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An Investigations of Ph

Keely Santiago Amsterdam High School Performed on 12/5- 12/6 Due date- 12/14/10 Lab submitted 12/13 Partn ers- Mike Hugo, Tyler Gleason, & Kayla Smith

Introduction
Goals were to determine the objectives of the lab that were to find the pH of a variety of common substances, perform a neutralization reaction, & to observe the effects of pH on the protein in milk. The hypothesis in Part A was to tell if the common substance was acidic, basic, or neutral by the colors changing of the litmus paper. If the blue litmus paper turned red and the red litmus paper remained the same it would be classified as an acid, If the red litmus paper had turned blue and the blue remained the same it would be classified as a base and if the stayed the same color the substance was neutral. In Part B the hypothesis was to test every drop of vinegar one by one dropped into the test tube of ammonia on a piece of pH paper and to record how many drops it took to reach a pH of 7. In Part C the hypothesis was to explore the effect of low pH on milk protein in two test tubes. In one test tube we dropped 6 drops of distilled water one at a time then noted any change. In the other test tube we dropped 6 drops of vinegar and did the same.

Saftey Precautions
Wear goggles at all times. Let teacher know if any glass wear gets broken or damaged.

Materials

Several unknown substances Graduated cylinders Fresh milk Distilled water

Ammonia Vinegar Litmus paper

pH paper Test tubes Dropper

Procedures
(See lab handout)

Data& Observation -Table A


Substa nce A B C D E F G H I J Drops of Vinega r 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Litm us Test base acid neutr al acid neutr al base base acid acid base pH pH pape r 9 2 6 4 7 6 5 1 3 10

-Table B

9 8 8 8 8 8 8

7 8 9 10 11

8 9 9 8 7

-Part C (See raw data)


Observations of Tube A No change Observations of Tube B After drop 2 it began to stick to the wall of the test tube After drop 5 it started to separate. Drop six you could see solid pieces in the mixture.

Analysis
(None needed)

Formula Lab Questions


1. Acidic- B, D, H, I Basic- A, F, G, J Neutral- C, E 2. Most pH papers agreed with the litmus paper but substance C said it was neutral but on the pH paper it didnt come out to be 7. 3. The vinegar in Part B buffered the ammonia

4. The pH would keep lowering. 5. In Part C the control was the amount of milk& the variables were the distilled water and vinegar. 6. Yoreamo ron 7. Negative hydroxide (OH-) is formed though not in excess but in equal or in even smaller amounts. Base molecules gain protons (H+) from water. 8. A chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion activity. 9. If the person took milk of magnesia it would neutralize the stomach acid.

Discussion& Conclusion

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