217] via 10.1.1.1
R 192.168.2.0/24 [120/4] via 10.1.1.2 O 192 168 3 0/24 [110/229840] via 10 1 1 3 192.168.3.0/24 i 10.1.1.3
1. Lets other routers know about changes 2. 2 Determines where to forward packets
2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Path Determination
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Routing Tables
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Routing Table Entries

Directly connected: Router attaches to this network Static routing: Entered manually by a system administrator Dynamic routing: Learned by exchange of routing y g y g g information y y y Default route: Statically or dynamically learned; used when no explicit route to network is known
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Routing Metrics
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Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Passes periodic copies of routing table to neighbor routes and accumulates distance vectors
Link State Link-State Routing Protocols
After initial flood passes small event triggered link-state updates to all flood, event-triggered link state other routers
Lesson 2 Understanding Binary Basics

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Decimal vs. Binary Numbers

Decimal numbers are represented by the numbers 0 through 9. Binary numbers are represented by a series of 1s and 0s.
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Decimal and Binary Numbers Chart

Base-10 Decimal Conversion63204829
MSB Baseexponent Column Value Decimal Weight Column Weight 107 6 10000000 60000000 106 3 105 2 104 0 0 103 4 4000 102 8 100 800 101 2 10 20 LSB 100 9 1 9
1000000 100000 10000 1000 3000000 200000
60000000 + 3000000 + 200000 + 0 + 4000 + 800 + 20 + 9 = 63204829
Base-2 Binary Conversion11101001 (233)

MSB Baseexponent Column Value Decimal Weight Column Value 27 1 128 128 26 1 64 64 25 1 32 32 24 0 16 0 23 1 8 8 22 0 4 0 21 0 2 0 LSB 20 1 1 1
128 + 64 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 233
Powers of 2
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Decimal to Binary Decimal-to-Binary Conversion
35 35 35 35
= 25 + 21 + 20 = (32 * 1) + (2 * 1) + (1 * 1) = 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 +1 + 1 = 00100011
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Binary to Decimal Binary-to-Decimal Conversion
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 = (128 * 1) + (64 * 0) + (32 * 1) + (16 * 1) + (8 * 1) + (4 * 0) + (2 * 0) + (1 * 1) 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 = 128 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 = 185

Lesson 3 Constructing a Network Addressing Scheme

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Flat Topology
Problems
All devices share the same bandwidth. All devices share the same broadcast domain. It is difficult to apply a security policy.
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Subnetworks
Smaller networks are easier to manage. Overall traffic is reduced. You can more easily apply network security policies.
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What a Subnet Mask Does

Tells the router the number of bits to look at when routing Defines the number of bits that are significant Used as a measuring tool, not to hide anything
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Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class C Network
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Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class B Network
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Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class A Network
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End System Subnet Mask Operation
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How Routers Use Subnet Masks
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Applying the Subnet Address Scheme
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Octet Values of a Subnet Mask
Subnet masks, like IP addresses are represented in the dotted decimal masks addresses, format like 255.255.255.0
Default Subnet Masks

Example Class A address (decimal): Example Class A address (binary): Default Class A mask (binary): Default Class A mask (decimal): Default classful prefix length: Example Class B address (decimal): Example Class B address (binary): Default Class B mask (binary): Default Class B mask (decimal): Default classful prefix length: Example Class C address (decimal): Example Class C address (binary): Default Class C mask (binary): Default Class C mask (decimal): Default classful prefix length:
10.0.0.0 00001010.00000000.00000000.00000000 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 255.0.0.0 /8 172.16.0.0 172 16 0 0 10010001.10101000.00000000.00000000 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 255.255.0.0 255 255 0 0 /16 192.168.42.0 192 168 42 0 11000000.10101000.00101010.00000000 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 255.255.255.0 255 255 255 0 /24
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Procedure for Implementing Subnets

1. Determine the IP address assigned by the registry authority. 2. Based on the organizational and administrative structure, determine the number of subnets required. 3. Based on the address class and required number of subnets, determine the number of bits you need to borrow from the host ID. h t ID 4. Determine the binary and decimal value of the subnet mask. 5. 5 Apply the subnet mask to the network IP address to determine the subnet and host addresses. 6. Assign subnet addresses to specific interfaces.
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Eight Easy Steps for Determining Subnet Addresses
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Eight Easy Steps for Determining Subnet Addresses (Cont.)
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Example: Applying a Subnet Mask for a Class C Address
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Example: Applying a Subnet Mask for a Class B Address
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Example: Applying a Subnet Mask for a Class A Address
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Lesson 4 Starting a Router

