GRAMTICA: AS ... AS as..as es la otra forma de hacer comparaciones.

Hay 4 posibilidades: 1) as + adjetivo + as Chocolate ice cream is a good as strawberry ice cream. El helado de chocolate es tan bueno como el helado de fresa. 2) as + adverbio + as He doesn't speak as slowly as the doorman. El no habla tan lentamente como el portero. 3) as + much + (nombre no contable) + as I don't drink as much as you. No bebo tanto como tu. I don't drink as much wine as you. No bebo tanto vino como tu. 4) as + many + (nombre contable) +as You don't have as many as me. No tienes tantos como yo. You don't have as many CDs as me. No tienes tantos compacts como yo. En negativo, se puede decir soas, pero solo en negativo. Es aconsejable y mas fcil siempre decir asas para que siempre tengas razn. No soy tan mayor como el entrenador. I'm not as old as the coach. Pesas tanto como yo. You weigh as much as me. La novia no bebi tanta cava como el novio. The bride didn't drink as much Champagne as the groom. Valdetuerto no es tan hermoso como Pedraza. Valdetuerto isn't as beautiful as Pedraza. Hace tanto fri en vila como en Teruel? Is Avila as cold as Teruel? Tienes tantos canarios como el vecino? Do you have as many canaries as the neighbor? No me gusta tanto como le gusta a tu ta. I don't like it as much as your aunt does. Un atn no nada tan rpido como un tiburn. A tuna doesn't swim as fast as a shark. Es tu casa tan grande como mi piso? Is your house as big as my apartment? Conducen con tanto cuidado como nosotros? Do they drive as carefully as us? Otra de las formas de establecer una comparacin entre dos cosas o personas es mediante la frmula 'as... as', que se traduce por 'tan... como'. En ingls, existen cuatro posibilidades de comparacin mediante esta frmula: As + adjetivo + as: You are not as tall as your brother. As + adverbio + as: She doesn't drive as quickly as Fernando Alonso. As + much + nombre incontable + as: They don't have as much money as the CEO. As + many + nombre contable + as: A dog doesn't have as many teeth as a shark. Frecuentemente, usamos 'as... as' para describir algo y hacer hincapi en una cualidad o un defecto: She is as blind as a bat - literalmente 'tan ciega como un murcilago' que quiere decir que ve realmente mal. Un fallo muy frecuente es duplicar la comparacin, empleando 'as... as' y el adjetivo en modo comparativo: 'as taller as' es incorrecto. Otra posibilidad para establecer una comparacin de igualdad es empleando la partcula 'like', que significa 'parecido a': I slept like a log - literalmente 'dorm como un tronco', pero quiere decir que has dormido muy profundamente. Frases relacionadas 1. Que yo sepa, el procedimiento no va a cambiar. 2. l est muy plido. 3. El pan est muy duro. 4. Pueden alquilar el cortacsped siempre que dejen una seal. 5. Ella es muy lenta. 6. Estn muy morenos. 7. l era muy delgado cuando era joven. 8. Mndame un mensaje tan pronto como sepas le decisin. 9. Qu cabeza tienes. 10. Ellos beben mucho alcohol. 11. Ella estaba muy enferma despus de comer all. 12. Esa informacin es muy valiosa. 13. Andbamos muy silenciosamente. 14. La cama es muy pesada. 15. l es un cerdo comiendo. 16. Tiene ms peligro (ella) que un saco de bombas. 17. l es ms corto que las mangas de un chaleco. 18. El pelo del perro es muy blanco. 19. Los turistas estn como cangrejos. 20. Ella estaba muy floja. 21. Martn tiene vista de lince. 22. La tortilla est muy seca. 23. Ellos estn ocupadsimos. 24. l est como un toro. 25. Dorm de maravilla. 1. As far as I know, the procedure is not going to change. 2. He is as white as a sheet. 3. The bread is as hard as a rock. 4. They can rent the lawnmower as long as they leave a deposit. 5. She is as slow as molasses. 6. They are as brown as a nut. 7. He was as thin as a rail when he was younger. 8. Send me a message as soon as you know the decision. 9. You have a head like a sieve. 10. They drink like fish. 11. She was as sick as a dog after eating there. 12. That information is as good as gold. 13. We walked as quietly as a mouse. 14. The bed is as heavy as lead. 15. He eats like a pig. 16. She's like a bull in a china shop. 17. He's as dumb as a stump. 18. The dog's fur is as white as snow. 19. The tourists are as red as lobsters. 20. She was as limp as a rag. 21. Martin has eyes like a hawk. 22. The omelette is as dry as a bone. 23. They are as busy as bees/beavers. 24. He's as strong as an ox. 25. I slept like a log. .

