MODULE 6CHAPTERS 12, 13, 14 HEALTH Brittany Houston CHAPTER 12 1. What is the main job of the ventricles?

Pump blood to the lungs and the other parts of the body 2. What is the main job of the atria? Upper chambers of the heart in which oxygen- poor blood collects before passing to the ventricles 3. What do veins do? Vessesls that carries blood to the heart 4. What do arteries do? Vessels carries blood away from the heart 5. Name three ways smoking damages the cardiovascular system. 1. It damages the lining of arteries 2. Increases Blood Pressure and heart rate 3. Causes platelets to stick together in the bloodstream, which leads to clotting 6. What is blood pressure? The force exerted by the blood on the vessel walls, created by the pumping action of the heart 7. Define artherosclerosis. A disease process that causes arteries to become clogged

and narrowed, blood supply is reduced 8. What does LDL cholesterol do, and why is it bad? Low density lipoprotein shuttle cholesterol from the liver to the organs and tissues that require it. It is known as the bad cholesterol because if there is more than the body can use, the excess is deposited in the blood vessels, if arteries are blocked it can cause a heart attack 9. What does HDL atherosclerosis? do? How does it protect again

High- Density Lipoproteins contain little cholesterol that helps transport cholesterol out of the arteries therefore helping against heart disease. By removing cholesterol from blood vessels, HDL, helps protect against atherosclerosis 10.What is the desirable total cholesterol? Less than 200 11.Name three risk factors for heart attack that can be changed. 1. High triglyceride levels 2. Psychological and social factors 3. Alcohol and drugs 12.What is a stroke? also known as cerebrovascular accident occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off 13.Define cancer. Abnormal, uncontrolled, multiplication of cells 14.What is the difference in benign and malignant tumors?

Benign- is non- cancerous Malignant- tumor that is capable of spreading and is cancerous 15.Define metastasis. The spread of cancer cells from one part of the body to another 16.Define lymphomas. tumor that originated from lymphatic tissue 17.Define leukemias. cancer of the blood or the blood- forming cells 18.What is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States? Lung cancer 19.Most cervical cancers occur because of infection from what? HPV(Human Papillomavirus) 20.Almost ALL cases of skin cancer can be traced to what? UV(Ultraviolet Radiation) 21.Name the most serious form of skin cancer. melanoma

CHAPTER 13 1. Define pathogen. A microorganism that causes disease

2. What is an autoimmune disease? A disease in which the immune system attacks the persons own body 3. What happens during the inflammatory response? When injured or infected, special cells in the area of invasion or injury release histamine and other substance that cause blood vessels to dilate and fluid to flow out of the capillaries into the injured tissue 4. How does immunization work? When a person is immunized, the immune system is primed with antigen similar to the pathogenic organism but not as dangerous. The body responds by producing antibodies, which prevent serious infection if the person is exposed to the disease organism itself 5. What are allergens? A substance that triggers and allergic reaction 6. What is anaphylaxix? Most serious, but rare kind of allergic reaction 7. What is meningitis? Infection of the meninges, which are membranes covering the brain and spinal cord 8. What are symptoms of meningitis? -fever -severe headache -stiff neck -sensitivity to light

-confusion 9. Cold viruses are almost always transmitted how? Hand-to-hand contact 10.What causes shingles? (childhood disease) Shingles is a reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, a type of herpes virus that causes chickenpox 11.What is HPV? Human Papillomavirus is the major cause of cervical cancer, and is also the pathogen that causes genital and human warts CHAPTER 14 1. What is global warming? Climate change, an increase in the earths atmospheric temperature 2. What are greenhouse gases? a gas or vapor that traps infrared radiation instead of allowing it to escape through the atmosphere 3. What is the ozone layer? A layer of ozone molecules in the upper atmosphere that screens out the UV rays from the sun 4. What is radon? A naturally occurring radioactive gas emitted from rocks and natural building materials that can become concentrated in insulated homes, causing lung cancer