The Chemical Process Industries R. Norris Shreve McGraw-Hill Book Co.

In Chapter 8, Industrial Gases, you will find a complete description of the production of CO2 as a by-product of the fermentation process. The process you are looking for as a reference is the Reich Process. Mr. Reich was a chemical engineer who did a lot of early work in recovering fermentation products and by-products during the 1920s and 1930s. His methods and process are now obsolete, but he laid the basis for what I would build today were I to design a new CO2 recovery plant from fermentation. If you need references, look in or for: Liquid CO2 How Technology has Harnessed Available Sources; Reich; Chemical & Meteorology Engineering Magazine, 38, page 136 (1931); Solid CO2, Technology Defers to Distribution Problems; Reich; Chem &Met Eng., 38, page 270 (1931); Another process that was used was the Backus Process. Each was different in the manner the gas was treated and purified. One used liquid oxidizers (Potassium Dichromate, sulfuric acid) and the other employed Activated Carbon. Both had some merits and trade-offs. Im afraid that you are going to find that the technology of recovering CO2 from fermentation is rather old and although well established has almost been lost due to economic and market changes through the last 70 to 50 years. You may not even find the engineering books and articles that were published extensively in their time. The reason primarily is that when I started in the CO2 business in 1960, fermentation was already being replaced by combustion of gaseous and liquid fuels and the use of amine solutions. This was considered much more economical and sized according to the increasing market demand. Fermentation simply could not match the market demand. Shreve reports: A very large source of carbon dioxide is the fermentation industry as

described in Chapter 31. If yeast is used, alcohol and CO2 are produced, while certain other microorganisms generate solvents and a gaseous mixture of H2 and CO2. The yield of CO2 varies with the mode of fermentation. From starch material, such as corn, there is obtained from 1 bushel, for example 2.5 gallons of 190-proof ethyl alcohol and 17 lb of CO2. The recovery and purification of CO2 from fermentation differ from the absorption system, in that the temperature seldom exceeds 105 oF, so that no special cooling is necessary and the CO2 content of the gas starts usually above 99.5%. When the fermentation vats are sealed for the recovery of the gases, a purer and higher yield of carbon dioxide per gallon of mash is obtained and the yield of alcohol is increased by at least 1% by alcohol recovery from the CO2 scrubbers.
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