Oral Histology questions (2nd part)

(1) All sentences regarding amelogenisis are true, except: 1. amelogenisis starts mainly in bell stage 2. different stages of amelogenisis can be found on different areas of internal enamel epithelium 3. external enamel epithelium deposits and modify enamel ( internal ) 4. amelogenisis is a process that has an end point (2) during pre-secretory stage of amelogenisis: 1. differentiation of internal enamel epithelium takes place firstly at cervical region and proceeds occlusally 2. IEE change their shape from columnar to cuboidal 3. resorption of dental lamina occurs in this stage 4. differentiation of ameloblasts precedes odontoblasts differentiation (3) proximal terminal web consists of: 1. gap junctions between ameloblasts and stellate reticulum 2. gap junction between adjacent ameloblasts 3. desmosomes between ameloblasts and stellate reticulum 4. desmosomes between adjacent ameloblasts (4) tome's process of ameloblasts develops during: 1. pre-secretory stage 2. secretory stage 3. transition stage 4. maturation stage 5. post maturation stage

(5) which is false about formation of enamel prisms: 1. enamel formation starts firstly at prism periphery 2. tome's process is responsible about prism formation 3. ameloblasts develops tome's process at proximal end 4. more than one ameloblasts contribute to form one prism

 (6) regarding enamel mineralization, which is false: 1. organic matrix get mineralized by hydroxyapatite crystals 2. all crystals are parallel to Tome's process surfaces 3. each tome's process has 2 mineralization fronts 4. first crystals are thin and smaller than mature one (7) all these actions happens during transition stage of amelogenisis, except: 1. ameloblasts become larger in size and length 2. ameloblasts change from secretory form into maturation form 3. initially deposited enamel is converted into fully mineralized 4. blood vessels invaginate enamel organ (8) regarding enamel proteins, what is true: 1. 90% of enamel proteins are non - amelogenins 2. 10% of enamel proteins are amelogenins 3. enamelin and tuftelin are considered non amelogenins 4. tuftelin is lighter than amelogenins (9) maturation of enamel involves: 1. removal of non amelogenins from enamel matrix 2. addition of phosphorus and fluoride ions 3. removal of water and organic matrix 4. enamel crystals decrease in size with increase in intercrystal spaces

(10) all listed below is true about maturation stage, except: 1. tome's process of ameloblasts are lost during it 2. organelle content of ameloblasts is increased 3. addition of calcium to enamel matrix 4. distal part of ameloblasts become ruffle ended (11) regarding reduced enamel epithelium, which is false: 1. it is formed by all enamel organ layers in addition to primary enamel cuticle 2. it is formed during post maturation stage 3. primary enamel cuticle is formed from amorphous protein layer under flattened ameloblasts 4. it protect enamel surface after eruption (12) regarding early bell stage:

1. there is an active cell division under future cusp tips 2. there is cessation of cell division at future fissure sites 3. dental lamina breaks down and loose connection with oral epithelium 4. there is a differential cell division along EEE to map out Occlusal surface

(13) stratum intermedium cells appear in: 1. bud stage 2. early cap stage 3. late cap stage 4. early bell stage 5. late bell stage (14) cells of enamel organ that maintain its shape: 1. IEE 2. EEE 3. stellate reticulum 4. stratum intermedium 5. 1+2 6. 2+4 7. 2+3

(15) which is false about remnants of broken dental lamina: 1. associated with the etiology of cysts 2. form epithelial rests of malassez 3. they are broken in early bell stage 4. form epithelial rests of serrez (16) all sentences regarding early tooth development are true, except: 1. dentin formation precedes enamel formation 2. IEE induce dental papilla to differentiate and form dentin 3. dentin induce differentiation of IEE into ameloblasts 4. in permanent tooth development, part of EEE grow lingually to form successor lamina (17) apposition of minerals and hard tissue formation starts during: 1. bud stage 2. early cap stage 3. late cap stage

4. early bell stage 5. late bell stage (18) a transient structure that may be involved of mechanical transformation of cap stage into bell stage: 1. enamel knot 2. enamel cord 3. enamel navel 4. enamel niche

(19) regarding enamel knot, which is false: 1. they are a localized mass of cells in the center of IEE 2. they are non proliferative cells 3. they produce signaling molecule 4. it contribute cells to form enamel cord 5. they bulge into enamel organ

