WSH Risk Assessment Awareness Workshop Education Industry

13th Mar 2012 By Siva NTUC LHUB LHUB_WSH_BCSS (Eng)_V3.0

Purpose of this Session

To understand legal obligations To Identify Common Hazards at the workplace To explain the legal requirements for risk management; To explain the responsibilities for each party in risk management; To explain the methods for hazard identification and risk assessment; (Hands on Exercise)

Learning Objectives
Understand the hazards and risks associated with your work;
Conduct the risk assessment in compliance with WSH(Risk Management) Regulation and guidelines requirements;

Ensure proper establishment, implementation and maintenance of risk assessment

WSH Act 2006

WSH Act: An Act relating to the safety, health and welfare of persons at work in workplace

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Key features of WSH Act

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Duty to take, so far as is reasonably practicable, such measures as are necessary to ensure workplace safety and health 16

Duty Holders under WSH Act

Duty Holders under Liability Regime

Duty Holders under Liability Regime

Duty Holders under Liability Regime Principal

- To take so far is reasonably practicable to ensure that any

contractor/supplier engaged by them - has the necessary expertise to carry out the work - have sufficient experience & training to do the work - have obtained necessary license, permit, certificate etc - has conducted RA & communicated to all persons involved. - has taken adequate safety & health measures (machinery, plant, equipment, process/article, employee etc) - Contract agreement clause to exempt will not hold.

Duty Holders under Liability Regime

Occupier
It shall be the duty of every occupier of any workplace to take, so far as is reasonably practicable, such measures to ensure that (a) the workplace; (b) all means of access to or egress from the workplace; and (c) any machinery, equipment, plant, article or substance kept on the workplace, are safe and without risks to health to every person within those premises, whether or not the person is at work or is an employee of the occupier.

Duty Holders under Liability Regime

Employees/ Person @ Work
- To adhere with Company SOP & RA etc - Not to willfully or recklessly interfere with or misuse any appliance, convenience, equipment or other means or thing provided

- Not to willfully or recklessly do any act which endangers the safety or health for himself or others
- A fine not exceeding $1000 for 1st time & $2000 for 2nd or subsequent conviction.

Duty Holders under Liability Regime

Duties of Manufacturer & Supplier
1. Ensure the availability of relevant information pertaining to safe use of machinery, equipment or hazardous substance. Ensure that machinery or equipment is erected, installed or modified safety and without risk to health, when properly used.
Examples of machineries and equipment: Scaffolds, lifting equipment, forklifts, power presses, bar benders, equipment and piping intended for operation under pressure or to contain corrosive, toxic or flammable substances, welding equipment etc. Examples of hazardous substances: Substances that are corrosive, flammable, explosive, oxidising, toxic, mutagens, carcinogens, irritants etc.

2.

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Duty Holders under Liability Regime

Duties of Erector/ Installer
Ensure that the machinery or equipment erected, installed or modified is safe and without health risk when properly used.

Duties of SelfEmployed Person

Still required to take measures to ensure the safety and health of others (not being his employees) who may be affected by any works carried out by him in the workplace.
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Duty Holders under Liability Regime

Section 47 of the WSHA states that :
it is alleged that any person failed to comply with a duty to do something so far as is reasonably practicable, it shall be for the accused to prove that (a) it was not reasonably practicable to do more than what was in fact done to satisfy that duty; or

(b) there was no better practicable means than was in fact used to satisfy that duty.

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Strengthen Personal Accountability

Enhanced Penalty

Any person at work who, without reasonable cause, does any negligent act which endangers the safety or health of himself or others shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable upon conviction to a fine not exceeding $30,000 or to27
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Extension of WSH Act 2011

Medium Risk High Risk

Low Risk Doesnt mean No Risk

Phase 3 Low Risk

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WSH Act Subsidiary Legislations

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WSH Committee Regulations 2009

WSH (WSH Committees) Regulations shall apply in relation to every factory in which 50 or more persons are ordinarily at work and excludes temporary work.

WSH Act (Amendment of Schedules) Fourth Schedule Workplaces Specified as Factories

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Formation of WSH Committee

Chairman: to perform the functions and duties of its chairman.
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Secretary: appoint WSHO as a Secretary

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Composition of WSH Committee: - Rep from work person not < than Rep. Mgmt
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Chairman Plant/Operation Manager

Secretary WSHO/WSHC

Meeting: - Shall meet at least once a month to discuss the safety matters
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Members/ Representatives

Members/ Representatives

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Function of WSH Committee

- Inspect the factory - At least once a month. - After accident or dangerous occurrence. - Provide Guidelines to promote a safe conduct of work

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Offences
Any person who contravenes these regulation shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction
(a)

for a first offence, to a fine not exceeding $10,000; and

(b) for a second or subsequent offence, to a fine not exceeding $20,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or to both.

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WSH (Incident Report) Regulations

WSH (Incident Report) Regulations

WSH (Incident Report) Regulations

The Regulation doesnt cover the followings:

Accident involves a person commuting to and

from any workplace in a company provided transport Accident occurs as a result a person driving any vehicle on a public road as part of his work Accident occurs in the course of work of a domestic worker
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WSH (Incident Report) Regulations

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WSH (Incident Report) Regulations

Penalties for Non-Compliances

First Offence MAX fine = $5,000 Second/ Subsequent Offence MAX Fine = $10,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months or both Knowingly makes any False Notifications/ Report => Max $5000 fine or jail term 6 months or both For more information:

http://www.mom.gov.sg/OSHD
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WSH (Incident Report) Regulations

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WSH (First Aid) Regulations

Responsibilities of Employer / Occupier:

Provision and maintenance of first-aid box Appointment and training of first-aiders Provision and maintenance of first-aid room for > 500 employees Provision of suitable facility for quick drenching of body or flushing of eyes where toxic or corrosive substances are used Penalties for Non- Compliances $5000- 1st Time Offence $10000 + 6 Months Jail for 2nd /subsequent offences

WSH (First Aid) Regulations

Provision of first-aid boxes
(1)Every workplace shall be provided with a sufficient number of first-aid boxes. (2) Where a workplace is located in a building, each floor of the building shall be provided with a sufficient number of first aid boxes. (3) Every first-aid box provided in a workplace shall (a) be adequately equipped; (b) be properly maintained; (c) be checked frequently to ensure that it is adequately equipped and that all the items in it are usable; (d) be clearly identified as a first-aid box; (e) be placed in a location that is well-lit and accessible; and (f) be under the charge of a person appointed by the occupier of the workplace. (4) Nothing except appliances or requisites for first-aid shall be kept in a firstaid box.
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WSH (First Aid) Regulations

First-aiders Where > than 25 persons 100 persons: 1 First Aider and additional 1 First aider for every 100 person Every first-aider shall maintain a record of all treatment rendered by him (fine not exceeding $5,000 ) A notice shall be affixed in every workplace stating the names of the first-aiders appointed

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WSH (Risk Management) Regulations

Work Injury Compensation Act

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Changes to WICA by 1 Jun 2012

Work Injury Compensation Act

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Changes to WICA by 1 Jun 2012

WSH Guidelines - Contractor Management

Client/Principal Responsibilities
- Ensure a formal evaluation of the contractor WSH Mgmt plan is done - Ensure contractors comply with the WSH requirements - Ensure contractors have undergone appropriate WSH training - Participate in RA & formulation of method statement - Ensure contractor implement control measures to minimize risk to all involved - Conduct worksite inspection - Monitor Contractors WSH performance
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WSHC Directors Guide

Recommended Action for the Directors

-Formalise leadership in safety and health for the organization - Accept a personal role in providing leadership for organization - Reflect S&H intentions for all decisions - Engage active participation of workers improving S&H - Directly oversee the S&H matters - Be kept informed of , and alert to, all relevant S&H matters
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Common Hazards in the

Workplace & Its Prevention

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Common Hazards in Education Sector

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Fall from Height Hazards

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Struck by Falling Objects

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Struck by Falling Objects

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Struck against Objects

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Manual Handling Hazards

Manual Handling any activity requiring the use of force to lift , lower, push, pull, carry or move a load.

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Noise Hazards

Electrical Hazards
Electrical Hazards: Electrical Shocks, Electrical burns, Fires or Explosion, Fatal

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Indoor Air Quality Hazards

A workplace with good air quality is where there is enough ventilation, the temperature of the space is at a comfortable range and the levels of airborne contaminants are low.

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Fire Hazards

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WSH(Risk Management) Regulations

& Risk Assessment (After Lunch)

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WSH Act- Subsidiary Legislations WSH (Risk Management) Regulations Effective on 1 September 2006
Every employer, self-employed person and principal

shall, prior to the commencement of work, conduct a RISK ASSESSMENT in relation to the safety and health risks posed to any person who may be affected by his undertaking
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WSH (Risk Management) Regulations

WSH (Risk Management) Regulations

Risk Management Regulations Imposes Duties On Stakeholders

Employers, Self-employed person and Principals (including contractors and subcontractors).

Duty Holders are to:

Assess risk before work

commences Eliminate the risk where possible, or if not take measures to control the risk Establish SWP Communicating the risk and control measures to the workers Revising RA
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In every workplace, these parties must take all reasonably practicable measures/steps to eliminate any foreseeable risk to any person who may be affected by his undertaking in the workplace.

{R4(1) WSH (RM) Regulations 2006}.

WSH (Risk Management) Regulations

Offences
Any employer, self-employed person or principal who fails to conduct, maintain a record and review of risk assessment shall be guilty of an offence. First Offender - Max Fine of $10,000 Repeat Offender Max Fine of $20,000 or Jail Term not exceeding 6 months or BOTH

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What is Risk Management ?

Risk Management is a key component of the new Workplace Safety and Health Act (WSH Act). aims to reduce risks at source making stakeholders accountable for managing the risks they create. Risk Management entails: Risk assessment; Control and monitoring of risks; and Communicating these risks to all persons involved.
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What is Risk Assessment?

is an integral part of risk management. It is the process of: (HIRAC)
Identifying and analyzing safety and

health hazards associated with work; Assessing the risks involved; and Prioritizing measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks..

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Risk Management Process

Communication

1. Preparation Work
- Form risk assessment team - Gather relevant information - Identify activities for each process

2. Hazard Identification
Identify -Hazards associated with activity -Type of accidents/ incidents -Person at risk

3. Risk Evaluation

4. Risk Control
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5. Record Keeping
Management to approve and endorse risk assessment -Keep risk assessment reports for at least 3 years

6. Implementation & Review - Audit to

ensure control measures are in place and working -Review RA once every 3 yrs Whenever there are change to work process After any accident/ 86 incident

- Identify
existing control measures - Evaluate potential severity - Determine likelihood of occurrence - Assess risk level based on severity and likelihood

Determine additional control measures required to reduce the risk. - Assign action officer and followup date

Adopted from MOM Risk Assessment Guidelines 2006

Risk Assessment (RA)

Risk Assessment can be done by:

Establishing the risk assessment team Identifying all the hazards Identifying all the existing control measures Evaluating the risk levels Evaluating whether additional control measures are required

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Risk Assessment Team consists of:

Team Leader Management Staff Process/Facility Engineer Technical Personnel Supervisors Production Operators Maintenance Staff Safety Manager/Executive

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Roles & Responsibilities

Employers shall:

Assign a competent person leading the risk assessment

team Ensure that employees are aware of the risk assessment for their work Provide a register to record findings of risk assessment Inform all personnel involved about risks in the workplace and means to minimize / eliminate risks Ensure risk control measures are implemented at the end of risk assessment
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Roles & Responsibilities

Employers shall: Keep the risk assessment record for inspection for at least 3 years and submit it to Commissioner for Workplace Safety and Health if required Review and update the risk assessment at least once every 3 years or earlier if there is significant change to work or process Develop and implement safe work procedures for works that poses safety and health risks to workers Keep a written description of the safe work procedures and produce this to the inspector for inspection when required
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Roles & Responsibilities

Manager shall :

Ensure that RA is carried out

Ensure that risk control measures are implemented Approve the RA conducted for the Managers area.

Ensure that the risk level is not rated High Risk when approving work to be carried out.
Ensure that, where applicable, all operations have established SWPs. Ensure all persons exposed to the risks are informed of:
The nature of risks Any measures or SWP implemented; and The means to minimize or eliminate the risks.

