MICRO AND MACRO EFFECTS OF POOR MANAGEMEMNT IN COOPERATIVE SCOEITY (A CASE STUDY OF KANO COOPERATIVE FEDERATION) BY SAKINA BALA

ADAMU HND/COM/09/1053

BEING A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COOPERATIVE, ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMEMNT (CEM). KANO STATE POLYTECHNIC, SCHOOL OF MANAGEMEMNT STUDIES (SMS)

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE WARTD OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN COOPERATIVE, ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMEMNT (CEM)

2012

DECLARATION I here by declare that the work is the product of my own research efforts. Undertaken by the sper vision and will not be presented elsewhere for the award of HND certificate all sources have been duly acknowledge.

DEDICATION This project is dedicated to my dad. ALHAJI BALA ADAMU, my mom HAJIYA SAUDATU UMAR & Finally to my beloved husband ALHASSAN SIDI UMAR.

APPROVAL PAGE This is to certify that, this project has been read and approved by the under signed as meeting there requirements for the award of higher National Diploma (HND) in cooperative economic and management (CEM)

Dr. Yahaya Ibrahim Project supervisor

Date

Mal. Rufai Muhammad Faragai Head of Department (HOD)

Date

Mal. Adamu Umar

Date

Project Coordinator

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Praises to almighty Allah (S.A.W), the most gracious, the creator, the protector, the Beneficent and the merciful who made it possible in everything i do throughout my life. Alhamdulillah! For all the success he had grated me throughout my learning education endeavours it is indeed a blessing from only you my lord. My humble gratitude goes to my parents especially my beloved father ALHAJI BALA ADAMU for all their forms of support may Allah blessings overshadow you and your family always (Amen). Words of mouth are too small to express my gratitudes to you my beloved husband (ALHASSAN SIDI UMAR) because you are one in a billion, a special creature indeed may there be light in every path you follow and may Allahs mercy, blessing and love on you and your family be a circle that goes on and on forever. Amen. I love you mine. I am extremely grateful to my project supervisor at the same time lecturer Dr. YAHAYA IBRAHIM for his imounse contributions, patience, sacrifice and scholarly guidance in going through the manuscript without this could have lost its purpose & quality. I REALLY APPRECIATE SIR: my warmly & loving shouldout goes to my lovely son YAHAYA SIDI ALHASSAN (SHAHEED) and to my family members especially HAJIYA HUWAILA (MAMA), MUHAMMAD, FAIZA, BASHIR, AMINU, MUSTAFA, NAFIU, NAFISA, MUAZZAM, RAHAMA & SADIYA. I cant forget you sisters DIYANA & AISHA. May your parents soul rest in piece.

MY SPECIAL APPRECIATIONS goes to the family members of ALHAJI SIDI UMARU all love and caring they have suffered to me. SHUKHRAN Finally to my friends especially (DANGICOUS), course mates, well-wishes and neighbours. I WILL REALLY MISS YOU.

ABSTRACT The research study was conducted with an attempt to investigate the causes of micro and macro problems of cooperative management in Nigeria with reference to Kano cooperative federation. The research work was carried out through the administration of questionnaire to fifty (50) respondents with the main purpose of evaluating the performance of Kano Cooperative federation. Furthermore, while conducting the research, it was realized that lack of membership education members, limited involvement and participation by members, membership drive, shortage of extension workers, fraud by management members and excessive government control were the major constraints of Kano cooperative Federation. As a result that, the researcher has suggested possible ways to solving the problem through improving positive effects of macro and micro problems of cooperative.

CHAPTER ONE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Cooperative is formed by group of persons who organised them selves together for the purpose of improving their working and living condition through undertaking some economic activities such as cooperative management not very much different from the management of other forms of business enterprises. A cooperative business enterprises management in specific term is a system of consciously coordinated personal activities of two or more persons or groups of have diverse surplus value view and mindset, viewed from the perspective. The cooperative business management groups individual with varying surplus and preferences to come together and engaged in exchange of ideas towards their economic and social development. Nowadays, cooperatives in Nigeria failed to attain their objectives as a result of poor management which is caused by many problems viz-aviz macro and micro problems. Micro problems consist of underfinanced, literacy and management committee prenature starts of inroad involvement and participation. Macro problem of cooperative in Nigeria also include fraud, excessive government consist that affects the aggregate functioning of cooperative especially at higher level. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY (kano cooperative federation) (K.C.F) The Kano state cooperative federation which come into existence on 27th July 1976, was formed under the Kano State

