EE 214 Suggested Projects

February 1, 2006 Spring Semester 2006 Here are some suggested projects for EE 214. You will be assigned one from some subset of these randomly. If you have some other project in mind, let us know, and we can assign that to you if it is found suitable. All projects should be independent circuits; you should use the function generator only for testing. Pay attention to layout of your components and wiring. Shorter wires will generally help in ensuring that your circuit will work as desired on the day of the nal demonstration. (We remind you, once again, to take this opportunity and buy nose pliers, a small screw driver, a wire cutter, a multimeter, etc., which will be useful to you even after the lab is over.) (1) Stop watch: One push button for start or stop, one for Reset, Resolution: 0.1 sec, Maximum time interval: 60 min, Clock to be generated on board (do not use function generator). (2) Digital wheel of fortune: The present position of the wheel is displayed using two 7segment units; thus, the count can go from 0 to 99. A push button gives a push to the wheel. With the push, the wheel starts spinning (i.e., the number starts increasing), quickly at rst and then slowing down, eventually stopping at some number. To make things a little more dramatic, provide also a sound output, with frequency proportional to the speed of the wheel. (3) Grab circuit: There are 4 players, each is given a push button to indicate when he/she is ready with the answer. You have to not only detect who is rst but also gure out and display the order in which they responded. (4) Digital phase meter (audio range): Given two sinusoidal signals (of the same frequency, of course), the meter should display the dierence (in degrees) between the two with sign. The circuit operation should be independent of the frequency. (5) Serial data transfer: 4 BCD numbers (4 bits each) are given (you will make these up by connecting wires to 0 or 1, as you have been doing in the lab experiments). In 4 clock pulses, they are to go serially on a 4-bit bus from source to destination, each number getting latched and displayed on one of the four 7-segment display unit. Use a push button to generate the clock pulses for initial testing and then a 555 timer to get stable display of all four digits simultaneously. (6) Inventory control: There are four items in a shop. The maximum quantity of each item at any given time is 15. Four push buttons are supplied to indicate the sale of the four items (assume that only one item is sold at a time). Your circuit should (i) display the quantity in stock for each item, (ii) If only three of any item are left in the shop, its index (0, 1, 2, or 3) should appear on a separate 7-segment display (which should otherwise

be blank) and a beep should sound for 5 seconds. (Do the comparison in a multiplexed manner.) (7) Frequency measurement: For a given periodic signal (assume no DC oset), your circuit should measure frequencies in the range 100 Hz to 20 kHz, accurate up to the second decimal place. The output should be displayed using ve 7-segment display units. Examples: 115 Hz: 1.15E2, 8.03 kHz: 8.03E3, 16.3 kHz: 1.63E4. (8) Trac lights: There is an intersection of a major road and a minor road. For each of the four directions, there is one set of lights (r, g, y). If a car gets a green signal, it is allowed to either go straight or make a right turn (left turn is always allowed, provided the driver is careful with the pedestrians). There are three programmable times: one for green lights on the major road (Tg1 ), one for green lights on the minor road (Tg2 ), and one for the yellow lights (Ty ). Tg1 is generally 2 to 3 times larger than Tg2 . If a pedestrian wants to cross the major road, he/she should get a priority (this question does not arise in crossing the minor road, since the minor road trac stops more often). If a pedestrian pushes a button, the major road green light should turn red in half the usual time (i.e., Tg1 /2) unless, of course, the time to elapse is already less than Tg1 /2. (9) Voting machine: Four candidates (A, B, C, D) are contesting an election. The voting machine consists of four push buttons. There are 100 voters, and we will assume that the maximum number of votes any candidate gets is 99 (to save on our 7-seg units more than anything else). To display the number of votes, we want to follow somewhat devious means, again to save on 7-seg units. In this scheme, there are four LEDs (A, B, C, D). There are two 7-seg display units to indicate numbers from 0 to 99 in the good old decimal notation. After each vote, we will spend 8 seconds to look at the latest results. In the rst two seconds, LED A lights, and the score displayed is that for candidate A. This is followed by B, C, D, and we are ready for the next voter. Provide a Master Enable switch. (10) Table-tennis game: A 4-bit random number generator (implemented in hardware, of course) decides whether the ball was successfully returned or not. A push button starts a given service. You should have the following: (a) two LEDs to indicate whose service it is (after 5 services, this should switch). (b) Two LEDs to indicate whose court the ball is in at a given time (make this at least a second-long duration so that we can see it). (c) Two score boards (to indicate 0 to 21). (Bonus points if you can make the probability of winning of one of the players (say, A of (A,B)) user-denable.) (11) Railway signals: There are four railway stations A, B, C, D, with A and D serving as Terminus. Between A and B and between C and D, there are two tracks; however, between B and C, there is only one. Use green LEDs to indicate a train going from A to D, and red for D to A. Use four LEDs per segment, i.e., AB, BC, CD. A given LED should continue to light until the train has crossed the next LED. A push button at the A end launches a green train from A to D, and another at the B end launches a red train from D to A. Your job is to design signals for the two trains. There should be a signal for the green train at station B and one for the red train at station C. Two independent

counters should control the speed of the two trains. Assume that only one train in either direction is present at a given time. (bonus points: a whistle sound if the trains are passing each other) (12) Shift-and-Add Multiplier:The multiplier should take two BCD digits, multiply them, and the product should be displayed as a decimal number on two 7-segment displays. The two BCD numbers are to be entered using thumbwheel switches. (13) Single-digit rolling display: The digit is to be entered using a thumbwheel switch. The digit has to be read into the leftmost 7-segment display by a push button; and it should keep shifting right (one unit in one second) across the 4 display units and disappear. (14) Open-loop DC motor speed control: A set of 4 DIP switches will set the speed at which the motor should run (from 0 to 15). You may need to take help regarding the motor driver interface, which can be discussed for those interested. (15) EPROM-based waveform generator: The cycle of each waveform is stored (by you) in a single EPROM. Your circuit should be able to select between these waveforms depending on two DIP switches. You should use an 8-bit DAC to display the waveform on the scope with a frequency of 1 kHz. The waveforms are (1) sine, (2) triangle, (3) sawtooth, and (4) arbitrary. (16) Curve tracer for npn BJT characteristics: The circuit should display the output characteristics (Ic vs. VCE for dierent values of VBB ). Supply the collector bias using a DAC and an op-amp buer. Use another DAC to generate VBB = 1 V, 2 V, 3 V, 4 V (approximately).