Chapter1 Introductionto Computers

JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom

Chapter1Objectives
Recognizetheimportanceof computerliteracy Definetheterm,computer Describethecategoriesofcomputers Identifythecomponents ofacomputer Discusstheadvantagesand disadvantagesofusingcomputers Recognizethepurposeofanetwork DiscusstheusesoftheInternetand WorldWideWeb Discussvariouscomputer applicationsinsociety Identifytheelementsof aninformationsystem Describethevarioustypes ofcomputerusers Distinguishbetweensystemsoftware andapplicationsoftware

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JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom

AWorldofComputers
Whatiscomputerliteracy?
Knowledgeandunderstandingofcomputersandtheir g g uses Computersareeverywhere

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WhatIsaComputer?
Howisacomputer defined?
Electronicdeviceoperatingunderthecontrolof g instructionsstoredinitsownmemory
Processesdatainto information
Datathatisorganized, Datathatisorganized meaningful,anduseful

Accepts data
Rawfacts,figures,and , g , symbols

Producesandstoresresults

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WhatIsaComputer?
Whatistheinformation processingcycle?
Input p Process Output Storage Communication

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisaninputdevice?
Hardware usedto enterdataand instructions

ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Linkfromleftnavigation, thenclickInputDevices belowChapter1 p.7Fig.13 JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisanoutputdevice?
Hardwarethat conveysinformation tooneormore people

ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Link fromleftnavigation, thenclickOutputDevices belowChapter1 p.8Fig.13 JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisthesystemunit?
Casecontaining g electronic componentsusedto processdata

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whataretwomaincomponentsonthemotherboard?
CentralProcessingUnit(CPU)
AlsocalledaprocessorTheelectroniccomponentthat interpretsandcarriesoutthebasicinstructionsthat operatethecomputer

Memory
Consistsofelectroniccomponentsthatstore C i t f l t i t th t t instructionswaitingtobeexecutedanddataneededby thoseinstructions
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisstorage?
Holdsdata,instructions,andinformation forfutureuse
Storagemedia
Physicalmaterialonwhichdata,instructions, andinformationarestored

Storagedevice
Recordsandretrievesitemstoandfrom d d i i df astoragemedium

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatis storagemedia?
Digital cameras

Portable,thin P t bl thi memorycards usedin:

Handheld computers

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisafloppydisk?
Thin,circular,flexibledisk enclosedinrigidplastic shell

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TheComponentsofaComputer
WhatisaUSBflashdrive?
Providesmuchgreater g storagecapacitythana floppydiskorZip disk Smallandlightweight S ll dlight ight enoughtobetransported onakeychainorinapocket y p

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisaharddisk?
Providesgreaterstorage g g capacitythanafloppy disk,Zipdisk,orUSBflash drive Mostarehousedinside ofthesystemunit y

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisacompactdisc?
Flat,round,portablemetaldisc p
CDROM DVDROM

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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisacommunicationsdevice?
Hardwarecomponentthat enablesacomputerto p sendandreceivedata,instructions, andinformation

Occursovercables,telephone lines,cellularradionetworks, satellites,andother lli d h transmissionmedia

ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Linkfromleftnavigation, thenclickCommunications DevicesbelowChapter1 p.9 JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom
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AdvantagesandDisadvantages ofUsingComputers
Whataretheadvantagesofusingcomputers?

Speed

Reliability

Consistency

Storage

Communications

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AdvantagesandDisadvantages ofUsingComputers
Whatarethedisadvantagesofusingcomputers?

Violationof Privacy

Impacton p LaborForce

HealthRisks

Impacton Environment

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NetworksandtheInternet
Whatisanetwork?
Collectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedtogether p g
Communications Device
Enablesa connection between computers t Onetypeis amodem Cables Telephone lines Cellular radio

Transmission Media
Satellites S t llit

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NetworksandtheInternet
Whatarethereasonstonetwork?
Toshare
Resources Hardware devices Software S ft programs Data
Information

Tosave time and money

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NetworksandtheInternet
Whatisaserver?
Aservermanages g theresourcesona network Clientsaccessthe Cli t th resourcesonthe server

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NetworksandtheInternet
WhatistheInternet?
Worldwidecollectionofnetworksthatconnectsmillions ofbusinesses,governmentagencies,educational institutions,andindividuals

ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Linkfromleftnavigation, thenclickInternet belowChapter1 p.12Fig.17 JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom

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NetworksandtheInternet
WhydousersaccesstheInternet?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Communications Information Shopping BankingandInvesting Classes

6. 6 Entertainment

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NetworksandtheInternet
WhatistheWeb?
Billionsofdocuments,calledWebpages,availableto g anyoneconnectedtotheInternet
AWebsite is acollectionof relatedWebpages p g

AWebpage contains text,graphics,sound, video,andlinksto otherWebpages th W b

Youcanshare informationby creatingWebpages orpostingphotoson aphotosharing community i

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ComputerSoftware
Whatissoftware?