(20) nerve supply to enamel organ starts as plexus under dental papilla in: 1. bud stage 2. cap stage 3. early bell stage 4. late bell stage (21) blood vessels invade dental papilla during : 1. bud stage 2. early cap stage 3. late cap stage 4. early bell stage 5. late bell stage (22) regarding early tooth development: 1. primary epithelial band is formed in response to interaction between ectoderm and endoderm 2. vestibular lamina is the lingual part of primary epithelial band 3. dental lamina is arch shaped and produce enamel organs 4. dental lamina is the buccal part of primary epithelial band

(23) which is false about shape determination of enamel organ: 1. EEE maintain the shape of enamel organ

2. stellate reticulum has hydrostatic pressure that allow proliferation of EEE and shaping of the crown 3. shape determined by cell proliferation and movement 4. differential cell division along IEE shape the Occlusal pattern of the crown (24) each of the below is correct regarding bud stage of enamel organ, except: 1. cells of enamel organ are fully histo-differentiated 2. basal lamina of enamel organ still intact 3. shape of enamel organ is spherical 4. poor morpho-differentiation (25) we can define 2 parts (central and peripheral) in enamel organ during: 1. bud stage 2. early cap stage 3. late cap stage 4. early bell stage 5. late bell stage (26) cells of IEE during early cap stage are: 1. columnar 2. flattened 3. star shaped 4. cuboidal

(27) stellate reticulum part of the enamel organ appears during: 1. bud stage 2. early cap stage 3. late cap stage 4. early bell stage 5. late bell stage (28) which is false about late cap stage: 1. central portion of enamel organ become separated with intracellular spaces 2. IEE became columnar 3. stratum intermedium cells appear during this stage 4. mesenchymal cells around enamel organ will form dental papilla and follicle

(29) all sentences are true regarding mineralization of enamel, except: 1. calcium reaches enamel matrix principally from enamel organ

2. crystal growth and nucleation induced by tuftelin 3. amelogenins are capable of self assembling of crystal nucleus into nanospheres 4. HA crystals grow in width more than in length (30) enamel: 1. thicker at cervical margin and thinner over cusp tips 2. has high tensile strength 3. grayish in color 4. does not undergo replacement or repair 5. has low shear strength

(31) largest crystal size can be found in: 1. bone 2. enamel 3. dentin 4. cementum 5. cartilage (32) hydroxyapatite crystals of enamel: 1. make 88-90% of enamel by weight 2. mineral content of HA crystals is higher in enamel near DEJ 3. core of crystal is less soluble than periphery 4. crystals are pentagonal and of great length (33) fluoride ions replace which ion of HA OH HCO3 Mg Ca

crystals: 1. 2. 3. 4.

(34) all of the below is correct regarding enamel prisms, except: 1. boundaries of prisms reflects sudden change in crystal orientation 2. prisms meet enamel surface at 90 degrees on cervical region 3. prisms meet enamel surface at 90 degrees on occlusal surface 4. enamel prisms extends from DEJ to enamel surface (35) most predominant pattern of enamel prisms: 1. pattern I 2. pattern II

3. pattern III 4. pattern IV (36) which is false regarding keyhole pattern of enamel prisms: 1. tail of one prism lies between heads of other 2 adjacent prisms 2. between 2 keyholes, change in orientation of HA crystals is abrupt 3. in head, HA crystals are parallel to long access 4. in tail, HA crystals are perpendicular to the long access (37) regarding aprismatic enamel: 1. crystals in this layer are parallel to the surface 2. it is less mineralized than prismatic enamel 3. it occurs due to the presence of tome's processes 4. it make the outer 20 100 micrometer of enamel in permanent teeth (38) which is false regarding cross striation: 1. cross striations are at right angle with long access of prisms 2. it reflects weekly interval 3. cross striations are 2.5 6 micrometer apart 4. it is formed due to short periods of activity alternating with periods of quiescence

(39) structural fault through entire enamel thickness is called: 1. enamel spindle 2. enamel tuft 3. enamel lamella 4. none of the above (40) aged enamel: 1. lighter in color 2. less fluoride content 3. porosity increased 4. harder and less susceptible to caries

Prepared and revised by: Dr. Hamza Khalaf Kharashgeh Mobile number: 0795710627 E-Mail: hamzkk@yahoo.com

Answers:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 3 3 3 2 3 2 1 3 3 2 4 3 4 7 2 4 5 2 5 2 4 3 2 1 2 4 3 3 4 4 2 2 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 4

Prepared and revised by: Dr. Hamza Khalaf Kharashgeh Mobile number: 0795710627 E-Mail: hamzkk@yahoo.com