Definition Causes of Disaster Scale of Disaster Few Recent examples Disaster Preparedness Emergency Operations Plan Post Disaster

effect Disaster Mitigation Programmes Community-Based Approach to education and public awareness Disaster Resistant Architecture

Disaster management - new area of social concern and practice

Disaster: hazard, emergency, vulnerability, and risk

A serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or environmental losses which exceed the ability of affected society to cope using only its own resources

small-scale, local disasters are not recorded in official statistics magnitude of the physical damage caused and the loss of human life is increasing day by day

Mortality due to natural hazards 1990 - 2000

Two Types: Natural and Manmade Natural disasters: caused by extreme occurrences in nature for which society is unprepared. They destroy the basic conditions of life for the victims, who lack the resources to recover in the short or medium term
1995: Kobe earthquake damages totalling US$ 100 billion 1998: flooding in Bangladesh and India left more than 4,700 dead and 66 million homeless, destroyed 1.2 million buildings and indirectly caused several hundred deaths due to epidemics 1998: Hurricane Mitch in Central America claimed a death toll of more than 9,000 with almost 13,000 injured and it left 2 million homeless. The total damage came to over US$ 7 billion 1999: earthquake in Turkey claimed over 17,000 lives with 44,000 injured. destroyed or badly damaged a total of 400,000 buildings 1999: Landslides in Venezuela and severe storms in France caused economic losses in both countries about US$ 10 billion

Sudden onset
little or no warning, minimal time to prepare i.e. an earthquake, tsunami, cyclone, volcano, etc.

Slow onset
adverse event slow to develop; first the situation develops second level is an emergency; the third level is a disaster. i.e. drought, civil strife, epidemic, etc.

Geographical location Hydro meteorological, seismic, volcanic conditions Low level of development Poor building fabric of housing Increase in density change in distribution pattern and land use More urbanization: cutting of slopes/ stoppage of water channels etc. Extraction of natural resources Human intervention in the climatic system Fragile ecosystems (forest clearance, soil erosion, single cropping practices) Absence of warning systems

Impacts of Disaster
direct and indirect effects people lose their homes, their belongings, the very basis of their livelihood direct losses in productive sectors Production losses lead to the dismissal or unemployment loss of jobs reduces income and curbs spending power affects trade and transportation as well Economic collapse Social unrest
1. Infrastructure damage 2. Telecommunication loss 3. Power disruption 4. Water problems 5. Loss/damage to housing 6. Flooding 7. Landslides 8. Agricultural damage 9. Damage to inland and coastal environments 10. Disruption of standard of living, lifestyle, etc

Hazards are extreme natural events with a certain degree of probability of having adverse consequences Vulnerability: to protect oneself against the adverse impacts of natural events and, on the other hand, to recover quickly from their effects

Scale of Disaster is dependent on:

Lead Time Available Intensity of Hazard Duration Spatial Extent Density of Population & Assets Time of Occurrence

Disaster Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability