Wireless Sensor Networks

Present & Future Perspectives

Gurjit Singh, Gill Instruments Bangalore 28 March 2012, SRM University Chennai

Why Wireless Sensor Network ?

Because we hate strings and love freedom Things should talk to each other not to me Get connected to anything at anytime. Node location can be changed without rewiring WSN chips are cheaper than potato chips & Wires

WSN Challenges
Batteries must survive and remain charged for many years. There are severe problems of interference and garbled messages knowing node location is troublesome needs location Engine coping with moving nodes is difficult needs self Healing. The message only passes when another node comes within range and power is available

Anatomy of WSN

Temperature Humidity Atmospheric Pressure Acceleration ( Accelerometer ) Angular Rate ( Gyroscope) Strain Light

IEEE 802.15.4
Part of the 802.15 wireless PAN standard Specifies the PHY & MAC Layers Created for low data rate & multi-year battery life
Specifications

16 Channels in 2.4GHz band 250kbps 10 Channels in 915MHz band 40kbps 1 Channel in 868MHz band 20kbps DSSS used in all bands 2.4GHz band uses O-QPSK modulation 915MHz and 868MHz bands use BPSK CSMA-CA channel access AES 128 bit encryption Maximum Packet size of 128 Bytes Two addressing modes supported 16-bit short addresses and 64-bit IEEE addresses

Wireless Technology Comparison

Standard Bandwidth Power Consumption 400+mA TX Sleep 20mA 40mA TX Sleep .2mA Protocol Stack Size 100+KB Stronghold

Wi-Fi

Up to 54Mbps

High Data Rate Interoperability Cable Replacement Long Battery Life, Low cost

Bluetooth 1Mbps

100+KB

Zigbee

250kbps

30mA TX 32KB Sleep .003mA

Zigbee
Regulated by the Zigbee Alliance Intended to be simpler and less expensive than Bluetooth Handles aspects such as messaging, configuration, security and application profile layers Topologies supported are Star, Mesh and Cluster Tree (Hybrid) Zigbee Device Classes

Zigbee Coordinator (ZC)

Most capable device Forms the root of the network tree and bridge to other networks

Acts as repository for security keys Zigbee Router (ZR)

Can pass data from one device to another Zigbee End Device (ZED) Contains just enough functionality to talk to its parent node.

Zigbee
Zigbee Coordinator (ZC)
Most capable device Forms the root of the network tree and bridge to other networks

Acts as repository for security keys Zigbee Router (ZR)

Can pass data from one device to another Zigbee End Device (ZED) Contains just enough functionality to talk to its parent node.

Zigbee Supports beacon and non-beacon modes In non-Beacon mode CSMA/CA channel access is used Routers are always in receive mode thus eats more power Beacon mode allows devices to sleep between beacons

Extreme Connectivity
Health check and warning Alerts for wind mills & Solar Farms. Low Maintenance and Seamless connectivity Easy to install ,quick to configure Low Investment high rewards Web based Monitoring Enterprise software and Mobile Apps integration. Remote Diagnosis

Wildlife Fires

WSN nodes can transmit the location before it gets burn Delayed fire detection leads to uncontrolled situation Sensors can be embedded into trees in the form capsules. cost of the sensors is Rs 500 700 per node.

Precision Agriculture

Saving watering and fertilizing expenses Increasing crop yield Improving fruit size Timing crop ripeness to match best price in the market Saving labor expenses by wireless automatic data collection Crop specific researches Basic Measurements:
Leaf CO2 exchange rate & Leaf transpiration rate & temprature Air CO2 concentration Absolute air humidity Soil moisture Sap flow rate

Forest Conservation

Emergency response Asset tracking Forest Conservation. Wildlife habitats Early Wild Fire Detection

Environment Monitoring

The network data shows how weather fronts move up and down the tree. The top of the tree warms rapidly as the sun rises. This thermal front moves down the tree as the day warms, decreasing as it progresses. At nightfall, the situation reverses. The WSN samples climate data every five minutes and computes an average temperature at each elevation.

Building Automation

Health Care

A. REAL- Time Readings help you take action sooner to improve control of glucose. B. REAL-Time Alarms to warn you of low and high glucose levels. C. REAL-Time Trend Arrows with direction and rate of change in your glucose. D. REAL-Time Trend Graphs show you the effects of meals, exercise, insulin, and
You can preset alarms to sound or vibrate.

Manufacturing

A modern semiconductor fabrication plant can have several thousand

vibration sensors attached to various pieces of routine machinery. Rather than transmitting large amounts of raw data, the sensor nodes can perform signal analysis, communicating only the modes of vibration or detected anomalies For example a bearing often will squeak and shudder before it seizes up.

Intelligent Transportation system

The sensor counts passing vehicles, measures the average speed

Intelligent road studs Detects ice ,fog and water on the road.

Clusters of sensors can transmit this information in near real-time to wired base stations for use controlling and predicting traffic, and in clearing road hazards.

Structural Monitoring

Monitoring structure, such as a machine, motor, airplane wing, bridge, or building has typical modes of vibration, acoustic emissions, and response to stimuli.

Variations in these behaviors indicate wear, fatigue or other mechanical changes. For example, a bearing often will squeak and shudder before it seizes up.

WSN Workshop
Simply Dreams to Concepts Hands on experience 100 % Practical ready to use in real life apps Workshop is nothing but fun with signals and systems

Whats Next ?

Gill Instruments Pvt. Ltd. Plot no.110-O/1,Electronics city,Phase-1,Bangalore www.gill-instruments.com Email: contact@gill-instruments.com Mob: 09886445465 Tel:080-41103173