Consistsofaseries ofinstructionsthat tellsthecomputer whattodo

Alsocalleda program

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ComputerSoftware
Whatisagraphicaluserinterface(GUI)?
Allowsyoutointeract withthesoftware usinggraphicsand icons Controlshowyou enterdataandhow thescreendisplays information

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ComputerSoftware
Whatis systemsoftware?
Programsthatcontrolormaintaintheoperationsofthe g computeranditsdevices
OperatingSystem(OS)
isasetofprograms thatcoordinatesall activitiesamong computerhardware devicesandallows userstorun applicationsoftware

UtilityPrograms allowtheuserto
performmaintenancetypetasks f i t t t k usuallyrelatedtomanaginga computer,itsdevicesoritsprograms

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ComputerSoftware
Whatis applicationsoftware?
Programsthatperform g specifictasksforusers
Word Processing Database D t b Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics

ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Link fromleftnavigation, thenclickApplication SoftwarebelowChapter1 p.16Fig.111 JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom

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ComputerSoftware
Howdoyouinstall andrun programs?

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ComputerSoftware
Whatisa programmer?
Someonewhodevelops applicationorsystem software
Programmerwrites instructionsto directcomputerto p processdatainto information
Javascriptprogram

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ResultingInternetapplication
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CategoriesofComputers
Whatarethecategoriesofcomputers?
PersonalComputers (desktop) MobileComputersand MobileDevices MidrangeServers Mainframes Supercomputers EmbeddedComputers p

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PersonalComputers
Whatarethetwomostpopularseriesofpersonal computers? p
PCandcompatibles usetheWindows operatingsystem AppleMacintosh usestheMacintosh operatingsystem (MacOS)

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PersonalComputers
Whatisa desktopcomputer?
Designedsoallofthecomponentsfitentirelyon g orunderadeskortable

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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatisa notebookcomputer?
Portable,smallenough g tofitonyourlap Alsocalledalaptop computer Generallymore expensivethana p desktopcomputer

ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,Click WebLinkfromleft navigation,thenclick NotebookComputers belowChapter1 p.20Fig.117 JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom

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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatisa TabletPC?
Resemblesalettersized slate Allowsyoutowriteonthe screenusingadigitalpen Especiallyusefulfortaking notes

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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whataremobiledevices?
Smallenoughtocarryina g y pocket Internetenabled telephone isa smartphone isasmartphone

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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatisa handheldcomputer?

Small enoughtofit inonehand

Used bymobile employeessuchas meterreadersand deliverypeople

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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatisa personaldigitalassistant (PDA)?
Providespersonalorganizerfunctions g
Calendar Appointmentbook Addressbook Calculator Notepad N t d

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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatare smartphones andsmartwatches?
Asmartphoneis anInternetenabled telephonethatusually providesPDAcapabilities AsmartwatchisanInternet AsmartwatchisanInternet enabledwatchthat automaticallyadjuststo timezonechangesand ti h d storespersonalinformation

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Servers
Whattypesofserversarethere?
Midrangeserver Powerful,large computerthatsupportsuptoafew thousandcomputers Mainframe Verypowerful, expensivecomputerthatsupports thousandsofcomputers Supercomputer Thefastest,most powerful,mostexpensive computer.Usedforapplications requiringcomplexmathematical calculations
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EmbeddedComputers
Whatisanembeddedcomputer?
Aspecialpurposecomputerthatfunctionsasa componentinalargerproduct

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ElementsofanInformationSystem
Whatareinformationsystemelements?
Hardware Software Data People Procedures

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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whatsoftwareisavailableforahomeuser?

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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whatsoftwareisavailableforasmalloffice/home office (SOHO)user?
Productivity software Specialtysoftware S i lt ft Webusage Email

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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whatisavailablefor amobileuser?
Hardware
Notebookcomputers PDAs Smartphones

Software Soft
Wordprocessing Spreadsheet Presentationgraphics P t ti hi software

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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whataretheneedsofapoweruser?
Speedandlargeamountsofstorage p g g Typesofpowerusers
Engineers Scientists Scienti t Architects pp Desktoppublishers Graphicartists

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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whataretheneedsofthelargebusinessuser?

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ComputerApplicationsinSociety
Whataresomeexamples ofcomputerapplications p pp insociety?
Education Finance Fi Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Industry

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SummaryofIntroductiontoComputers
Theimportanceofcomputerliteracy Theterm,computer Thecomponentsofacomputer Theadvantagesanddisadvantages ofusingcomputers Thepurposeofanetwork TheusesoftheInternet andWorldWideWeb Computerapplicationsinsociety Elementsofaninformationsystem Typesofcomputerusers Systemsoftwareand applicationsoftware li ti ft Categoriesofcomputers

Chapter1Complete
JimMichaelWidi,S.Kom