UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATIONS (EDU 573) PREPARED BY NURUL HUDA BINTI ISHAK (2011711557) PERDAGANGAN B PREPARE FOR PN.ROSLAILI ANUAR

Question 1: What do you understand of instructional technology? In 21th century technology are more important as others. Now it becomes necessities in our life. Can you image that all the things business, educations, communication, transportations and others there almost 99% using the technology. Instructional technology is process using method, tools and equipment using in the class to deliver the knowledge for educational goals. Korea is one of the best educational system in the world that use instructional technology in their learning process. Instructional technology is not only the software and hardware that we used in class but it involve other devices and gadget such as camera, Global Position System (GPS), Internet, Android, hand phone, Ipad, visual aid and others. Education is the largest industry that using technology rapidly. The using of instructional technology in classroom is more fun, interesting and attract the students to learn more and understand the learning process. By using instructional technology, students can feel and understand the problems and situations regarding their subjects and search the information about the subject through database, Wikipedia, dictionary, map, blog and answer all the learning needs. Furthermore, instructional technologies in classroom are much easier because it was a direct access to the subject. This method allows the students using digital materials and electronic materials such as audio, image and videos. For example for Geography subject, when teacher shows the students using mapping mash up, the website can apply of mixes information from varieties sources. The mapping mash up can also help the students to search location and see the weather, places where it marks with texts, pictures, audios, online resources and others. The classroom presentations are more convenient by using the electronic tools because it assists students to understand the situations. In the classroom itself students can use Microsft Excel, Word, Power Point to show data, informations and facts to make students more understand the concept. Teacher and students working together to find the solutions and it can improve relationship between teacher and students. Students also will ask the question and became Active learner. By using instructional technology, student tend to more understand and remember the subject that they learn because in this method, they using audio, video and the visual. Nevertheless, teacher must more active and must know how to communicate well with their students. That is why teacher need to have idea and effort to know student better so the use of blog can be benefit too. Blog is a written diary for people who like to share their opinion, thought, experience and daily activities. A usual blog will have text, images, and links to blogs, websites, videos, and audio file to share with viewers. Some of teachers will have blog to update their notes and activities for students .Students and teacher can share problems and opinion in blog or forum.

Students also can mail their inquiry regarding their subject to their teacher and the teacher will answer all the questions to students. As simple as that. Our country should example Korean school because they use instructional technology as medium between teachers and students. In Korea students are very independent and they know their goals in learning process. Learning process it not only finished in school. For the left out children, teacher will provide additional exercise and CD, guidance or forum for them do the exercise in house. They even can communicate with each other regarding the problems in school. Even though instructional technology has a lot of benefits there have a bit disadvantages in education especially in social problems such as if students may abuse their knowledge to other interest. Example for children and young adults they should not goggling or surfing any web that not related to their studies and parents and adults are responsible to monitoring them and make sure the parenting control in the computer is set first. For example if parents /adults not monitoring their children using of Facebook,Twiter, Instagram and other social networking can bring them to bad attitude and psychology .Children tend to know everything and they like to do something they like without knowing the consequences that will come to them. Lastly instruction technology is suits with education system in Malaysia because student are more independent in giving ideas, and the using of media and technology enabled methods of learning making more fun and enable students to access source of knowledge and flexible.

Question 2 : Provide an example to explain the difference between media, media format and instructional material.

