Assume: 4100 hours of use per year (average night time hours, dusk to dawn) 8c per KWH (typical

average cost per kilowatt-hour, the power rate) Low Pressure Sodium 180W 135W 90W 55W 35W 18W

Initial Lumens 33000 22500 13500 8000 4800 1800 Mean Lumens 33000 22500 13500 8000 4800 1800 Lamp Wattage 180 135 90 55 35 18 Circuit Wattage 220 180 125 80 60 30 Initial Lum/watt 150 125 108 100 80 60 Mean Lum/watt 150 125 108 100 80 60 Annual KWH Use 902 738 513 328 246 123 Annual per Cost $72.16 $59.04 $41.04 $26.24 $19.68 $9.84 High Pressure Sodium 400W Initial 50000 Lumens Mean 45000 Lumens Lamp 400 Wattage Circuit 465 Wattage Initial 108 Lum/watt Mean 97 Lum/watt Annual 1907 KWH Use Annual $152.56 per Cost Metal Halide 1000W Initial Lumens Mean 110000 88000 400W 250W 175W 150W 100W 9000 6400 70W 5500 4000 50W 3500 2500 32W 2500 1900 250W 200W 150W 100W 9500 8550 100 130 73 66 533 70W 6300 5670 70 88 72 64 361 50W 4000 3600 50 66 61 55 271 35W 2250 2025 35 46 49 44 189

28500 22000 16000 25700 19800 14400 250 294 97 87 1205 200 246 89 80 1009 150 193 83 75 791

$96.40 $80.72 $63.28 $42.64 $28.88 $21.68 $15.12

36000 20500 28800 12700

16600 13000 10350 8700

Lumens Lamp 1000 400 250 175 150 100 70 50 32 Wattage Circuit 1070 456 295 215 184 115 88 62 43 Wattage Initial 103 79 69 77 71 78 63 56 58 Lum/watt Mean 82 63 58 48 47 56 45 40 44 Lum/watt Annual 4387 1870 1210 882 754 472 361 254 176 KWH Use Annual per $350.96 $149.60 $96.80 $70.56 $60.32 $37.76 $28.88 $20.32 $14.08 Cost Mercury Vapor and Incandescent * 1000W Initial Lumens Mean Lumens Lamp Wattage Circuit Wattage Initial Lum/watt Mean Lum/watt Annual KWH Use Annual per Cost 55000 46200 1000 1090 50 42 4469 700W 36400 29850 700 765 48 39 3137 400W 20500 18570 400 455 45 41 1866 250W 11850 10540 250 285 42 37 1169 175W 7850 7140 175 205 38 35 841 100W 4100 3230 100 135 30 24 554 150W* 100W* 2850 2850 150 150 19 19 615 1710 1710 100 100 17 17 410

$357.52 $250.96 $149.28 $93.52 $67.28 $44.32

$49.20 $32.80

lined up at nearly equal lumen output, to show the relative energy & cost savings.

LED FEATURES

High Luminous Efficiency High Color Index, Nice Coloration. No flicker, No Adverse Glare. No UV or IR, Impact Resistance, Shock-proof. Long Life, up to 50,000 hours. Tremendous Energy Saving, save energy 50%~80% than the conventional sodium and mercury lamps. Work under Low-voltage and Low-heat, Safe and Reliable. Perfect Combination Solar Energy. Regular Street Light Solar Street Light

Uses standard size/connection 90 W high pressure sodium 5500 Lumens (3850 effective) 30-50 Lumen / Watt Photo-sensor or wire control No Back Up Power Source

Uses standard size/connection 30W Ultra High Efficient Array 3400 Lumens 113.3 Lumen / Watt Photo-sensor, wire or solar panel Internal Battery, fully integrated into Street Light Head (Approx. 3 nights autonomous operation/battery reserve) 54W Integrated solar array Solar powered Works during power outages No trenching No wire in ground No wire in pole Single piece, simple install Safe to install Does not attract insects

No solar array Requires electricity Works only when grid is energized Cable requires expensive trenching Additional wiring in the ground Wire in the pole Significant resources to install Special crews for safe installation Attracts insects

Traditional lighting solution (High/Low Pressure Sodium Light) Typical high or low pressure sodium lights have very low efficiency. They output light in a very broad spectrum including a significant portion outside of the human eye visible spectrum. They also have high light pollution by flooding light sideways into the atmosphere. Traditional lighting requires power from the grid. The actual power consumption of typical 200 Watt high pressure sodium lights will be 230 Watts including other reactor/ballast losses. Consumption is even higher when you consider the losses within the cabling. The technicians providing installation and maintenance are exposed to an electrically hazardous work environment because of the grid connection. Traditional lighting has a complicated installation process with a number of professionals involved. Engineering needs to develop detailed designs to bring the power to each light pole. Crews need to dig trenches, lay armored cable, and connect them to the grid. They also need to connect and test the power in each pole to each light head. Typical high pressure sodium lights run very hot (losses), which can easily exceed 300C. This will result in lens discoloration and case damage. In addition, they produce infrared light which attracts insects.

