Bibliography "1956: US court victory for black students." BBC On This Day 1950-2005. BBC, 2012. Web. 14 Mar.

2012. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/5/newsid_2515000/ 2515243.stm>. Brown v. Board is described as a triumph for equality for African Americans. African American children standing in front of bus. N.d. The Cities, Suburbs, and Schools Project. Trinity College, 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://commons.trincoll.edu/cssp/exercise-posts/page/2/> Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Associated Press. "New School Board Has N.C. Worried About Resegregation." News One for Black America. BlackPlanet Universe, 19 July 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://newsone.com/nation/associatedpress3/new-school-board-has-n-c-worried-aboutresegregation//>. Picture of a group of people protesting segregation and could be used as an example of protests made against segregation. Banning of Segregation in Public Schools. N.d. Ethical Inquiry. Brandeis University, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.brandeis.edu/ethics/images/brown_v_board_headline.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Bellalves. "Davis VS County School Board of Prince Edwards County." Mr. McClung's World. Edublogs, 5 May 2010. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://mcclungsworld.com/files/2010/05/princedward1.jpg>. Picture depicts girls holding up signs in protest of segregated schools.

Beswick, Richard. "Racism in America's Schools. ." Editorial. ERIC Digest Series. ERIC Digest Series, 1990. Web. 11 Sept. 2011. <http://www.ericdigests.org/pre-9215/racism.htm>. This site describes the basics of racism, how to detect it, and how it can be prevented in school while upholding diversity. It also discusses the effects of racism in schools today. Brittany. "Brown vs. Board of Education." Revolution, Reform and Protest. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=69208>. Picture of a news article, with the headliner Court Bans Segregation In Public Schools. This could be used as a reaction to Brown v. Board of Education. Black Protestor Bitten by Police Dog. N.d. Bookworm Room. N.p., 21 May 2009. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.bookwormroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/photo01.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Black Protestors. N.d. affrodite.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://affrodite.net/wpcontent/uploads/2009/01/brownvsboard.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. "Brown vs. Board of Education." United States History. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2011. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2776.html>. This website gives a detailed background and the effects of the Brown v. Board of Education case on society. It also explains segregation that had happened in the generations before. "Brown v. Board of Education (Kansas)." The Leadership Conference. N.p., 2011. Web. 11 Sept. 2011. <http://www.civilrights.org/education/brown/brown.html>. This article recounts the background, action, and aftermath of the Brown v. Board of Education case. The racial situation in schools is also described.

"Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas." "With an Even Hand": Brown v. Board At Fifty. The Library of Congress, 23 July 2010. Web. 11 Sept. 2011. <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/brown/brown-brown.html>. This website gave a detailed outline of what happened in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. The Doll Test for racial feelings of inferiority is described, as well as Justice Earl Warrens methods of securing a unanimous vote in favor of Brown. Other cases regarding segregation and the responses to the Brown decision are described. "Brown v. Board of Education: Visual." Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/scales/brown.gif> Picture of a cartoon which depicts the cause of the Brown vs Board of Education. Bus (background). N.d. http://futurespassed.com/steve/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/bus-50s.gif. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. Picture illustrating the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. "Closing Prince Edward County's Schools." Virginia Historical Society. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.vahistorical.org/civilrights/ pec.htm#images>. The reaction against Brown by Prince Edward County is recounted at this exhibition overview. "Documents Related to Brown v. Board of Education Biographies of Attorneys and Litigants: Brown v. Board of Education." National Archives. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2011. <http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/brown-v-board/bios.html>.

The names and significance of the key players in the battle over segregation in schools, especially in the Brown v. Board case, are described in this article. "Does Brown v. Board of Education Constitute the Supreme Courts One Free Pass?" Bookwormroom.com. Bookwormroom.com, 21 May 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.bookwormroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/connor-era.jpg>. Picture shows protesters being sprayed with water and demonstrates the consequences of demonstrations. "Does Brown v. Board of Education Constitute the Supreme Courts One Free Pass?" Bookwormroom.com. Bookwormroom.com, 21 May 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://www.bookwormroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/photo01.jpg>. A picture of whites trying to control protesters and another picture of man being brutally attacked by a policemans dog. Drew, Kevin. "Today's battle in classrooms: Resegregation." CNN Justice. CNN, 18 May 2004. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. <http://articles.cnn.com/2004-05-15/justice/ schools.desegregation_1_public-schools-white-students-black-students?_s=PM:LAW>. This article discusses the history of segregation in schools while warning of the possibilities of resegregation in the classroom. The information was used to prove that segregation is still a threat in the education system today. Earl warren (result). N.d. http://www.latimes.com/media/photo/2011-04/60608039.jpg. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. Picture illustrating the conflict and result of Brown v. Board.