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Roles & Responsibilities

RA Team leader/ Risk Champion shall: Assist the Employer as the focal point for coordinating RM within the workplace Recommend appropriate risk control measures to reduce or eliminate the risks identified; Prepare a record of the risk assessment; Ensure that the Risk Register is prepared & maintained Assist management in monitoring the effectiveness of risk control measures after their implementation.
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Roles & Responsibilities

Employees shall: Participate in risk assessments Adhere to the safe work procedures established to reduce any safety and health risks at the workplace Inform their supervisors of any shortcomings in the safe work procedures.

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When to do Risk Assessment?

Every employer, self-employed person and principal shall, prior to the commencement of work, conduct a RISK ASSESSMENT in relation to the safety and health risks posed to any person who may be affected by his undertaking For all Routine & Non-Routine Works
Science Practical lab (Physics/Chemical/Biology) Sports Meet Excursions Conducting classes Cleaning activity

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How to do Risk Assessment?

RISK ASSESSMENT

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK EVALUATION RISK CONTROL

Hazard Identification
1st Step In Risk Assessment
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Hazard Identification
Hazard is defined in WSHA as: Anything with the potential to cause bodily harm or injury, and includes any physical, chemical, biological, mechanical, psychosocial, electrical or ergonomic hazard. Hazards only be controlled if they are identified.

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Categories of hazards
The following categories of hazards should be considered: Physical (e.g., fire, noise, ergonomics, heat, radiation and manual handling) Mechanical (e.g., moving parts, rotating parts) Electrical (e.g., voltage, current, static charge, magnetic fields) Chemical (e.g., flammables, toxics, corrosives, reactive materials) Biological (e.g., blood-borne pathogens, virus (SARS), Anthrax etc) Others (e.g., hazards peculiar to the industry)

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Hazard Identification
WSH Hazards can be identified by considering
Surveys Consultation with employees, safety personnel and safety committee members Safety Auditors Finding Past Records and Data Analysis Surveillance and monitoring Discussions/ JSA Information from designers, manufacturers, suppliers, etc. Safety Data Sheets
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RA Activity : Identify at least one work process and its related work activity

RMCP Recommended 5x5 RA Template

Inventory Form

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Hazard Identification
Steps for Hazard Identification Step 1: Breakdown of activities (1b)

Step 2: Identify the hazards of each step (1c)

Step 3: Identify the consequence(s) of each hazard (1d)

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MOM 3x3 RA Template

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RMCP Recommended 5x5 RA Template

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Hazard Identification
Section 1 in Risk Assessment Form

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Identification of Existing Risk Controls

Section 2a. in Risk Assessment Form

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Risk Evaluation
2nd Step In Risk Assessment

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Risk:
The likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific bodily injury to any person. An unguarded coconut kernel de-shelling spindle is a HAZARD!

Coming into contact with the rotating machine while working on the de-shelling operation RISKs. severe injury, perhaps permanent disability.
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Risk Evaluation
The process of evaluating the probability (likelihood) and consequences (severity) of injury or illness arising from exposure to an identified hazard, and determining the appropriate measures for risk control
RISK ASSESSMENT

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION RISK EVALUATION RISK CONTROL

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Risk Evaluation
SEVERITY: Extent of harm or adverse effect due to a hazard or as a result of an accident/ incident
Table 1: Severity Categories And Description

Severity Minor

Moderate

Major

Description No injury, injury or ill-health requiring first aid treatment only (includes minor cuts & bruises, irritation, ill-health with temporary discomfort) Injury requiring medical treatment or ill-health leading to disability (includes lacerations, burns, sprains, fractures, dermatitis, deafness, work-related upper limb disorders) Fatal, serious injury or life-threatening occupational disease (includes amputations, major fractures, multiple injuries, occupational cancer & acute poisoning & fatal diseases)
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Risk Evaluation
LIKELIHOOD: The possibility or frequency of adverse effect occurrence due to a hazard

Table 2: Likelihood of Occurrence And Description

Likelihood (LLH)
Remote Occasional

Description
Not likely to occur Possible or known to occur

Frequent

Common or repeating occurrence

Depends on numerous factors: Existing control measure Possibility of misuse due to lack of maintenance, human error Duration of exposure Competence of people involved Condition of equipment and environmental conditions

Consider all existing control measures

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Risk Evaluation
RISK MATRIX

Table 3: Risk Matrix to determine Risk Level

Likelihood Remote Severity Major Moderate Minor Medium risk Low risk Low risk High risk Medium risk Low risk High risk High risk Medium risk Occasional Frequent

Common risk matrices include the 3x3 matrix, 5x4 matrix, 5x5 matrix and the 7x7 matrix. Organizations may develop matrices that are 112 suitable and relevant to their operations

Risk Evaluation- RMCP

RISK MATRIX

While this CP does not restrict workplaces with its choice of matrices, the numeric 5x5 Risk Matrix is recommended.