cooperative society law No9 of 1956 with registration No Kn 34 in year 1970 the organisation started its business with eight registered cooperative Union in the following administration area: a. Kano metropolitan cooperative Union b. Hadejia Gumel and kazaure Union c. Kano north central Cooperative Union d. Kano South East Cooperative Union e. Kano South West Cooperative Union. f. Kano South Cooperative Union. Only registered Union are members of kano Cooperative federation but the creation of Jigawa Created in Kano State were Kano cooperative federation has Union in all the fourty four local government in the entire kano State. 1.21 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY AREA (KCF) The aims and objectives of kano state cooperative federation include, promoting the economic and cultural interest of the member society the principles and more particularly to present the business operation of the members by arranging for supply of such goods of the members product considered necessary. Set up a research information and statistical department for the promotion of cooperatives. To assist member society department matters and to arrange for their legal representation if required. To participate in the activities of any cooperative banking or insurance organisation for the benefit of members carryout function to improve the economic stability of members as well as to initiate and expand the cooperative commercial activities throughout kano state.

1.2.2 ROLE PLAYED BY KANO COOPERATIVE FEDERATION Kano cooperative federation players an important role towards the economic development of Kano. Among the contribution are used to become government agent on essential commodities, that it acted on behalf of the government in distributing essential commodities in all parts of the state. The organisation helped in curving inflation in the state by selling essential commodities at cheaper price. It also served as a distributor to some of the manufacturing companies like the PZ Liverpool brothers and Nigeria flour mills also helps in the development of cooperative movement in the state. It organize seminar organisation toward attainment of goals and objectives of the organisation. POOR MANAGEMENT Is a system in which the mechanism of controlling, planning coordinating and organising are not efficient to address the organisation objectives and workshop shows the community the importance of the cooperative Organization towards the development of Socio-economic interest of the people and the community at large. The organization act as a federal government agent for the distribution of the fertilizer to present farmers in Villages as well as on behalf of the government purchase grains from people which can be used by the government for future or emergency needs. 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In view of the persistent increase in the distress of cooperation societies the question arises as to what they are distressed. This research will attempt to findout by discussing both the high rate of distress in the cooperation societies and causes of micro and macro problems of cooperative management in Nigeria with reference to KCF, Ltd. The problems involves lack of membership education under finance, limited involvement and participation by members, membership drive, shortage of extension workers fraud by management members and excessive government control. As a result of the mention problems the researcher will findout why, despite the various cooperative institutions established by different governments to boost the cooperative but still they move towards distress. Therefore their is also need of high lighting the possible ways of solving the problems through improving positive effects of micro and macro problems of cooperative. 1.4 HYPOTHESIS This refers to the tentative statement set for a test; it is the starting assumption on observation of fact. H1 lack of cooperative knowledge contributed to the poor management of cooperatives H2 lack of adequate finance hinders. The progress in Kano cooperative federation management. H3 Capital formation is the station to the problems of Kano cooperative federation management.

1.5 AIMS OF STUDY The operating environment of cooperative in Nigeria is characterized by a very complex and admixture of dynamicity. In order to ensure a better management of cooperative in Nigeria. Many policies and programmes were established by different governments. The aim of the study is to objectively determine the real cause of the current distress in Nigeria. The study also aims to develop a more comprehensive frame work for prompt and efficient resolution of the problem of negative effects of micro and macro management of cooperative. 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Quite a number of studies on cooperative have been conducted in Nigeria such as that of Sacto (1990), Horoer (1990), Okerie and Mitter (1990) and Aloe and Ajayi (1990). None of these studies was significantly addresses the proble/distress and causes of poor management in Nigerian cooperatives. Therefore, the study will provide the first research on that topic. - It is hoped that the study would assist the government in promoting the level of cooperative in the country. - The researcher will also provide information on the problems and distress in Nigerian cooperative and offer possible recommendation on how to overcome the problems. - Lastly the research will hope to assist the researcher in conducting their studies and will promote the cooperative movement at local state as well promote the cooperative movement at local state as well as national levels.