Un smil es una figura de lenguaje que expresa un parecido entre cosas de diferente especie. Generalmente formado por las estructuras "TAN...COMO..." o "COMO...", resulta fcil de entender. Si observas la frase tan muerto/a como clavo de puerta, no es necesario saber qu es un clavo, para comprender que la frase expresa completamente muerto. Sin embargo, los smiles o comparaciones idiomticas son, por lo general, informales o coloquiales, a veces humorsticos, y debes usarlos con cuidado... PARES DE OPUESTOS Algunos smiles pueden recordarse como pares de opuestos: - as heavy as lead =/= as light as a feather (pesado/a como el plomo) (liviano/a como una pluma) - as black as night =/= as white as snow (negro/a como la noche) (blanco/a como la nieve) PATRONES SONOROS Otros smiles pueden recordarse por contener una sonoridad aproximada o semejante: - as Busy as a Bee (ocupado/a como una abeja) - as Good as Gold (bueno/a como el oro) - as Cool as a Cucumber (fresco/a como un pepino) CUANDO LA SEGUNDA PARTE CAMBIA EL SENTIDO DE LA PRIMERA A veces la segunda parte de un smil puede alterar el significado de la primera parte: - The new carpet was as white as snow. (beautifully white) - La nueva alfombra era blanca como la nieve. (bellamente blanca) - When he saw it, his face went as white as a sheet. (pale with fear or horror) - Cuando l lo vio, su cara se puso blanca como una sbana. (plida de miedo) IMAGENES EN TU MENTE Tambin podr ayudarte a recordar el smil si creas en tu mente una imagen con un asociacin del tipo adjetivo/sustantivo (un murcilago es ciego, un buey es fuerte, un ratn se desplaza sigilosamente, etc.): as blind as a bat as strong as an ox as quiet as a mouse (ciego/a como un murcilago) (fuerte como un buey) (silencioso/a como un ratn)

OTRAS FRASES UTILES "AS...AS..." - When it comes to business, Fernando is as hard as stones. (really cold) - En lo que a negocios respecta, Fernando es duro como las piedras. (inflexible) - I'm going to water this plant. The soil is as dry as a bone. (completely dry) - Voy a regar esta planta. La tierra est seca como un hueso. (toda seca) - The fish must have been spoiled. I am as sick as a dog. (vomiting) :-( - El pescado debe haber estado mal. Me siento enfermo como un perro. - When I told her the news, her face went as red as a beet. (red with anger) - Cuando le coment las novedades, su cara se puso roja como una remolacha. USANDO FRASES DEL TIPO "LIKE..." Estas son algunas frases tiles con la estructura "LIKE...": - Did you sleep well? Oh, yeah. I slept like a log. (very well) - Dormiste bien? Ah, s. Dorm como un tronco. - She goes around the house like a bull in a china shop. (absolutely clumsy) - Ella anda por la casa como un toro en una tienda de porcelanas. (torpe) - My new boss Ms. Fuller has eyes like a hawk (can see everything) - Mi nueva jefa la Srta. Fuller tiene los ojos de un halcn. (lo ve todo) - Marcos eats like a horse and drinks like a fish. (eats and drinks in excess) - Marcos come como un caballo y bebe como un pez. (en exceso)

Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives One-syllable adjectives. Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding er for the comparative form and est for the superlative. One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form tall taller tallest old older oldest long longer longest Mary is taller than Max. Mary is the tallest of all the students. Max is older than John. Of the three students, Max is the oldest. My hair is longer than your hair. Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard. If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add r for the comparative form and st for the superlative form. One-Syllable Adjective with Final -e Comparative Form Superlative Form large larger largest wise wiser wisest Mary's car is larger than Max's car. Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the block. Max is wiser than his brother. Max is the wisest person I know. If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant and add er for the comparative form; and double the consonant and add est for the superlative form. One-Syllable Adjective Ending with a Single Consonant with a Single Vowel before Comparative Superlative It Form Form big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest fat fatter fattest My dog is bigger than your dog. My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood. Max is thinner than John. Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest. My mother is fatter than your mother. Mary is the fattest person I've ever seen. Two-syllable adjectives. With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most. Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form peaceful more peaceful most peaceful pleasant more pleasant most pleasant careful more careful most careful thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning. Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world. Max is more careful than Mike. Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful. Jill is more thoughtful than your sister. Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met. If the two-syllable adjectives ends with y, change the y to i and add er for the comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and add est. Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -y Comparative Form Superlative Form happy happier happiest angry angrier angriest busy busier busiest John is happier today than he was yesterday. John is the happiest boy in the world. Max is angrier than Mary. Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest. Mary is busier than Max. Mary is the busiest person I've ever met. Two-syllable adjectives ending in er, -le, or ow take er and est to form the comparative and superlative forms. Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -er, -le, or -ow Comparative Form Superlative Form narrow narrower narrowest gentle gentler gentlest The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city. This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California. Big dogs are gentler than small dogs. Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.

