Ganuelas, Czar Mckleen G. BSECE-4 Navigational Aids Elektra-Sonnen Elektra Sonne/Elektra Sonnen named in honor of Richard Strauss ELEKTRA.

LEKTRA. Also known as simply Sonne. It was known as Consolan or Consol to the allies. Sonne means sun in German. A radio beacon system developed by Nazi Germany during World War 2. Became operational in 1943. Why Sonne? The code name 'Sonne' stands for the Sun expresses that the system only worked reliably (optimal) during daytime. Note: A simple radio beacon which could give a pilot a line from the aircraft to the radio beacon. It could not provide such useful information as whether the aircraft was north or south, east or west of the beacon. A radio beacon operating at 1 kilometer (300 kHz). Three (3) fixed antennas in a row spaced 1 kilometer (one wavelength) apart. The antennas produced a complicated signal that allowed determination of the radial to the beacon. A radio beacon operating at 1 kilometer (300 kHz). Three (3) fixed antennas in a row spaced 1 kilometer (one wavelength) apart. The antennas produced a complicated signal that allowed determination of the radial to the beacon. Consol broadcasts between 257 and 363 kHz. Consolan (American version) used 192 and 194 kHz. Broadcast of an omnidirectional beacon signal for 6 seconds, along with a station identification code, in the form of Morse letters. A "break" of transmission for 2 seconds. Broadcast of a complex signal for 30 seconds that consisted of dots and dashes leading up to a tone. The radial was given by the number of dots and dashes before the tone. Another break of transmission for 2 seconds. Morse Code of A: Morse Code of B: Both directional signals were on the same frequency and were distinguished by a Morse dash modulation on one signal and dot on the other. By counting the number of dots or dashes between the synchronization signal at the point at which the two signals are equal, the bearing could be determined to an accuracy of 0.6 degrees. If the aircraft was on a track roughly perpendicular to the beacon, the navigator could get a fix on it at two different locations along the flight path and use simple triangulation to determine the aircraft's position.

If the aircraft was on a track roughly perpendicular to the beacon, the navigator could get a fix on it at two different locations along the flight path and use simple triangulation to determine the aircraft's position. If the aircraft was on a track roughly perpendicular to the beacon, the navigator could get a fix on it at two different locations along the flight path and use simple triangulation to determine the aircraft's position. A system that worked over thousands of kilometers. Accurate bearings up to 1600km (1000mi). It allowed aircraft and U-boats to take fixes in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. A system that worked over thousands of kilometers. Accurate bearings up to 1600km (1000mi). It allowed aircraft and U-boats to take fixes in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. A Master transmitter in Thuringia and several slave transmitters as far apart as Northern Spain and South Norway were sending timed signals.

During World War 2, there were up to 7 Elektra and 12 Sonne stations operational. The system continued in use for many years after the war. Most Consol stations switched off by 1980.

References: http://www.vectorsite.net/ttwiz_10.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorenz_beam http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-electronicnavigatinsystms.html http://www.cdvandt.org/Navigati.pdf http://uboat.net/forums/read.php?20,64097,64100#msg-64100 http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/ETO/Ultra/SRH-025/index.html http://www.frequencyfinder.org.uk/navbook/History.pdf http://jproc.ca/hyperbolic/consol.html