1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY The study covers Kano cooperative federation or limited which is the case study area, it also covers the main causes of micro and macro problems of cooperatives in Nigeria. There is a short period of time given by school authority for completion of the project also inadequate information from both respondants and secondary sources of information. Another problem and limitation that researcher come across are financial problems as well as transportation problem. 1.8 DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES According to international labour cooperative societies can be defined as an association of person who have voluntary joined together to achieve a common goal and through the information of democratically controlled organization; making equitable contribution to the capital required and a share of the risk and benefit of the undertaking in which the members actively participate (ILO 1960). KANO COOPERATIVE FEDERATION (K.C.F) Kano Cooperative Federation (KCF) is grown by 44 local governments under the cooperative credit and marketing coorperative union of each local government all this union in the 44 local governments have their own primary society under them and this apex (KCF) is voluntary organization formed by primary societies from the grassroot i.e. primary societies and they have shares in (KCF) Kano Cooperative Federation.

DISTRESS: Distress is ordinary parlance can note unhealthy situation or state of inability or weakness which prevent the achievement of set goals and aspiration (Smith and wall 1992 ologun 1994). MICRO AND MACRO EFFECTS Micro examine or deals with face to face contact among individual and personal points of view in society while macro deals with large scale social events of society meaning thingd that has public concern. MANAGEMENT Management is a process by which extent of group are unintegrated coordinated and utilized as to effectively of workers in an. CHAPTER TWO INTRODUCTION This chapter is about activities of cooperative society in Nigeria, in this chapter relevant literature reviews is presented in the following orders. CONCEPTUAL AND THEORITICAL BACKGROUND These lack of management is carried out in the content of an organization over the years or so the development of Culcoment theories in explain organizational performance have moved away from approaches that relied purely on a consideration of structural or human relation issues in favour of more comprehensive perspectives. Early idea about the affect of management in Nigeria cooperative were thought of as machines

requiring efficient use of resource especially human resources in the service of a mechanistic model organization. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE What is management? There is no generally accepted definition of management, an activity although classic definition is still held to be that of Henri Fayol. His general statement about management in many ways, still remain valid after eight years and has only been adapted by more recent written as follows below. To manage is forecast and to organize comment to coordinate and to control H. FAYOL. Management is an optional process initially best discrete by analysing managerial function. The five essential management function are planning; organizing, staffing, directing and controlling, KOONT and BGNNELL (1984). Management can be defined as a process of combining and utilizing or of allocating an organization inputs (men, materials and money) by planning, organizing, directing and controlling for the purpose of producing outputs (goods, and services or whatever the objects are) deserved by customers so that the organizational objectives are accomplished. In the process, work is performed with and through organization personnel in an ever changing organizational environment. Thus, those who carry out the activities as defined above are managers: Management is characteristically demonstrated in getting things done through and with other people.

FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT The function of management are the means by which nonmanagers are assigned the task that they carry out, apply or execute, let us examine them briefly: PLANNING Planning establishes the frame work or boundaries within which people make decisions and carryout actions in the future, planning therefore, anticipates future events problems and relationship and in the way, it develops a series of alternative approaches to guide an action towards desired goals, and then decide what to do, why or to what end, when to do it, how to do it, and where to do it before action is taken. Planning involves setting goals and objectives, put determination of objectives, strategies, procedures, methods, programmes and rules, required in guiding the combination and utilizing of an organizations human material and money resources for process which takes a rational and decision making approach and recognises problems, evaluates relevant information, develops alternatives courses of action assesses the possible consequences of each alternatives and select the best course of action called plan (Trawartha et al 1976). ORGANISING To plan what to do, the need crisis that what is to be done should be divided into tasks and assigned to people to perform. So planning intricately involves an organizing function. So planning intricately involve, and organizing function. And organizing

involves a decision of total action is termed departmentalizing them into specialities and assigns the men, materials and money resources need for the work unit including work and assigning resources. It identifies the relevant relationship between groups and establishes the hierarchy which we earlier said is one of the attributes of organizations. Thus, it gives people at various level of the hierarchy, the authority or the right act at all stages necessary for the work and considers the social and economic consequences associated with the various organizational designs. In generals, organizing is concerned with combining peoples, work to be done and physical factors into a meaningful structure that will contribute to an achievement of goals. Organizing also co-ordinates, that is blends efforts of all members for an efficient and effective result. DIRECTING Organizing establishes a hierarchy in organization, making for superior-subordinate relationship at work and thus gives rise to superior directing their subordinates to do tasks assigned to them. Directing guide the activities of personnel in a way the is previews to be necessary since, directing of activities of subordinates by their superior is done, though communication, motivation, leadership, training and personal influence while directing provides a sense of direction for behaviour at work, it is closely inter-related with other functions of planning organizing and controlling.