Adjectives with three or more syllables. For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most. Adjective with Three or More Syllables Comparative Form Superlative Form generous more generous most generous important more important most important intelligent more intelligent most intelligent John is more generous than Jack. John is the most generous of all the people I know. Health is more important than money. Of all the people I know, Max is the most important. Women are more intelligent than men. Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met. Exceptions. Irregular adjectives. Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form good better best bad worse worst far farther farthest little less least many more most Italian food is better than American food. My dog is the best dog in the world. My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking. Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst. Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used with -er and -est and with more and most. Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form clever cleverer cleverest clever more clever most clever gentle gentler gentlest gentle more gentle most gentle friendly friendlier friendliest friendly more friendly most friendly quiet quieter quietest quiet more quiet most quiet simple simpler simplest simple more simple most simple Big dogs are gentler than small dogs. Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest. Big dogs are more gentle than small dogs. Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the most gentle.

Overview In general, there are three ways to compare nouns: the comparison of equality (as___|__as), the comparison of inequality (more/less than), and the superlative (the most/least). This reference describes the first two forms of comparisons, how to form them, and when to use them. Comparison of Equality To say that two nouns are equal, the following formula is used: Equality Formula tan + adjective + como (as...as) The adjective must match the first noun as it is the subject of the comparison. Sara es tan alta como tu hermano. (Sara is as tall as your brother.) Tu coche es tan rpido como su coche. (Your car is as fast as his car.) Comparison of Inequality To compare two nouns as being different from one another, the following formulas are used: Inequality Formula ms + adjective + que (more. . .than) OR menos + adjective + que (less. . .than) The adjective must match the first noun as it is the subject of the comparison. Samuel es ms artstico que ella. (Samuel is more artistic than her.) Ella es menos artstica que Samuel. (She is less artistic than Samuel.) Una casa es ms cara que un coche. (A house is more expensive than a car.) Un coche es menos caro que una casa. (A car is less expensive than a house.) 2 Correct Answers! Notice that you can state each comparison two ways 1. A is more ___| than B. 2. B is less ___|__ than A. You can also compare the inequality of two nouns by negating the comparison of equality: Negation Formula no + verb + tan + adjective + como (not as ... as) Pedro no es tan alto como su hermano. (I am not as tall as your brother.) Tu coche no es tan rpido como su coche. (Your car is not as fast as his car.) Exceptions There are a few adjectives that can compare nouns without the use of the formulas above. With these adjectives, you do NOT need to use ms or menos. The adjective itself is a comparison word and only needs que afterwards to mean "than." One Word Comparisons mejor better peor worse mayor larger mayor older menor younger Soy mayor que mi hermana. (I am older than my sister.) Esta pizza es mejor que esa pizza. (This pizza is better than that pizza.) La segunda pelcula es peor que la primera. (The second movie is worse than the first.)

Exercises 1) Compare the following items with the adjective given using the comparisons of equality or inequality. There is more than one correct way to write each sentence. Example: la manzana/la sanda (grande) -> La manzana es menos grande que la sanda. -or- La sanda es ms grande que la manzana. 1. Una hamburguesa/una ensalada (saludable) 2. Bill Gates/yo (rico) 3. La msica hip hop/la msica clsica (popular) 4. Mi perro/un len (amable) 5. El sol/la luna (brillante) 6. Mi padre/yo (viejo) Answers 1. Una hamburguesa es menos saludable que una ensalada. / Una ensalada es ms saludable que una hamburguesa. 2. Bill Gates es ms rico que yo. / Yo soy menos rico que Bill Gates. 3. La msica hip hop es ms popular que la msica clsica. / La msica clsica es menos popular que la msica hip hop. / La msica hip hop es tan popular como la msica clsica. 4. Mi perro es ms amalbe que un len. / Un len es menos amable que mi perro. 5. El sol es ms brillante que la luna. / La luna es menos brillante que el sol. 6. Mi padre es mayor que yo. / Yo soy menor que mi padre.

Espaol:

El coche de Mary es menos caro que el de Michael.

