M8.

6 Northern Sumatra, Earthquake of 11 April 2012

Middle Andaman South Andaman Andaman Basin

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP

Prepared in cooperation with the Global Seismographic Network

Tectonic Setting
90 100

Little Andaman EURASIA PLATE

110 92 94

Epicentral Region
96

98

100

10

INDIA
Car Nicobar

PAGER
10

ANDAMAN SEA

Ranong

THAILAND VIETNAM

Surat Thani

B AY O F BENGAL
10

CAMBODIA
1941

Phangnga Krabi Phuket Trang

Nakhon Si Thammarat
8

ANDAMAN SEA
1881

2010

SRI LANKA

BURMA PLATE

Gulf of Thailand

S O10 T H U CHINA SEA SUNDA PLATE

6

Phatthalung

Songkhla
Pattani Satun Kangar

Yala

Alor Setar
6

2004
Mid-Indian Basin
0

2004 2005

Sumatra Fault

Banda Aceh

A' Pinang

M A L A Y S IA
SINGAPORE
EPICENTRAL REGION

1861 2005 1833

AUSTRALIA PLATE

Ipoh
0 4 4

2007

Su m at ra
I

EXPLANATION

A
2004 2004

Medan

Great Rupture

J A VYear S E A A Gre a teRupture Zone I s l a n d s r Sunda

Mag 7.0

2010 1907
2

R i d g e

AUSTRALIA PLATE

J0a- v a km 69
70 - 299 300 - 600 Active Volcanoes 10

1969

2005 2005

Investigator Ridge

Depth Profile Area

10

N i n e t y

RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONS In the region of this earthquake, earthquakes define the boundary between the South American and Nazca Plates, which are converging at about 80 mm/yr.

SU

E a s t

ND

A ( J AV A) TRE NCH
110

A Northern Sumatra Earthquake 11 April 2012 8:38:37 UTC

Nias Pini
1935
0

90

100

EXPLANATION
Km

Osborn Plateau

Scale 1:15,000,000

Earthquakes 1900 - 2011

M 4.50 - 5.99 M 6.00 - 6.99 M 7.00 - 7.99
Northern Sumatra Earthquake 11 April 2012 10:43:09 UTC 0.773 N., 92.4522 E. Depth 16 km Mw = 8.2 (USGS)

2.348 N., 93.072 E. Depth 25 km Mw = 8.6 (USGS)

Tanahbala

2009

Seismic Hazard
90 100

500

1,000

Padang Siberut

1943

Sumatra
Significant Earthquakes Mag >= 7.5 Year Mon Day 1907 01 04 1935 12 28 1943 06 09 1969 11 21 2004 12 26 2005 03 28 2007 09 12 2009 09 30 2010 04 06 2010 06 12 2010 10 25 2012 04 11 2012 04 11 Time 0519 0235 0306 0205 0058 1609 2349 1016 2215 1926 1442 1043 1043 Lat 2.000 -0.345 -1.000 1.973 3.295 2.085 -2.625 -0.720 2.383 7.881 -3.487 0.773 0.773 Long Dep 94.500 50 98.147 35 101.000 50 94.574 11 95.982 30 97.108 30 100.841 35 99.867 81 97.048 31 91.936 35 100.082 20 92.452 16 92.452 16.4 Mag 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.6 9.0 8.6 7.9 7.5 7.8 7.5 7.8 8.2 8.2

DATA SOURCES EARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program PLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Finite Fault Model, Chen Ji, UC Santa Barbara (2007) World Slap (Hayes and Wald, 2010) BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models

Bassein

Rangoon

Moulmein

Phitsanulok Khon Nakhon Kaen Sawan Nakhon Ratchasima

Savannakhet Ubon Ratchathani

THAILAND Tavoy Samut Prakan Bangkok Siemreab Samut Batdambang Sakhon

Port Blair

LAOS

Hue Da Nang Quang Ngai Play Cu Qui Nhon Buon Me Thuot

M >= 8.00 Aftershocks 0 - 69

VIETNAM
2

Earthquake Depth
70 - 299 300 - 700 Rupture Zone
10

Sipora N Pagai S Pagai

2007

CAMBODIA

10

Nakhon Si Thammarat

Vinh Long Tan An Rach Gia My Tho Can Tho Bac Lieu Soc Trang

Phnom Da Lat Penh Ho Chi Nha Trang Minh City Bien Hoa
Phan Thiet

2010

Active Volcanoes
4 92 94 96 98 100 4

MALAYSIA EPICENTRAL REGION

Banda Aceh

Songkhla Alor Yala Kota Baharu Setar Kuala Pinang Terengganu Ipoh

Earthquakes locations are from the Centennial Catalog (1900-2003) and from NEIC (2003-present)

Scale 1:4,840,000 0 100 200

Km 400 Enggano

REFERENCES Bird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80. Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p. Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved travel times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743. The GEBCO_08 Grid, version 20090202, http://www.gebco.net
-100 -100

Medan

Kuala New Port Lumpur

Seremban Melaka Johor Baharu Pekanbaru

Kuantan

Depth Profile
Distance (km) A'
300 400 500 600 0 100 200

TECTONIC SETTING
Singapore
Pontianak
0

A
-300 -200 -100

Palembang
Bengkulu TanjungkarangTelukbetung

Depth (km)

Peak Ground Acceleration m/sec**2

.2 .4 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2
10

Padang Jambi

The M8.6 April 11, 2012 earthquake off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia, occurred as a result of strike-slip faulting within the oceanic lithosphere of the Indo-Australia plate. The quake was located approximately 100 km to the southwest of the major subduction zone that defines the plate boundary between the Indo-Australia and Sunda plates offshore Sumatra. At this location, the Indo-Australia plate moves north-northeast with respect to the Sunda plate at a velocity of approximately 52 mm/yr. Large strike-slip earthquakes, while rare, are not unprecedented in this region of the Indo-Australian plate. Since the massive M 9.1 earthquake that ruptured a 1300 km long segment of the Sumatran megathrust plate boundary in December of 2004, three large strike-slip events have occurred within 50 km of the April 11, 2012 even. These earthquakes occurred on April 19 2006 (Mw6.2), October 4 2007 (Mw6.2) and January 10, 2012 (Mw7.2). In all three cases, the style of faulting was similar. These events align approximately with fabric of the sea floor in the diffuse boundary zone between the Indian and Australian plates.

Hayes, Gavin, and Wald, David, 2010, Slab models for subduction zones: USGS, http://earthquakes.usgs.gov/research/data/slab DISCLAIMER Base map data, such as place names and political boundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and therefore should not be regarded as having official significance.
Map prepared by U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center 11 April 2012 Map not approved for release by Director USGS

Scale 1:15,000,000
Km 0 200 400 600

Jakarta
Bandung

-200

-200

-300

-200

-100

100

200

300

400

500

600

Earthquakes within the Depth Profile are from the Epicental Region map.
10

4.0 4.8 9.8

90 100