1.

Freuds theory of the unconscious mind is relevant to sociology because: According to Freud- We are less in control of our conscious selves than we are aware - Therefore the unconscious is the source of what drives us - Nothing is ever Forgotten - Freud offers sociology a theory of motivation, the unconscious 2. Freuds notion that we all begin life as shatter selves indicates that: Psychoanalysis- we all begin life as a shattered self and seek to restore our wholeness through relationships with others - We are all in some way permanently dissatisfied 3. If we think of the conscious mind as a house, then the unconscious mind is: - Basement- occasionally gets flooded by emotional intensity, trauma, shock, when you get through the other side of trauma, person changes/transforms - When basement is flooded, furniture rises, pushed to the top- same as unconscious and past events-push through to the conscious 4. One of the chief connections between psychoanalysis and sociology is that while sociologists see the social world as an iceberg with its most massive portion hidden, Freud viewed the visible problems of individuals as: - Unconscious- desire, emotion, memories, irrational - Conscious pushes things down into unconscious; things slip up from the unconscious - Topographical Theory- surface is us functioning, unconscious is below, driving us - behavior is a way of remembering- memories, childhood 5. Freuds concept of repression is significant to sociologists because Freud claims that repression: -repression- the conscious repressing the unconscious- makes civilization possible 6. Freuds concept of transference is relevant to sociologists because: - Transference- the transfer onto people around us- emotional reactions that have their origins in earlier childhood experiences and relationships - When you meet someone, you deem them untrustworthy-person sends you back into unconscious transfers emotions onto that person 7. Freud argues that religion is the means by which people collectively: - Religion- is a by product of parent-child relationships - to comfort ourselves when we realize powerful people are just people- we create the idea of God to replace the all powerful seeming parent 8. Freud organizes the mind into a psychic system that includes the Id, Ego and Super Ego. In that system the _Super Ego__is the realm from which people obtain their sense of rules, laws and morality - Super Ego- system of rules that we introject, take it in, becomes a part of you, guides us in our decisions (weather) - Ego- reasoning, waking self (rider) - Id- desire, drive creation, destruction, inspiration interact with memories (horse) -

9. Freud ultimately is doubtful about the good civilization can bring us because he believes that the commandment to love thy neighbor as thyself - Civilization makes us discontent 10. We call Marxs philosophy materialist because: - Materialism- human consciousness is a by product of the material (resources) conditions that shape the person; material world shapes the way we think 11. Conflict theory grows out of Marxs theory of capitalism because: -Conflict theory- social systems are shaped and defined by conflict between groups over economic resources - people struggle with each other over resources- forms human structure- political structure 12. In his essay on alienated labor, Marx claims: - The person is split off, alienated, from something to which she/he was originally connected - Work is everything you do in your life-job, creating a family, playing a sport - Work must be integrated with who you are-job to be enjoyable-integration - Work has been alienated- people dont want to work, go to work - Capitalism alienates work - Work is stressed/imposed upon you, oppressive- alienated 13. Species being is Marxs concept that: -Species being- universal, connecting to world around us, creativity to be creative, through creativity connect to others Work makes you feel separate, alienated VS connected with other people 14. In his theory of commodity fetishism, Marx: Fetish- an obsession for something with the idea that the thing once obtained will give the person fulfillment and satisfaction; yearning for something beyond reason 15. Marx argues that in capitalism the value of commodities is divided into: - Use value- the price charged for an object based solely on its function and the labor used to create it - Exchange value- the qualities attributed to the product through marketing 16. Marx says that false consciousness is: - We become falsely conscious of our environment; acceptance vs. rebellion; people allow themselves to be oppressed- think oppression is natural 17. Which option below does not fit into 3 things we must examine as we seek to determine if a worker is alienated? -What is the relationship of the worker to the product? Does the worker see himself in the product or does it remind them of hatred for work? -What is the relationship of the worker to the act of the production? Happy, fascinated with own work vs. miserable -What is the relationship of the work to species being?

18. In the documentary The Overspent American, the sociologist Juliet Schor explains that the average American works

9 more weeks per year than the average European.

19. Schor claims that status competition today in which middle class people emulate the super rich has replaced mid twentieth century competition in which the status reference group for middle class people was chiefly: - Comfort is no longer enough- want luxury - Competitive consumption- everyone is competing not just rich - Women- College educated women- move out of neighborhoods, into the work placewider reference group- higher statuses - Media/TV- expose broader range of population to higher status goods - Income distribution- more inequality - Advertising 20. Schor calls consumer items like luxury SUVs, branded coffee cups and McMansions: - Visible lifestyle 21. Schor points out that average American house has doubled in size since the 1970s 22. Schor shows that one of the consequences of overspending in order to buy endless commodities is that while in 1980 there were 200,000 bankruptcies in the US, in 2000 there were 1.5 Million bankruptcies in the U.S. 23. Another consequence Schor points to for overspending is that as Americans buy more they become less willing to: 24. The difference between Max Webers and Karl Marxs theories of capitalism is: - No call for revolution - Origins of capitalism o Marx- says capitalism creates ideologies and beliefs -Materialist philosopher- belief that consciousness is byproduct of material conditions (money, etc.) drives us -Capitalism creates our beliefs o Weber- religion creates economic system not capitalism- creates religion o Charismatic authority o Sociology should be objective, value free 25. Weber believes sociology is useful only if: objective, value free 26. Weber believes that capitalism becomes a dominant economic force in Protestant Christian societies because: - The anxiety caused by predestination theology triggers the intense economic activity that produces modern capitalism 27. People on earth try to demonstrate they are among the saved- well off = Gods chosen

28. By the term iron cage Weber means: 29. Weber argues that bureaucracy is: 30. Weber warned that one of the effects of bureaucracy: Bureaucracy1. Employees have fixed/official jurisdiction 2. Hierarchy and graded authority 3. Information is organized and filed 4. Expert training is mandatory to become management 5. Official business occupies your work time 6. Rules are general, stable, learnable and exhaustive