3) En ingles tambin se puede utilizar more delante de adverbios que acaban en y: Ejemplo Ingles: Espaol: Please drive more carefully. Por favor conduce ms cuidadosamente.

4) En ingles para hacer una comparacion de igualdad se utiliza la estructura as adjetivo as: Ejemplo Ingles: Espaol: Ingles: Espaol: Recuerda: Ejemplo Ingles: Espaol: Mary is happier than Paul. Mary esta ms contenta que Paul. This television is as good as the one you have at home. Este televisor es tn bueno como el que tienes en casa. This television is not as good as the one you have at home. Este televisor no es tn bueno como el que tienes en casa. En ingles la palabra than se utiliza despus del comparativo siempre y cuando la frase mencione lo que se esta comparando y a que. Si este no es el caso la frase puede terminar en el comparativo solo.

Ingles: Espaol:

Mary is happier. Mary est ms contenta.

Excepciones: Adjetivo Good Bad Far

Mira el recuadro. Comparativo Better Worse Farther/Further GRADOS DE ADJETIVO (mejor) (peor) (Ms lejos) UN

Los grados de comparacin del adjetivo son tres: POSITIVO: Es el adjetivo en su forma simple, bsica: nice, lindo; big, grande; COMPARATIVO: Establece la relacin o comparacin entre dos cosas; SUPERLATIVO: Denota el ms alto grado de una cualidad. Estos dos ltimos grados se explican a continuacin y tienen siempre como punto de partida el adjetivo en su grado positivo: COMPARATIVOS DE IGUALDAD

AFIRMATIVO

AS + adjective + AS = TAN + adjetivo + COMO

This book is as interesting as that magazine.

Este libro es tan interesante como esa revista.

Buenos Aires is as expensive as Tokyo

NEGATIVO Buenos Aires es tan cara como Tokio. NOT AS + adjective + AS = NO TAN + adjetivo + COMO

This flat is not as big as that house.

Este departamento no es tan grande como esa casa.

Paris is not as expensive as Tokyo

Pars no es tan cara como Tokio. DE SUPERIORIDAD Los monoslabos y los bislabos terminados en sonido voclico o con acento en la segunda slaba forman el comparativo aadiendo -er al adjetivo: ADJETIVOS HASTA adjective + ER + THAN = MAS + adjetivo + QUE 2 SILABAS

This book is cheaper than that magazine.

Este libro es ms barato que esa revista. Con los polislabos se antepone more (ms) al adjetivo seguido de than (que comparativo): ADJETIVOS DE MAS MORE + adjective + THAN = MAS + adjetivo + QUE DE 2 SILABAS

Paris is more interesting than Los Angeles.

Pars es ms interesante que Los Angeles. DE INFERIORIDAD Se antepone less (menos) al adjetivo seguido de than (que comparativo): less expensive than, menos caro que; less intelligent than, menos inteligente que.

SUPERLATIVOS 1. Los monoslabos y bislabos aaden la terminacin -est al adjetivo: You are the tallest, eres el ms alto; Mount Everest is the highest mountain, el monte Everest es la montaa ms alta. 2. Los polislabos anteponen the most (el ms, los ms, la ms, las ms) al adjetivo: This book is the most expensive, este libro es el ms caro. 3. El superlativo de inferioridad se forma aadiendo the least (el menos) al adjetivo: La Rioja is the least expensive province in Argentina, La Rioja es la provincia argentina menos cara. COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS IRREGULARES good, bueno better than, mejor que the best, el mejor bad, malo worse than, peor que the worst, el peor late, tarde later than o latter, posterior the latest o the last, el ltimo little, poco less than, menos que the least, el mnimo much, mucho more than, ms que the most, el mximo many, muchos more than, ms que the most, el mximo old, viejo older than o elder than, mayor que the oldest o the eldest, el mayor 1) 2) 3) bus 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) Shes much younger than her husband. (young) Its a warmer day than yesterday. (warm) The vegetables in the shop are fresher than the ones in the supermarket. (fresh) 4) (expensive) The new TV programme is funnier than the old one. (funny) Mrs. Jones is a better teacher than Mr. Andrews. (good) My office is nearer than Helens. (near) The traffic is noisier than last year. (noisy) You have a busier life than I have. (busy) Drivers in this country are more dangerous drivers than in my country. (dangerous) The exam today was more difficult than last years exam. (difficult) Shes smarter than her sister. (smart) Micheal is richer than Mathew. (Rich) The students ask more intelligent questions than they did before (intelligent) Her second book is more interesting her first one. (interesting)

The train is more expensive than the