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Initial Startup of the Cisco Router

System startup routines initiate router software Router falls back to startup alternatives if needed
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Bootup Output from the Router
Unconfigured vs. C fi U fi d Configured R t d Router

Setup: The Initial Configuration Dialog
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Setup Interface Summary
Any interface listed with OK? value "NO" does not have a valid configuration
Interface FastEthernet0/0 FastEthernet0/1 Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/1
IP-Address unassigned unassigned unassigned unassigned
OK? Method Status NO NO NO NO unset unset unset unset up up up down
Protocol up up up down
Interfaces Found During Startup
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Setup Initial Global Parameters
Configuring global parameters: Enter host name [Router]:RouterX The enable secret is a password used to protect access to privileged EC and configuration modes. This password, after entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration configuration. Enter enable secret: Cisco1 The enable password is used when you do not specify an enable secret password, with some older software versions, and some boot images. Enter enable password: SanFran3 The virtual terminal password is used to protect access to the router over a network interface. Enter virtual terminal password: Sanj0se Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:
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Setup Initial Protocol Configurations
Configure IP? [y ] g [yes]: Configure RIP routing? [yes]: no Configure CLNS? [no]: Configure bridging? [no]:
Depending on your software revision this text may appear.
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Setup Interface Parameters

Configuring interface parameters: Do you want to configure FastEthernet0/0 interface? [yes]: Use the 100 Base-TX (RJ-45) connector? [yes]: Operate in full-duplex mode? [no]: Configure IP on this interface? [yes]: IP address for this interface: 10.2.2.11 Subnet mask for this interface [255.0.0.0] : 255.255.255.0 Class A network is 10 0 0 0 24 subnet bits; mask is /24 10.0.0.0, Do you want to configure FastEthernet0/1 Do you want to configure Serial0/0/0 Do you want to configure Serial0/0/1 interface? [yes]: no
interface? [yes]: no interface? [yes]: no
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Cisco AutoSecure
Would you like to go through AutoSecure configuration? [yes]: no AutoSecure di l t S dialog can b started l t be t t d later using " t secure" C i "auto " CLI
Depending on your software revision, this text may appear.
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Setup Script Review and Use

The following configuration command script was created: hostname RouterX enable secret 5 $1$aNMG$kV3mxjlWDRGXmfwjEBNAf1 enable password cisco line vty 0 4 interface FastEthernet0/0 password sanjose media-type 100BaseX no snmp-server half-duplex ! ip address 10.2.2.11 255.255.255.0 ip routing no mop enabled no clns routing ! no bridge 1 g interface F tEth i t f FastEthernet0/1 t0/1 ! shutdown no ip address ! interface Serial0/0/0 shutdown no ip address ! interface Serial0/0/1 shutdown no ip address dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit ! end [0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this config. [1] Return back to the setup without saving this config. config [2] Save this configuration to nvram and exit. Enter your selection [2]: 2
Logging in to the Cisco Router
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Router User-Mode Command List User Mode
RouterX>? Exec commands: access-enable access-profile clear connect disable disconnect enable exit help lat lock login logout -- More --
Create a temporary Access-List entry p y y Apply user-profile to interface Reset functions Open a terminal connection Turn off privileged commands p g Disconnect an existing network connection Turn on privileged commands Exit from the EXEC Description of the interactive help system Open a lat connection Lock the terminal Log in as a particular user Exit from the EXEC
You can abbreviate a command to the fewest characters that make a unique character string.
Router Privileged Mode Command List Privileged-Mode

RouterX#? Exec commands: access-enable access-profile access-template bfe cd clear clock configure connect copy debug delete dir disable disconnect enable erase exit help -- More --
Create a temporary Access-List entry Apply user-profile to interface Create a temporary Access-List entry For manual emergency modes setting Change current directory Reset functions Manage the system clock g y Enter configuration mode Open a terminal connection Copy from one file to another Debugging functions (see also 'undebug') Delete a file List files on a filesystem Turn off privileged commands Disconnect an existing network connection Turn on privileged commands p g Erase a filesystem Exit from the EXEC Description of the interactive help system
You can complete a command string by entering the unique character string, then pressing the Tab key.
show version Command