Communication in the directly functions closely relates to responsibility relation. CONTROLLING Controlling is the action by which a superior monitors or checks current operations and compares result with goals and other standards of performance established during the planning function it current activities and or result deviation from original plans, or standards, corrective action is required to get things back on path, so the establishment of standards, the comparism of performance with standard set at the planning stage, the feedback of any deviation to a higher level of management for action, and the correcting of such deviations from the standard are all the factors that come within the embrace of controlling. DECISION MAKING Management process or the performance of management functions of planning, organizing, directing and controlling is carried out through decision making activities. For example, the management in planning takes decisions establishing objectives policies, procedures etc. Decision making also comes in when organizing that is, when dividing and combining works as well as assigning responsibilities and authority to men in a hierarchy decision making is therefore regarded as the prime of activities comprising management process. and authority relations established during organizing actions. It is a facilitating function of organizational

To make decision is to make judgement regarding what we ought to do in a certain situation after having deliberated on some alternative course of action. Thus, decision making compiles a choice among two or more alternatives course of action. A situation that does not involve choice, does not actually involve decision. In choosing from alternatives courses of action, the decision maker must follow some known decision making processes which have just mentioned and now outline as below:1. To define and problem to be solved 2. Recognized relevant factors that bear on the problem 3. Analyze and evaluate the impact of the relevant factors 4. Weight alternative solutions before arriving at the stage of choice. 5. Their make a choice which involves judgement. Hence, decision-making take the approach of scientific methods. MANAGEMENT AS IT RELATES TO COOPERATIVES Management as it relates to cooperatives is means of achieving the aims/objectives of the cooperative societies by the elected officers/committee in accordance to the cooperative principles. MANAGEMENT FUNCTION IN COOPERATIVE SOCIETY As in private enterprise, cooperative management comprises the basic management functions, these include: planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling. These functions, commonly referred to as PODCC, are the five basic steps, which must be

taken in any cooperative enterprises that aspire to thrive. Success can never be achieved in defiance of those management functions. The management function of planning Is the thoughtful determination and systematic arrangement of all the factor required to achieve the goals and objectives of the cooperatives enterprise. MANAGEMENT TERMS IN A COOPERATIVE ENTERPRISE In a cooperative organization, we have the following management groups charged with various responsibilities as the people that oversee the affairs (day to day running of the affairs of the cooperatives enterprise). They include the General Meeting. The committee of management, the supervising committee, voluntary un-paid management and the manager. We will now take them one by one in discussion. THE GENERAL MEETING This is the supreme Organ in a cooperative eneterprise. In other words, that is the meeting of all the members of the cooperative society. Each member is entitles to one note. This general meeting is empowered to prove the reports on the work and the balance sheet of the financial year; to decide how many surplus of the years business should be used, to elect the members of the various committees; to direct the affairs of the society; to approve the internal rules and amendments to the bye-laws; to decide on the amalgamation of the cooperative with another organization; and to approve the budget for any financial year. In short all powers belong to the annual General Meeting.

At this juncture, it is pertinent to highlight in details other function of the general meeting or annual general meeting they include:1. To confirm the minutes of the previous annual general meeting and any other interviewing special meeting. 2. To consider the report of the committees and the annual accounts and balance sheet as approved by the Register together with the report of the adult of the accounts of the previous year as prepared by Register or the persons authorized by him. 3. To elect the officers of the registered society 4. To transact any other general business of the registered society. At times, ordinary general meetings are held when the need arises. In such cases, they perform the following functions: a. The fixing of maximum liability of the members b. The fixing of maximum credits limits c. They consider audit and register reports d. They ordinary general meeting considers members complaints and suggestions as they arise. VOLUNTARY UNIPARD MANAGEMENT This is a type of management team in which members volunteers themselves to perform some management duties or the other without being paid. This is the fourth principle of raiffeisen. Raiffeisen feared that any management that was paid would develop a special and subjective interest in making high profits in order to guarantee its being paid high wages.