Elizabeth Eckford at Little Rock. N.d. University of South Carolina, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://course.cas.sc.edu/germanyk/post1945/images/The%20Southern %20Problem/littlerock1.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Fullinwider, Robert. Affirmative Action. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/affirmative-action/>. This article describes affirmative action, its history, and effects. Harvey, William B, Adia M Harvey, and Mark King. "The Impact of the Brown v. Board of Education Decision on Postsecondary Participation of African Americans." Editorial. BNET. FindArticles.com, 2004. Web. 11 Sept. 2011. <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3626/is_200407/ai_n9468077/>. This site lists out the impact and effects the case of Brown v. Board of Education had on school systems and civil rights movements. Heinemann, Ronald L. Moton School Strike and Prince Edward County School Closings. Encyclopedia Virginia. N.p., 7 Apr. 2011. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.EncyclopediaVirginia.org/Moton_School_Strike_and_Prince_Edward_Count y_School_Closings>. This article describes the Prince Edward County school closing reaction to desegregation in America. It was used to demonstrate the severe opposition that Brown v. Board faced. "History of Brown v. Board of Education." United States Courts. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2011. <http://www.uscourts.gov/EducationalResources/ConstitutionResources/LegalLandmarks/ HistoryOfBrownVBoardOfEducation.aspx>.

Provides an extremely detailed background of all the cases that led up to and supported the case of Brown v. Board of Education. This includes the Plessy Decision, Murray v. Maryland, Missouri ex rel Gaines v. Canada, Sweat v. Painter, and McLaurin v. Oklahoma Board of Regents of Higher Education. "Human Rights Photographs That Changed The World Civil Rights & Wrongs."Civil Rights & Wrongs. WordPress.com, 23 Nov. 2009. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://civilrightsandwrongs.wordpress.com/2009/11/23/civilhuman-rights-photographs-thatchanged-the-world/>. Picture depicts 2 water fountains one labeled white and the other labeled colored.

Integrated classroom at Anacostia High School, Washington DC (1957). N.d. Around the Mall. Smithsonian, 17 May 2010. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/aroundthemall/files/2010/05/integrated_LOC_may17.jp g>. Koball, Heather, Michelle Chau, and Ayana Douglass-Hall. "The Racial Gap in Parental Education." National Center for Children in Poverty. Columbia University, May 2006. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. <http://www.nccp.org/ publications/pub_660.html>. One of the graphs show statistics proving that racial minorities are more likely to be in low-income homes. This graph is used to show that economic equality was not part of the long-term impact of Brown v. Board. Linda Browns Family. N.d. pbs.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/kcet/publicschool/images/inn_brown.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board.

Little rock nine (gallery). N.d. http://www.nathanielturner.com/images/New_Folder/littlerocknine.gif. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. Picture illustrating the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Low-Class Black Classroom. N.d. Ole Miss, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/general_library/archives/exhibits/civilrights/segregation/im ages/ppc2n.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. McClure, Brian. "Admitted but Not Welcomed: W.E.B. Du Bois on Does the Negro Need Separate Schools?." State of HBCUs. 12 Aug. 2011. Web. 13 Oct. 2011. <http://stateofhbcus.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/segregation.jpeg>. Picture of boys holding up signs in agreement with segregation which could be used as an example. McPherson, Stephanie Sammartino. The Bakke Case and the Affirmative Action Debate. N.p.: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2005. Print. McPherson recounts the history of African American acceptance in the workforce and education and analyzes the pros and cons of affirmative action. "NAACP." United States History. u-s-history.com, n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2011. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1595.html>. This site was used to explain what the NAACP organization was and provided a detailed timeline of how the organization effected black rights throughout history. NAACP. N.d. NAACP, Columbus. NAACP, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.naacpcolumbusga.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/DuBois_NAACP1.jpg>.

Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. NAAWP. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://twitter.com/#!/ NAAWPusa>. This picture is a logo of the National Association for the Advancement of White People. It was used to give a visual of one of the fruits of reaction against equality for blacks. National Guard Guarding Little Rock. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/nationalparks/media_detail/597/>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Orfield, Gary. US Schools are More Segregated Today than in the 1950s. Project Censored. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.projectcensored.org/topstories/articles/2-us-schools-are-more-segregated-today-than-in-the-1950s-source/>. This news article describes how segregation is spreading in the American school system. This shows that the long-run impact of Brown v. Board was not one of increasing desegregation. Plessy v. Ferguson. N.d. CultureQuest. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.culturequest.us/ecomm/annstillman/plessy%20pic.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Police Officer. N.d. CNBC. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://media.cnbc.com/i/CNBC/Sections/CNBC_TV/CNBC_US/Shows/_Documentaries_ Specials/Boomers/Slideshow/SS_boomer_segregation.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board.

Protestor Shot With Water. N.d. Bookworm Room. N.p., 21 May 2009. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.bookwormroom.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/connor-era.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. "Reform." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, 2002. Web. 15 Oct. 2011. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/reform>. This site provides various meanings of the word reform. "Resegregation." The Leadership Conference. The Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights/The Leadership Conference Education Fund, 2012. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. <http://www.civilrights.org/education/resegregation/>. This page gives statistics on the number of students in segregated schools over the years, suggesting that schools are resegregating. "Resegregation Now ." Editorial. The New York Times. N.p., 29 June 2007. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. <http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/opinion/29fri1.html> This article discusses the racial diversity in American student populations and the trend of resegregation going on in schools. This shows that in recent years, schools have not been necessarily desegregated because of Brown v. Board. "Revolution." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com, 2002. Web. 16 Oct. 2011. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/revolution>. This site provide various meaning of the word revolution. Segregation. N.d. Takis Magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.erniejones.com/segregation.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board.

Segregation on a Bus. N.d. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_qm5UlUt50vE/TAlNL1lCEWI/AAAAAAAAABc/NCInMc37 120/s320/segregation.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. "Separate But Equal?: The Road to Brown ." Exploring Constitutional Conflicts. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2011. <http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/sepbutequal.htm>. This site gives a generalization on what happened in each of the cases that affected Brown v. Board of Education. It includes the cases and amendments that were incorporated into the trial, as well as the intense opposition to the court decision after the case took place. Shackles. N.d. The Process: "Birthing of a Prophet." N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. <http://nationsprophet.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/ shackles.jpg>. This image gives a visual on the true meaning of slavery. Significant Cases. University of Michigan. 2011. Web. 16 October 2011. <http://www.lib.umich.edu/brown-versus-board-education/cases.html> This site describes a number of cases involved in educational segregation. Somervill, Barbara A. Brown v. Board of Education : The Battle for Equal Education. Chanhassen, MN: The Child's World, 2005. Print. This book gives background information on the Brown case, as well as various positive and negative reactions directly after the verdict. "The Prince Edward Case and the Brown Decision ." Brown v. Board of Education: Virginia Responds. An Exhibition At The Library Of Virginia, 2012. Web. 12 Mar. 2012. <http://www.lva.virginia.gov/exhibits/brown/decision.htm>.

This description of the Prince Edward County school closings and the Brown v. Board decision show the impact and conflict that Brown v. Board had on various groups of people. Thurgood Marshall. N.d. Gilbert King. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://gilbertking.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/brown_v_boe_thurgoodmarshall5.jpg? w=243&h=300>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Little rock nine (gallery). N.d. http://www.nathanielturner.com/images/New_Folder/littlerocknine.gif. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. Picture illustrating the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. White Protestors. N.d. Oxford African American Studies Center, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2012. <http://www.oxfordaasc.com/public/features/archive/0507/images/pe0011-01.jpg>. Picture used to illustrate the conflict and result of Brown v. Board. Williams, Jaun. "Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary - A Biography by Juan Williams." Introduction to the Book. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2011. <http://www.thurgoodmarshall.com/ home.htm>. Provides information about the life of Thurgood Marshall who was a significant figure in the Brown v. Board of Education case.