Cisco IOS Software, 2800 Software (C2800NM-ADVIPSERVICESK9-M), Version 12.4(12), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport Copyright ( ) 1986 2006 b Ci C i ht (c) 1986-2006 by Cisco S t Systems, I Inc. Compiled Fri 17-Nov-06 12:02 by prod_rel_team ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 12.4(13r)T, RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) RouterX uptime is 2 days, 21 hours, 15 minutes System returned to ROM by power-on System image file is "flash:c2800nm-advipservicesk9-mz.124-12.bin" This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply third party third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption. Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately. A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at: http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to export@cisco.com. Cisco 2811 (revision 53.50) with 249856K/12288K bytes of memory. Processor board ID FTX1107A6BB 2 F tEth FastEthernet i t f t interfaces 2 Serial(sync/async) interfaces 1 Virtual Private Network (VPN) Module DRAM configuration is 64 bits wide with parity enabled. 239K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 62720K bytes of ATA CompactFlash (Read/Write) Configuration register is 0x2102 RouterX#
Lesson 5 Configuring a Cisco Router

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Overview of Router Modes
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Saving Configurations
RouterX# RouterX#copy running-config startup-config Destination fil D ti ti filename [ t t [startup-config]? fi ]? Building configuration RourterX#
Copies the current configuration to NVRAM
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Configuring Router Identification
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Console Line Console-Line Commands
RouterX(config)#line console 0 RouterX(config-line)#exec-timeout 20 30 ( fi li )# i
Modifies console session timeout
RouterX(config)#line console 0 RouterX(config-line)#logging RouterX(config line)#logging synchronous
Redisplays interrupted console input
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Configuring an Interface
RouterX(config)#interface type number RouterX(config-if)#
type i l d serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi h i includes i l h k i fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, tunnel, and so on number is used to identify individual interfaces
RouterX(config)#interface type slot/port RouterX(config-if)#
For modular routers, selects an interface

RouterX(config-if)#exit
Quits from current interface configuration mode
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Configuring an Interface Description

RouterX(config-if)# description string
string i a comment or a d i is description to h l you remember i i help b what is attached to this interface. The maximum number of characters for the string argument is 238.
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Disabling or Enabling an Interface
RouterX#configure terminal RouterX(config)#interface serial 0 RouterX(config if)#shutdown RouterX(config-if)#shutdown %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0, changed state to administratively down %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to down
Administratively turns off an interface Ad i i t ti l t ff i t f

RouterX#configure terminal RouterX(config)#interface serial 0 RouterX(config-if)#no shutdown %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: %LINEPROTO 5 UPDOWN: Line Protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up Serial0
Enables an interface that is administratively shut down
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Configuring IP Addresses
Unique addressing allows communication between end stations b t d t ti Path choice is based on destination address
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Router show interfaces Command

RouterX#show interfaces Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up Hardware is Lance, address is 00e0.1e5d.ae2f (bia 00e0.1e5d.ae2f) Internet address is 10.1.1.11/24 MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit, DLY 1000 usec, rely 255/255, load 1/255 Encapsulation ARPA, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec) ARP type: ARPA, ARP Timeout 04:00:00 Last input 00:00:07, output 00:00:08, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters never Queueing strategy: fifo Output queue 0/40, 0 drops; input queue 0/75, 0 drops 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec 0 packets/sec bits/sec, 81833 packets input, 27556491 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 42308 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 1 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 1 ignored, 0 abort 0 input packets with dribble condition detected 55794 packets output, 3929696 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 1 interface resets 0 babbles, 0 late collision, 4 deferred 0 lost carrier, 0 no carrier 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out failures
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Interpreting the Interface Status
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Verifying a Serial Interface Configuration
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Lesson 6 Exploring the Packet Delivery Process

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Layer 2 Addressing
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Layer 3 Addressing
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Host to Host Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (1 of 17)
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Destination 192.168.3.0/24 192.168.4.0/24 Next Hop Connected Connected Interface fa 0/0 fa 0/1
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Using the show ip arp Command g p p
Router# show ip arp
Protocol t l Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet Internet
Address dd 172.69.233.229 172.69.233.218 172.69.233.19 172.69.233.309 172 69 233 309 172.19.168.11 172.19.168.254
Age(min) ( i ) 9
Hardware Addr d dd 0000.0c59.f892 0000.0c07.ac00 0000.0c63.1300 0000.0c36.6965 0000 0c36 6965 0000.0c63.1300 0000.0c36.6965
Type ARPA ARPA ARPA ARPA ARPA ARPA
Interface t f Ethernet0/0 Ethernet0/0 Ethernet0/0 Ethernet0/0 Ethernet0/0 Ethernet0/0
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p g ping
Router# R t #
ping [[protocol {host-name | system-address}]
To diagnose basic network connectivity use the ping command connectivity, in user EXEC or privileged EXEC mode.
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traceroute
Router# R t #
traceroute [protocol] destination
To discover the routes that packets will actually take when traveling to their destination address, use the traceroute command in user EXEC or privileged EXEC mode.
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Lesson 7 Understanding Cisco Router Security