5X5 Risk Matrix to determine Risk Level

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Risk Evaluation- RMCP

5X5 Risk Matrix to determine Risk Level

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Risk Evaluation- RMCP

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Risk Evaluation

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Section 2b~2d. in Risk Assessment Form

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Control Measures ELEMENT 4:

RISK CONTROL 3rd Step (& Risk Assessment In residual Risks)

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Control Measures
Basically to reduce the risk level to an acceptable level by reducing the Severity and/or Likelihood.

Take reasonably practicable measures to eliminate or reduce risks. Use of the Hierarchy of Control to adequately manage exposure to the risk. Understand and apply the concept of As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).

RISK ASSESSMENT

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

RISK EVALUATION

RISK CONTROL

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Control Measures
Note: You can always use more than one control

Hierarchy of Risk Control Measures

Elimination
E.g. Eliminates sharp protrusions in work area.

Most Preferred

Safe Design

Substitution
E.g. Substitute solvent based paint with water based paint.

Engineering controls
E.g. Use of barriers, guards etc.

Administrative controls
E.g. SWP, PTW, Training

Safe Worker
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
E.g. Safety helmet, safety boots, hand gloves etc.

Least Preferred
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Control Measures
Besides the control measures mentioned earlier for each hazard, Safe Work Procedures (administrative control) shall be established and maintained for all works including:
Safe Work Procedures (SWP) - Step-by-step procedures of doing or carrying out work safely. - To be developed and implemented after (arising from) the risk assessment. SWP should include: - an emergency response - Provision of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

RISK ASSESSMENT
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

RISK EVALUATION
RISK CONTROL

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Additional Control Measures Section 3a. in Risk Assessment Form

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Implement Control Measures

Action Officers

To identify the action officers

Follow-up dates/deadline. The specific action officers is to Implement the control measures Ensure timeliness in implementation prepare an Action Plan.

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Assign Responsible Person and Timeframe

Responsible person and timeframe for each identified additional control shall be assigned to ensure effective closeout of action items.

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Record Keeping

1. Written Risk Assessment (RA) records to be kept for reference for 3 years. 2. All Risk Assessment records should be:
Concise, and Kept in a register.

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Risk Communication
The Manager/Supervisor who oversees the area, function or activity shall ensure that all persons exposed to the risks are informed of: The nature of risks;
Any measures or SWP implemented; and The means to minimize or eliminate the risks Whenever RA revised or any measure or SWP implemented
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Review of RA
To be reviewed at least once every 3 years, or

When there is a change in the process, equipment or method of work, Or When there is an accident / incident that resulted from the risk assessment done for that particular operation or work method.
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Risk Register A compilation of RAs is called a Risk Register. A risk register form records the main elements individual RA. Risk Register is readily available for review by designated persons at the workplace and by regulatory agencies.

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RM Implementation Plan
Action By Risk Management Implementation Scheduled Plan Management, Time Frame for Implementation / Completion EHS Month Personnel, RM Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Leader, Line Work Activities/ Specific Action Supervisors/ to be Taken Foreman Wk 1 Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk 4 Wk 1 Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk4 Wk5 Wk 1 Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk4 Wk5 Wk 1 Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk 4 Wk 1 Wk 2 Wk 3 Wk4 Wk5 Wk 1 Wk 2Wk 3 Wk4 Wk5 Preparation Formation of RM/ RA Team(s) Gathering of information Process identification Routine Activities Non-routine Activities Risk Assessment Hazard Identification Risk Evaluation Risk Control Implementation of Additional Control Measures Hazard and Risk Communication
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After this training, you should have understood:

1. The liability you have in violation of the WSH (Risk Management) Regulations 2. What are the hazards associated with your work? 3. What are the control measures for each hazards? 4. How is risk assessment conducted based on MOM requirements? 5. What should you get involved in risk assessment?

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We all have a part to play in workplace safety