Research J.

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2011; 3(4): 154-157

Mahesh K. Senghani, et.al.

Qualitative and Quantitative Standardization of Trikatu Churna

Mahesh K. Senghani1*, Prakash S. Sukhramani1, Sarav A. Desai2, Ashvin V. Dudhrejia3 and Navin R. Sheth3
Veerayatan Institute of Pharmacy, Bhuj-Mandvi Road, Jakhania, Mandvi, Dist: Kutch 370460, Gujarat, India 2 Pioneer College of Pharmacy, Ajwa Road, Nr. N.H. 8, Sayajipura, Vadodara, Gujarat, India 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot360 005, Gujarat, India
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Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 3(4): JulyAugust 2011, 154-157

ISSN 0975- 2331

Research Article

The Ayurvedic system of medicine mentions many of churna formulation. One of them is Trikatu churna, nowadays most widely used in cold, cough, indigestion and gastric discomfort. Trikatu churna is finely powdered (# 80) mixture of Zingiber officinalis, Piper longum and Piper nigrum. The main object of this study was to check the quality of laboratory prepared Trikatu churna as well as to establish certain qualitative and quantitative parameters which may help in standardization of churna. The WHO guidelines were followed to evaluate laboratory preparation and individual drug component to gather the information regarding the quality. The standardization of churna was carried out by evaluating parameters like powder photomicroscopy, TLC study and preliminary phytochemical study. In addition to these, Trikatu churna and individual powder components were evaluated by physicochemical parameters like bulk density, % porosity, % compressibility, Hausers ratio, flow property etc. These additional parameters were useful to establish certain quantitative standards for assessment of Trikatu churna. In microscopic study, we have identified the different cells and tissues which give clear identity of the content of Trikatu churna. The phytochemical screening test as well as simultaneous TLC study confirms presence of reported chemical constituents and presence of each individual drug in churna by comparing Rf values respectively.

ABSTRACT:

*Corresponding Author:

KEYWORDS:

Mahesh K. Senghani Veerayatan Institute of Pharmacy, Bhuj-Mandvi Road, J akhania, Mandvi, Dist: Kutch 370460, Gujarat, India Tel: +91 9429817941, +91 9979664411 E-mail: mahesh_mandvi@yahoo.com

Physicochemical parameter, preliminary phytochemical study, Trikatu churna.

powder

microscopy,

The Trikatu churna is one of the classical Ayurvedic dosage form used in Ayurvedic system of medicine. It is official in ayurvedic formulary of India is combination of three reputed herbs, comprised of the fruits Piper longum (Pippali), Piper nigrum (Marica) and rhizomes of Zingiber officianalis (Saunth). Trikatu churna is an Ayurvedic proprietary medicine containing Pipalli as an important constituent, which is used for bronchitis and asthma. 1 The consumption of these spices would exert several health beneficial effects by the virtue of their innumerable therapeutic potentials, such as fever, asthma, cold, cough and other general health disorders. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 In recent years, the need for quality assurance tools to ensure the identity, purity and quality of botanical material has raised dramatically. 1

INTRODUCTION:

Received on 22.02.2011 Accepted on 22.05.2011 A&V Publication all right reserved

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Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2011; 3(4): 154-157

Mahesh K. Senghani, et.al.

Description: The laboratory prepared Trikatu churna and individual powder components were passed through 80# sieve. Physical Properties (Table 4) like flow property, bulk density, tap density, Carrs index, angle of repose, Housers ratio were performed for laboratory formulation as well as individual powder components. Identification: The identification of laboratory churna and individual powder components was carried out by performing microscopical evaluation (Table 1), photomicroscopy (Fig. Fig 1.A. Fibers of Ginger 1.A. 1.G.), preliminary phytochemical screening (Table 2) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) study (Table 3). Photomicroscopy: The Laboratory preparation of Trikatu churna and individual powder component could be microscopically identified and covered in results (Fig. 1.A. 1.G.). Preliminary phytochemical screening: Preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out for laboratory churna as well as individual powder components. Fig 1.B. Reticulated vessels with fibers The preliminary phytochemical study (Table 2) was performed for Alkaloids, Steroids, Flavonoids, Saponins, Tannins and Lignans. Thin Layer Chromatography: Thin layer chromatography study of laboratory churna and individual powder components were performed. Sample preparation: Powder of Trikatu churna as well as individual powder components were extracted by hot maceration method with methanol and these methanolic extract were used for TLC finger printing. 8, 9 Fig 1.C. Thin walled cells Solvent system: (1) Toluene: Ethyl acetate (93:7) (2) Toluene: Diethyl ether: Dioxane (62.5:21.5:16)

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Photo Microscopy:

RESULTS:

Microscopic Evaluation:

Table 1: Microscopical Evaluation of the components Piper Piper Zingiber Sr. Characteristics longum nigrum officinalis No. 1 Parenchymatous cells + containing yellow brown oleo resin bodies of ginger + 2 Perisperm cells filled with oleo resins of black pepper 3 Thin walled cells of + long pepper 4 Reticulated vessels + with fibers of ginger 5 Stone cells of black + + pepper 6 Fibers of ginger + 7 Starch grains +

Trikatu churna + Fig 1.D. Starch grains + + + + + + Fig 1.E. Perisperm cells filled with oleo resins

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Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2011; 3(4): 154-157

Mahesh K. Senghani, et.al.