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Common Threats to Physical Installations
Hardware threats Environmental th t E i t l threats Electrical threats Maintenance threats
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Configuring a Router Password
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Configuring the Login Banner

Defines and enables a customized banner to be displayed before the username and password login prompts
RouterX# banner login " Access for authorized users only. Please enter your username and password. "
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Telnet vs. SSH Access

Telnet Most common access method Insecure SSH Encrypted IP domain must be defined key must be generated
!--- The username command create the username and password for the SSH session username cisco password 0 cisco ip domain-name mydomain.com crypto key generate rsa ip ssh version 2 line vty 0 4 login local transport input ssh
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Lesson 8 Using the Cisco SDM

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Cisco Router and Security Device Manager
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What Is Cisco SDM?

Embedded web-based management tool Provides intelligent wizards to enable quicker and easier deployments and does not require knowledge of Cisco IOS CLI or security expertise Tools for more advanced users: ACL editor VPN crypto map editor Cisco IOS CLI preview
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Supported Cisco Routers and Cisco IOS Software Releases
Cisco SDM is supported on a number of Cisco router platforms and Cisco IOS Software releases. Always verify Cisco SDM router and Cisco IOS release support at www.cisco.com/go/sdm.
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Configuring Your Router to Support SDM

1. Enable the HTTP and HTTPS servers on your router. 2. Create a user account defined with privilege level 15 (enable privileges). 3. Configure SSH and Telnet for local login and privilege level 15.
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SDM Startup
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Cisco SDM Main Window Layout and Navigation

Menu Bar
Toolbar Router Information
Configuration Overview
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Cisco SDM Wizards

LAN configuration: C fi fi ti Configure LAN i t f interfaces and d DHCP WAN configuration: Configure PPP, Frame Relay, and g g y HDLC WAN interfaces Firewall VPN Security audit: Perform a router security audit, with a button for router lockdown IPS: Intrusion prevention system QoS: Quality of service
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Lesson 9 Using a Cisco Router as a DHCP Server

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Understanding DHCP
DHCP is built on a client-server model, as follows: The DHCP server hosts allocate network addresses and deliver configuration parameters. The term "client" refers to a host requesting initialization parameters from a DHCP server. DHCP supports these three mechanisms for IP address allocation: Automatic allocation; DHCP assigns a permanent IP address to a client. Dynamic allocation; DHCP assigns an IP address to a client for a limited period of time. Manual allocation; A client IP address is assigned by the network administrator, administrator and DHCP is used simply to convey the assigned address to the client. Dynamic allocation is the only that allows automatic reuse of an address that is no longer needed by the client to which it was assigned.
DHCP
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Using a Router as a DHCP Server

Cisco IOS Software includes a full DHCP server implementation:
Assigns IP addresses from specified address pools within the router Can be configured to assign the IP address of these components: Domain Name System (DNS) server Default router
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DHCP Server Using a Router
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Additional Tasks
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DHCP Pool
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Checking the DHCP Configuration
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DHCP Pool Status
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Configuring a DHCP Server