Media is a channel of communication to assist in communication. Without medium people cannot interact with each other .Media is the most important tools that can bring privilege to us. Media carries information between a source and a receiver and its have 6 categories of media. There are text, video, visual, audio, people and manipulative (object). Text is service component that have in mobile, web, and other devices that allow communications. Text is combination of alphabet from alphabet A-Z and numbers and a symbol such as *& and #. This word will become meaning to the readers. Now day, it rapidly increases because using of text is very simple and easy to send and to use because text can use anytime without any condition. There are 4 factors that influence text such as Typeface, fonts, style. There are two methods to produce text one is scan the printed texts using scanner and using software in the computers such as notepad, Microsft Words and others. Audio is a form of sound that have frequency and a human audibility sound that we use to hear .With the sound people can feel and boost the feeling as well .For example radio only display as a sound and we cannot see the image but, people who hear the radio can feel the radio presenter feeling and stories and also enjoy the music that had been played. It shows that without a visual, human can express their feeling and as a medium of technology . The visual is very important to attract the viewers especially on presentations. It really helps the students more understands especially referring data ,graph , diagram and pictures. Visual usually have colours and animation to attract the viewers. Video is a moving image that have audio, picture, visual. Video can stimulate our feelings. Video are determined by size, colour, time and sound. For the educational purposes video is the best because if the students the watch the video user can feel the feelings of what that see .For example they watch the program of bersamamu they also can feel and experience what are people in that program are facing the obstacles for surviving their lives. People are someone who run the project .Without the people, all the visual, video, audio and visual cannot been create, manage and explore. People who responsible to discover all this application. Manipulative (object) is the software or tools that to the things that media can depends on such as OHP, Disc, Projector and others. Media format is how data is organized .it also a format that data can read save and run. It support software in Microsoft Media player .The format for Window Media Player is Advanced System format that contain audio video and meta data, indexes and scripts.The examples of data format is MOV, WMV, AVI, MPEG, MP3, OGG, WMA

Meanwhile, The instructional Material is various component to assist learning using in learning process .Divided into two categories .Non projected media such as photographs ,diagrams display and models. For Projected media there are slides ,filmstrips transparencies and others. With instructional material student will be able to a follow and understand learning process. If teacher use different kind of instructional materials such as visual picture, coloring visual and flashcards in the classrooms surely it will became interactive class. The reason why instructional material is important it can motivate the students to understand the subject. Other than that, it helps the students from boredom. Student will get bored using only their text book. With assist of instructional materials its really gain students interest in studying the subject especially in History subject. For Example in History subject, teacher should take some effort to attract their student by using a coloring mind mapping or interesting visual or video from syllabus by syllabus .It really effective and more systematic. The teacher also can use still picture that shows h when, where, why and how the event happened using a drawing ,motion picture, over head projector,(OHP),Liquid Crystal Display(LCD) and others. Question 3: How do you teach by using constructivist approach? Constructivist approach is interaction between ideas and experiences and a learning style where teacher will act like a facilitator. The student will explore, manage, create and learn by themselves (hands on) to solve the problems such as research and others. By using constructivist approach student are more active in learning, they try to answer the questions, solve the problems, asking their own questions in this will make them have their own learning journey and their own outcomes. In the other hand, there are six elements in Constructivist approach. Firstly is Situation. Teacher are responsible to give title and description to students before they solve their problems, give answers the questions, making the decision and teacher have to expects the answer from the students. Secondly are grouping. Make them into groups so that students can share the ideas and express their knowledge freely and interactively. Students will communicate with each other and this process will lead them to decision making. Thirdly is the bridge. Bridge will determine students prior knowledge. It also determines the students between what they know and what they just learn. Fourthly is Questions. In questions session, teacher are responsible to introduce situation, arrange the groups, and set up the bridge. Teacher also needs to expect questions from students and encourage them to explain their thinking. Fifthly is exhibit. Students need to record their ideas into writing, graph paper, video, visual, cards or others so that teacher and other students can clearly know their objectives, goal and solutions. Lastly are reflections. Reflections students though and situations what

attitude skills and concept will students have and what they learn from the session. This is important to the teacher to know the impact. I do believe in Constructivist approach. In my classroom, For example, I assign the students a simple task, give them a topic that related to the subject and divide them into groups .I prefer they choose their own group member because for me it is easier for them to communicate. Then ,I gives them a newspapers/article/magazine to make sure they can search the topic in all sources that I gives. They will look out for topic and discuss it with their group member. 10 minute is enough to discuss with their groups. Lastly ask them to presents their topic and their opinion about what they learn for today lesson and we together discuss the issue and ask students opinion and what they think about the topic. As a teacher, I am just giving command and some of directions to them so that they know their path. They will look out for their problem solving and solutions. The results for the students also are very outstanding. The students seem to be happy with that approach. They also self driven and more students centered. In the nutshell I see that constructivist approach is very effective because the students working into groups, in groups they interact with each other and cooperation in distributing the ideas and express their knowledge. When time of discussion, students tent to have very good questions and answer, debate for the topic. They also have very good conclusions of their problem solving .Constructivist approach also build on their prior knowledge in their studies and student centered where student independent in giving ideas and thoughts. ,