The Maxillary, Ethmoid, ____________, and Sphenoid make up the _____________ Sinues.

In the Pharynx, _______ passageway crosses ______ passageway. What is the purpose of the Conchae? Where are the Conchae located? What are the Adenoids? What is notable about their location as it relates to their function? Which parts of the ear are air filled? Which parts of the ear are Fluid filled? What is the Valsalva Maneuver? The ____________ covers the Glottis, which is an __________ What are the functions of the Vocal Chords? Name the Primary Muscles of Inspiration: Name the Secondary Muscles of Inspiration: Inspiration is an ________ process, while expiration is _________. If the Pleural Cavity is not air tight, what can happen to the lungs? Where are the blood vessels and air tubes attached to the lungs? Name three characteristics of the Diaphragm. 1. 2. 3. Which nerve controls the Diaphragm? What is different about the ribs of an adult as compared to a newborn?

____________ are sponge like. Baseball, _______________________, or playing a musical instrument are ways to increase the development of ____________, which results in increased __________ and __________. Forceful Muscle contractions, as in ______________, can cause development of _______________. Which muscle fibers play a major role in muscle strength and power and what happens to these fibers as a result of weight training? Name some activities that lead to development of muscle Endurance:

Which muscle fibers play a role in muscle endurance? Do they Hypertrophy in response to training? What is their major adaptation? This ultimately leads to increased _________________. Define Fitness:

Name two substances released from skeletal muscles after the onset of exercise: These substances stimulate local ________________ which serves to ____________ __________ _______________. Name four results of the activity of muscles. ___________________________ ____________________________ __________________________ ___________________________ All of these factors lead to an ____________ blood flow through the muscles and a potential ______________ in _______ delivery. All of this results in increased ___________________. ___________ Exercise leads to an ____ _____________ content which: Increases: Increases: Increases: Increases: Increases:

Increased _____________ results in _____________________ and _______________________ Increased activity to _____________________ nerves results in an increase in heart rate, which also contributes to increase ______________________. The heart can ______________________ which leads to __________ cardiac output. During Exercise, blood flow to the Left heart ____________, to the coronary arteries __________, to the Brain _______________, to the Visceral Organs ____________, to the inactive muscles __________, to the active muscles _______________, to Skin ___________________. Highly fit individuals are more efficient at: This requires less ______________________ and thus reduces the demand on the heart and sparing blood flow for __________________. Exhausting exercise increases ____________________________ from a resting value of _____ liters to values above _______ liters. This is due to an increase both in ___________________ and _________________________. Name two factors that assist in the promotion of increased gaseous exchange: 1. 2. What is the name of the bike used to test fitness in class? What physiological factors were involved in the elevation of the heart rate? What is the purpose of this elevation? The volume of air inspired or expired during normal respiratory cycle is _______________ The Amount of total air that passes in and out of your lungs in one minute is _____________________, which uses the formula ____________________ The amount of air that can be inspired after normal TV is ______________________ The amount of air that can be forcefully expired after expiration of normal TV is ________________________ The volume of air remaining in lungs after most forceful expiration is _____________________ The volume of air remaining in lungs after residual volume is _____________________

Formulas: Inspiratory Capacity (IC) is: ___=____+_____ Expiratory Capacity (EC) is: ____=____+_____ Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is: _____=______+________ Total Lung Capacity (TLC) is: ______=______+_______+_______+________ Why is predicted vital capacity (VC) dependent on the height of the subject? Why might vital capacity (VC) and Expiratory Reserve decrease with age?