Step 1. Define a range of addresses that DHCP is not to allocate. allocate
Step 2. Create the DHCP pool
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Step 3. Configure the specifics of the pool.
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Example:
Disabling DHCP:
use the no service dhcp command.
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show ip dhcp conflict p p
RouterX# show ip dhcp conflict
IP address 172.16.1.32 172.16.1.64
Detection Method Ping Gratuitous ARP
Detection time Feb 16 2007 12:28 PM Feb 23 2007 08:12 AM
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Verifying DHCP
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Verifying DHCP
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Configuring a DHCP Client
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DHCP Relay
DHCP Problem
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DHCP Relay
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DHCP Relay
Broadcast
Broadcast
Helper address configuration that relays broadcasts to all servers on the segment. segment
RTA(config)#interface e0 RTA(config-if)#ip helper-address 172 24 1 255 RTA(config if)#ip helper address 172.24.1.255
But will RTA forward the broadcast?
Directed Broadcast
To allow all the nodes in the server farm to receive the broadcasts at Layer 2, e3 will need to be configured to forward directed broadcasts with the following command:
RTA(config)#interface e3 RTA(config-if)#ip directed-broadcast
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DHCP Relay
L3 L2 Helper address configuration Broadca that relays broadcasts to all servers on the Broadca segment. segment st st RTA(config)#interface e0
RTA(config if)#ip helper address RTA(config-if)#ip helper-address 172.24.1.255 RTA(config)#interface e3
RTA(config-if)#ip directed-broadcast
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Lesson 10 Accessing Remote Devices

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Using Telnet to Connect to Remote Devices
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Viewing Telnet Connections
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Viewing SSH Connections
RouterB# show ssh Connection 0 Version 1.5 Encryption 3DES State Session Started Username guest
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Suspending and Resuming a Telnet Session
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Closing a Telnet Session
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Using the ping and traceroute Commands
RouterX#ping 10.1.1.10 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.10, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5) round trip min/avg/max = 4/4/4 ms (5/5), round-trip RouterX#trace 192.168.101.101 Type escape sequence t abort. T to b t Tracing the route to 192.168.101.101 1 p1r1 (192.168.1.49) 20 msec 16 msec 16 msec 2 p1r2 (192 168 1 18) 48 msec * 44 msec 1 2 (192.168.1.18) RouterX
Tests the connectivity and path to a remote device
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Module Summary
Cisco routers operate at Layer 3, and their function is path determination. Binary numbers are b Bi b based on th d the powers of 2 f 2. IP addressing: Dotted decimal representation of a binary string Identifies the network, subnet, and host Routers have a startup process where they test the hardware and load the operating system and configuration.
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Module Summary (Cont.)

Basic router configuration is usually done through the console port using CLI and consists of the host address and interface IP addressing. addressing Routers have hardware, environmental, electrical, and maintenance-related security threats similar to switches. Basic router security consists of a login banner and Telnet and SSH.
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Module Summary (Cont.)

The Cisco IOS DHCP server is a full DHCP server that can be configured using Cisco SDM. Cisco IOS commands provide a set of tools for remote accessing Ci d id t ft l f t i and testing, as follows: Telnet e e SSH ping traceroute
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Module 4: LAN Connections

Lesson 1 Exploring the Functions of Routing

Cisco 2800 Series Router

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Routing Table Entries

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Distance Vector Routing Protocols

Link State Link-State Routing Protocols

Lesson 2 Understanding Binary Basics

Decimal vs. Binary Numbers

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Decimal and Binary Numbers Chart

1000000 100000 10000 1000 3000000 200000

60000000 + 3000000 + 200000 + 0 + 4000 + 800 + 20 + 9 = 63204829

Base-2 Binary Conversion11101001 (233)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Decimal to Binary Decimal-to-Binary Conversion

Binary to Decimal Binary-to-Decimal Conversion

1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 = (128 * 1) + (64 * 0) + (32 * 1) + (16 * 1) + (8 * 1) + (4 * 0) + (2 * 0) + (1 * 1) 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 = 128 + 0 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 = 185

Lesson 3 Constructing a Network Addressing Scheme

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

What a Subnet Mask Does

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class C Network

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class B Network

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Possible Subnets and Hosts for a Class A Network

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

End System Subnet Mask Operation

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

How Routers Use Subnet Masks

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Applying the Subnet Address Scheme

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Octet Values of a Subnet Mask

Default Subnet Masks

Procedure for Implementing Subnets

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eight Easy Steps for Determining Subnet Addresses

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Eight Easy Steps for Determining Subnet Addresses (Cont.)

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example: Applying a Subnet Mask for a Class C Address

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example: Applying a Subnet Mask for a Class B Address

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example: Applying a Subnet Mask for a Class A Address

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Lesson 4 Starting a Router

Initial Startup of the Cisco Router

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Bootup Output from the Router

Unconfigured vs. C fi U fi d Configured R t d Router

Setup: The Initial Configuration Dialog

2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Setup Interface Summary

Interface FastEthernet0/0 FastEthernet0/1 Serial0/0/0 Serial0/0/1

IP-Address unassigned unassigned unassigned unassigned