THE COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT This committee is elected by the General meeting, the committee carries out the policy decided by the general meetings of the cooperative. The committee of management is entrusted to conduct directly or indirectly the day to day business of the cooperative enterprises. The chairman of the committee represent the cooperative to third parties. He may delegate some of his powers to directors or to the manager with assist him in his duties this committee must inform the members on the activities of the cooperative, on the problems to be solved, and stimulate their participation in the enterprises. The committee of manage is responsible for all the assets of the cooperative and has to make sure that the accounts are properly and regularly kept and conform with existing rules. FUNCTION OF THE COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT a. The committee of management must take care of the good running of the cooperative, it must plan control and direct the affairs of the cooperative. b. The committee of management must look after the cooperative. It should organise training session for the members: workshop, seminars, conferences, symposia etc. c. The committee of management delegates responsible to the manager. d. The committee of management approves the activities of the cooperative, provides the means, and supervises the cooperative implementation of programmes and projects etc,

e. The committee of management of programmes and projects etc. Meeting, celebrations etc. NOTE: the members of the committee are always elected from the members of cooperative and not from the government department or from outside. THE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE Auditors or members of the supervisory committee are elected by the general meeting. The committee members are usually elected to inspect the committee of management and the staff of the cooperative. The members always make sure that the decision of the general meetings are carried out by the committee of the cooperative. They ascertain that the accounts are regularly kept and are accordance with the existing cooperative rules and government laws. At the end of the year. They are responsible to the accomplishment of these duties constitute a guarantee for the members who are not in a position to supervise themselves. FUNCTION OF THE SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE a. To supervise means to audit b. It is not permissible to serve on both the management committee and the supervisory committee at the same time. c. The supervising committee act as a check on the activities of the members of the committee of management this will serve to their sence of probity, accountability and itselfless service to their society. This will in turn lead to the growth of their cooperative.

THE MANAGER The manager just like in every business enterprises does the planning, controlling, directing and coordinating the programme of activities of the cooperative. He also reports on results, lie compares results with targets set and finally, purposes necessary changes if any. We should note that the manager runs the business on the instructions of the committee of management which represents the members. The manager of a cooperative, does not necessarily need to be a member of the society. He can be hired from outside. He must be one who is trained in the art of business management and cooperative science. MACRO AND MICRO EFFECTS OF POOR MANAGEMENT Poor management in cooperative are noted as belonging the less privilege or poor unskilled workers in factories and other establishment this is because they are generally below poverty line making. Is possible top them to have poor standard of living. It shows various circles. In macro effect which comprises fraud and eccessive government control over cooperative. In choosing cooperative as the form of economic organisation, members expect them to achieve objective and goals and not for any idealistic, uneconomic platitude of theories. To further solidify the economic position of our cooperative government should withdraw some of her incentives to

cooperative to make them so viable initiative and innovate enough and business like. The micro effect is what member or members benefit being a member of cooperative society which in the absence of good management member cannot benefit. It this include. 1. Provide economy quality farmers supplies of responsible cost price. 2. Provide economy of large purchasing of farm supplies seeds, fertilizer chemicals etc. 3. Enable farmers to sell their produce at better pricess through collective bargaining. 4. They aim to eliminate the unnecessary profit of middle man in trade and commerce. 5. They aim to promote mutual understanding and education among their members, and in long run, among the people in general. Thus, if the management of cooperative are ineffective, in efficient and poorly manage the members will not benefit from any listed above.