LED street lighting by DX3 Enterprises Ltd. is reliable, cost effective, and dramatically reduces ongoing electricity requirements. Lower Operating Cost LED lighting is expected to be the standard in streeting lighting in the next five years. On average, LEDs use 1/8th of the electricity of traditional lighting methods. Imagine needing only 12% of the electricity to power the same quantity of lights currently being used by municipalities worldwide. Improved Reliability LED lights are expected to have a minimum operating lifetime of 50,000+ hours. This means that utilities wont need to

spend as much time/effort/money on maintenance of street lighting compared with traditional alternatives that last between 2-5 years. To discuss your Solar Street Light requirements, please Contact Us today. Additional Benefits: No Insect Swarming The solar powered street light uses LED street lighting which does not produce Infrared light, and therefore will not attract insects. (No more moths and other ying insects swarming around the light.) Fast Installation The retrofit lens assembly is a direct replacement of the original, no adjustment is required, pull out the old and in with the new. Reduced Atmospheric Lighting LED street lights have an added benefit for the environment. Our LED lights are specifically designed to direct light at the ground. The light produced by an LED is highly directed. By ensuring the LEDs are mounted within the light head (and not lowered into the lens), light radiates towards the ground only. Most traditional types of lights flood light in all directions. This causes light to radiate sideways and up into the atmosphere. Further information regarding minimizing light pollution can be found via organizations such as the International Dark-Sky Association.

LED Street Light Retrofit: Light-emitting diode (LED) has high efficiency. DX3 designed LED retrofits only need 20-28% power consumption to achieve equivalent light output effect as a normal HPS light. With its highly efficient power conversion to light, it also generates less heat (barely exceeds 60C). With its narrow light output spectrum (mostly in visible region), it gives a clean and cool white light which is comfortable for human eyes. In addition, DX3 LED retrofit design has small footprint which gives it a huge flexibility advantage in retrofit design. Different from traditional lights, the DX3 LED light is mounted on a specially designed circuit board which allows them to fit in all types of lighting cases. It also lasts longer and sustains stable output throughout the majority of its lifetime. There is no environmental hazardous substance included in the DX3 LED retrofit design.

In today's world, the gradual depletion of energy and the gradual d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f environment has become a great challenge to us. LED is the most preferred green lighting s o u r c e i n t h e 2 1 s t c e n t u r y , w h i c h i s t h e c r i t e r i o n o f e n e r g y s a v i n g a n d e n v i r o n m e n t protection. Most of the countries in the world have used the policy and rules to map out the spread plan and a revolution in the field of lighting industry is expected soon. In the past three years, we have invested tremendous amount of manpower and resources. Committed to develop new generation semiconductor LED lighting products. LED lamps need only 20% power as that of traditional bulbs and can generate 80 lm/w. These lamps shave super long life up to 50,000 hours and 8 times the brightness than traditional light bulb. Now all this is no longer inconceivable, it has it has become a reality Technology-Physics Like a normal diode, the LED consists of a chip of semiconducting material doped with impurities to create a p-n junction. As in other diodes, current flows easily from the p-side, or anode, to the n-side, or cathode, but not in the reverse direction. Chargecarriers electrons and holes flow into the junction from electrodes with different voltages. When an electron meets a hole, it falls into a lower energy level, and releases energy in the form of a photon. The wavelength of the light emitted, and therefore its color, depends on the band gap energy of the materials forming the p-n junction. In silicon or germanium diodes, the electrons and holes recombine by a non-radiative transition which produces no optical emission, because these are indirect band gap materials. The materials used for the LED h a v e a direct band gap with energies corresponding to near-infrared, visible or near-ultraviolet light.L E D d e v e l o p m e n t b e g a n w i t h i n f r a r e d a n d r e d d e v i c e s m a d e w i t h gallium arsenide. Advances in materials science have made possible the production of devices with ever-shorter wavelengths, producing light in a variety of colors. LEDs are usually built on an n-type substrate, with an electrode attached to the ptype layer deposited on its surface. P-type substrates, while less common, occur as well. Many commercial LEDs, especially GaN/In GaN, also use sapphire substrate. Most materials used for LED production have very high refractive indices. This means that much light will be reflected back into the material at the m a t e r i a l / a i r s u r f a c e interface. Therefore Light extraction in LEDs is an important aspect of LED production, subject to much research and development.