Fig 1.F. Stone cells

Fig 1.G. Parenchymatous cells with yellow brown oleo resin bodies

Qualitative phytochemical analysis

Table 2: Qualitative phytochemical Distribution of primary and secondary metabolites in Trikatu churna and its Ingredients Qualitative Tests Zingiber officinalis Trikatu churna Piper nigrum Piper longum Alkaloids Mayers test + + + + Wagners test + + + + Dragendroffs test + + + + + + + Steroids Salkowski test + + Libermann and Burchard test Flavonoids Extract + Mg turnings + + + + Extract + Aqueous + + + + NaOH + Conc H2SO4 + + + + Saponins Foam test + + + + + Tannins Gelatin test + Lignans Labat test + + Lignan test + + + +

TLC study: Test solution: Powder of Trikatu churna was extracted by hot maceration method with methanol, methanolic extract was used for TLC finger printing. 8
Table 3: TLC Study Interpretations Solvent system Toluene: Ethyl acetate (93:7) Toluene: Diethyl ether: Dioxane (62.5:21.5:16) Spraying reagent Anisaldehyde sulphuric acid reagent Vanillin-Sulphuric acid Rf value 0.2 0.5 0.7 Inference Presence of Gingerol Presence of piperine Presence of dipiperine

Physical Properties:

Table 4: Physical Properties of Components Sr. No. Properties Piper longum 1 Bulk Density 0.55 2 Tap Density 0.77 3 Carrs Index (%) 28.57 4 Hausers Ratio 1.40 5 Angle of Repose 40.25 6 % Porosity 27.77

Piper nigrum 0.42 0.66 36.36 1.57 41.62 36.17

Zingiber officinalis 0.40 0.63 36.00 1.56 43.56 36.00

Trikatu churna 0.42 0.60 18.00 1.42 44.27 42.00

WHO Parameters: The WHO parameter evaluation of laboratory Churna and individual powder material were carried out. These parameters (Table 5) were helpful in standardization of Churna.
Table 5: WHO parameters interpretations: Sr. no. WHO Parameters 1 2 3 4 5 Foreign matter Total Ash Acid insoluble Ash Water soluble Extractive value Alcohol soluble Extractive value Piper longum %w/w 0.90 4.90 0.15 15.08 5.35 Piper nigrum %w/w 0.85 3.45 0.06 21.23 9.12 Zingiber officinalis %w/w 0.47 6.70 3.40 4.08 7.01 Trikatu churna %w/w 0.65 8.45 1.54 14.53 7.24

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Research J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2011; 3(4): 154-157

Mahesh K. Senghani, et.al.

The results showed that laboratory formulation of Trikatu churna having same properties as there of individual components. The WHO guidelines were followed to evaluate laboratory preparation and individual drug component to gather the information regarding the quality. The standardization of churna was carried out by evaluating parameters like powder microscopy, TLC study and preliminary phytochemical study. In addition to these, Trikatu churna and individual powder components were evaluated by physicochemical parameters like bulk density, % porosity, % compressibility, Hausers ratio, flow property. These additional parameters were useful to establish certain quantitative standards for assessment of Trikatu churna. The phytochemical test as well as simultaneous TLC study confirms presence of reported chemical constituents and presence of each individual drug in churna by comparing Rf values respectively. In microscopic study, we have identified the different cells and tissues which give clear identity of the content of Trikatu churna. We all authors are very thankful to Dr. Navin Sheth, Prof. and Head, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, for providing us all the necessary facilities and cooperation throughout the research work.
Mahapatra SK, Mistry S, Dutt KR, Jena J, Swarup S. Preparation and HPTLC standardization of Trikatu churna: an Ayurvedic preparation: 2009. 2. George W. In a dictionary of the economic products of India, Periodical experts, Vivek Vihar, Delhi: 1972, pp. 217, 247. 3. Namjoshi AM. Ayurvedic formulary of India, Controller of Publications, Delhi: 1976, pp. 85, 95. 4. Anonymous. Indian Pharmacopoeia, Government of India, IIIEdition, New Delhi, Appendix IV: 1985, pp. 90. 5. Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. In Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi: 1992, pp. 132, 210. 6. Sivarajan VV, Balachandran I. Ayurvedic drugs and their plant sources. Mohan Primalini for Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, The ayuvedic pharmacopoiea of India, first edition. The controller of publication civil lines: 1996, 1(2), pp. 12-13, 133-134. 7. Lodha R, Kabra SK. Bronchial asthama In Scientific Basis For Ayurvedic Therapies, Lakshmi Chandra Mishra, Published by CRC Press: 2003. 8. Wagner H, Bladt S. Plant Drug Analysis. Springer Verlag Berlin Hiedelberg, second edition: 1996, pp. 291-301. 9. Santavy. Alkaloid. In Egon stahl eds. Thin layer chromatography, second edition, springer: 2005, pp. 430-432. 10. Mukherjee PK. Quality Control Herbal Drugs. Business horizons, India, First edition: 2002, pp. 755-760.

CONCLUSION:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

REFERENCES:
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