CHAPTER THREE 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the source of relevant data and information required for the purposes of this study although several technique and approaches can be used in carrying out a project work of this nature however, in carrying out this study question was administered on residants (respondents) of the Kano state cooperative federation has taken out as a case study. It was considered as the easiest way of gathering information from a numbers of people because it saves the respondents accurately write time and answers. 3.2 INSTRUMENT USED Due to the fact the researcher samples consist of performance evaluation of integrated of poor management cooperative. The researcher therefore finds its necessary to use questionnaire because it is easy to fill and the return rate is usually high. The instrument used in appendix. The secondary data used in this study was obtained from book. Journals and other published material. 3.3 POPULATION The target population for this study was that all the resident of kano cooperative federation operation area in kano state but because of the level of this research, it was limited with kano cooperative federation. 3.4 SAMPLE SIZE

A randomsampleof60 respondent were picked from area under standing out of the 60 questionnaire administered on the respondent, atotalof63 questionnaire were collected back from the respondents. Three the questionnaire could because, they were not properly completed. The remaining so questionnaire was used for the study. 3.5 ADMINISTRATIO OF QUESTIONNAIRE Data in the collected from the responses of the respondents in the questionnaire by taking 1one in the appropriate columns provided on each question (item) being closed ended i.e. YES or NO. 3.6 ANALYISI OF DATA After collection of the data classified and tabulated frequency distribution and sample percentages of all the responses obtained from the questionnaire in all questions for answering them . TABLE 2: sex distribution table of respondents 4.2.2 Table

The table above shows that majority of the respondents are made as represented 38 or 76% while the remaining 12 are 24% are of female. Male are more concerned with cooperative activities than female in Kano state.

TABLE 3: marital status distribution table of respondents 4.2.3 Table

The above table shows that majority of the respondents are marriage as represented 27 or 54%while the remaining 23 or 46% are of single. TABLE 4: level of education distribution table respondents 4.2.4 Table

The above table shows that majority of the respondents have post secondary as represented 20 or 40%, 15 or 30%

CHAPTER FOUR 4.1 INTRODUCTION This data collected were tabulated in a sample percentage and sample table calculated to the degree of responses made by the respondents and the implication there form. 4.2 DATA PRESENTATION ANALYSIS The chapter focused on the presentation analysis and inter presentation of data collected through the questionnaires the study was guided by 16 questioning. Equally emphasis was given to all questions. the data collected are presented in simple percentage on tables the respondents by number is 50 gender The question asked in the questionnaire and the respondents are presented and analyzed as follows: Table 1: Age table of respondents

The table above shows that majority of the age of 21-30 years as presented by 33 or 66% of the total respondents 9 or 18% are of the age of 31-40, 5 or 10% are of the age of 41-50 while the remaining 3 or 6% are of the age of 51 and above. Table 2: sex-distribution table of respondents 4.2.2 Table

% while the remaining The table above or shows that majority of the respondents are amde as represented or% are of female. Male respondents are larger than the females because they are more concerned with cooperative activities than female in Kano state. Table : marital status distribution table of respondents 4.2.3 Table

The above table shows that majority respondents are marriage as respondents 27 or 54% while the remaining 23 or 46% are of single. TABLE 4: level of education distribution table respondents 4.2.4 Table

The above table shows that majority of the respondents have post secondary as represented 20 or 40%, 15 or 30% Have post primary, 10 or 20% adult-education while the remaining 5 or 10% are of primary. TABLE 5: occupated level of the respondents 4.2.5 table

The above indicate that almost all the respondents are farmer as given 32 or 64% of the total respondents, 16or 32% are for traders while the 2 or 4% of the total are civil servants. TABLE 6: respondents cooperative federation. 4.2.6 Table opinion on the significance of Kano

The question asked in the table above was weather Kano according federation is significant to there secretes? According to all the respondents answered in the affirmation yes: TABLE 7: Respondents opinion of provision of cash loans to cooperative societies by kano cooperative federation. 4.2.7 Table

The above table shows that majority of the respondents anbswred yes as represented 31 or 62% while the remaining 19 or 38% of the total respondents.

TABLE 8: respondents opinion toward provision of educational services to cooperative societies by Kano cooperative federation. 4.2.8 Table

The above questions in the regard was does Kano cooperative federation provide educational services to cooperative societies? The table above shows that all the respondents answered yes as represented or % TABLE 9: respondents opinion towards provision of production purchase advance to cooperative societies by kano cooperative federation 42.9 Table

The above table indicate that all the respondents believe that Kano cooperative TABLE 10: federation. federation private produce purchase advance as represented 50 or 100%. respondents opinion towards the provision of non economic service to cooporative societies by Kano cooperative