Effic iency and o peratio nal paramete rs Typi cal i ndi cator LEDs are designed t o operat e with no more t han 30 60milliwatts [mW] of elect ri ca l power. Around 1999, Philips Lumileds introduced power LEDs capable of continuous use at one watt[W]. These LEDs used much larger semiconductor

die sizes to handle the large power inputs. Also, the semiconductor dies were mounted onto metal slugs to allow for heat removal from the LED die. One of the key advantages of LEDbased lighting is its high efficiency, as measured by i t s light output per unit power i nput. Whit e LEDs quickl y mat ched and overt ook the efficiency of standard incandescent lighting systems. In 2002, Lumileds made five-watt L E D s a v a i l a b l e w i t h a luminous efficacy o f 1 8 2 2 lumens p e r w a t t [ l m / W ] . F o r comparison, a conventional 60100 W incandescent light bulb produces around 15 lm/W, and standard fluorescent lights produce up to 100 lm/W. A recurring problem is that efficiency will fall dramatically for increased current. This effect is known as droop and effectively limits the light output of a given LED, increasing heating more than light output for increased current. In September 2003, a new type of blue LED was demonstrated by the company Cree, Inc. t o provide 24 mW at 20milliamperes [mA]. This produced a commercially packaged white light giving 65 lm/W at 20 mA, becoming the brightest white LED commercially available at the time, and more than four times as efficient as standard incandescents. In2006 they demonstrated a

prototype with a record white LED luminous efficacy of 131lm/W at 20 mA. Also, Seoul Semiconductor has plans for 135 lm/W by 2007 and 145lm/W by 2008, which would be approaching an order of magnitude improvement over standard incandescents and better even than standard fluorescents. Nichia Corporation has developed a white LED with luminous efficacy of 150 lm/W at a forward current of 20 mA. It should be noted that high-power ( 1 W) LEDs are necessary for practical general lighting applications. Typical operating currents for these devices begin at 350 mA. Note that these efficiencies are for the LED chip only, held at low temperature in a lab. Ina lighti ng appli cati on, operati ng at hi gher t em perat ure a nd with drive ci rcuit losses, efficiencies are much lower. United States Department of Energy(DOE) t esting of commercial LED lamps designed to replace incandescent lamps or CFLs showed that average effi cacy was st ill about 46 l m/W in 2009 (t est ed perf ormance ranged f rom 17 lm/W to 79 lm/W).Cree issued a press rel ease on February 3, 2010 about a l aboratory prot ot ype LED achieving 208 lumens per watt at room temperature. The correlated color temperature was reported to be 4579

K.

Lifetime and failure Solid state devices such as LEDs are subject to very limited wear and tear if operated at low currents and at low temperatures. Many of the LEDs produced in the 1970s and1980s are still in service today. Typical lifetimes quoted are 25,000 to 100,000 hours but heat and current settings can extend or shorten this time significantly. The most common symptom of LED (and diode laser ) failure is the gradual lowering of light output and loss of efficiency. Sudden failures, although rare, can occur as well. Early red LEDs were notable for their short lifetime. With the development of high- power LEDs the devices are subjected to higher junction temperatures and higher current densities than traditional devices. This causes stress on the material and may cause early light output degradation. To quantitatively classify lifetime in a standardized manner it has been suggested to use the terms L75 and L50 which is the time it will take a given LED to reach 75% and 50% light output respectively. L50 is equivalent to the half-life of the LED. Like other lighting devices, LED performance is t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n t . M o s t manufacturers published ratings of LEDs are for an operating temperature of 25C.LEDs used outdoors, such as traffic

signals or in-pavement signal lights, and that are utilized in climates where the temperature within the luminaries gets very hot, could result in low signal intensities or even failure. LEDs maintain consistent light output even in cold te mperatures, unlike traditional lighting methods. Consequently, LED technology may be a good replacement in areas such as supermarket freezer lighting and will last longer than other technologies. Because LEDs do not generate as much heat as incandescent bulbs, they are an energy-efficient technology to use in such applications such as freezers. On the other hand, because they do not generate much heat, ice and snow may build up on the LED luminaries in colder climates. This has been a problem plaguing airport runway lighting, although some research has been done to try to develop heat sink technologies in order to transfer heat to alternative areas of the luminaries