2.1.3GSMNetworkOptimizationMethodologyHardwareAnalysis Analysisofpotentialhardwareproblemsinthenetworknot detectedbynormalfaultmanagementmethods. PerformanceStatistics Analysisofperformancestatistics,withstandardgraphicalinformationsheetforeach cell.Analysisofpotentialhardwareproblemsinthenetworknot detectedbynormalfaultmanagementmethods. CallTraceAnalysis Detectsproblemswithantenna tilts.DetectsproblemswithBaseTransceiverSubsystem(BTS)outputpower. FrequencyPlanningOptimization Redefinitionofhandoversandassignedfrequencies. 2.1.4GSMNetworkOptimizationService Accurateneighbortopologiestoensuresmoothhandoversandcalldistribution.

Higherqualitywillbeac hievedonlythroughfastandaccuratenetworkoptimization,armingtheoperatorwith:Efficient spectrumutilizationtomeetcapacitydemands.Optimalfrequencyallocationtoensuregoodcall quality. 2.2TheGSMRadioInterface Study OneofthemainobjectivesofGSMisroaming.Therefore,inorderto obtainacompletecompatibilitybetweenmobilestationsandnetworksofdifferentmanufacturersand operators,theradiointerfacemustbe completelydefined.Thespectrumefficiencydependsontheradiointerfaceandthetransmission,morep articularlyinaspectssuchasthecapacityofthesystemandthetechniquesusedinordertodecreasethe interferenceandtoimprovethefrequencyreusescheme.Thespecificationofthe radiointerfacehasthenanimportantinfluenceonthespectrumefficiency . 2.2.1MultipleAccessScheme

Themultipleaccessschemesdefineshowdifferentsimultaneouscommunications,betweendifferentmo bilestationssituatedindifferentcells,sharetheGSMradiospectrum. AmixofFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess(FDMA)andTimeDivisionMultipleAccess(TDMA),combined withfrequencyhopping,hasbeenadoptedasthemultipleaccessschemesforGSM. 2.2.2Channelstructure Achannelcorrespondstotherecurrenceofonebursteveryframe. ItisdefinedbyitsfrequencyandthepositionofitscorrespondingburstwithinaTDMAframe.InGSM therearetwotypesofchannels:Thetrafficchannels(TCH)usedtotransportspeechanddata information.Thecontrolchannelsusedfornetworkmanagementmessagesandsomechannel maintenancetasks. 2.3RFOptimizationEquipments2.3.1LAPTOP InRFOptimizationtheRFEngineeranalysisallparametersduringthedrivetestandinstallallthe softwareontheLaptopsystem. 2.3.2TEMS ThisTEMSInvestigationSoftwaresupportedCellularMobilespeciallydesigntoperformRFOptimizationr elatedactivityanditisconnectedwiththeLaptopSystemandthenitisoperatedfromtheLaptopfor analysisofOptimizeddata. 2.3.3GPSDevice ThisGPSdeviceisalsoconnectedwiththeLaptopSystemwithMapInfosoftwaresupportitusedforits basicoperationtolocatetheposition. 2.3.4COMPASS 2 ItisusedtochecktheTiltoftheantennasmountedonthetowerandRFEngineermakesurethe antennasisangledontherightpositionasitangleismentionedintheDTorder. 2.4SupportingSoftwares2.4.1TEMSInvestigation TEMSInvestigationisanairinterfacetesttoolforrealtimediagnostics.Itletsyoumonitorvoice channelsaswellasdatatransferoverGPRS,EDGE,Circuitswitched(CSD)orhighspeedcircuitswitched (HSCSD)connections. 2.4.2MapInfoProfessional

WithMapInfoProfessional,thepowerofcomputermappingisatyourcompletedisposal.Youcandisplay yourdataaspoints,asthematicallyshadedregions,aspieorbarcharts,asdistricts,etc. 3.PerformingtheDriveTest(DT)3.1DTOrder&LocatingBTS AftersuccessfulinstallationofsoftwaresnowwechecktheDTorderandgothroughthespecificationof theBTSandthennotethedifferentspecificationinwhichwefindthe BTSidentificationCode,Azimuth,Tiltandetc,asintheDTorderBTSlocationidentityisdefinewenote thatBTSIDandthenwelocatingtheBTSpremisesbyusingtheMapInfosoftwareandreachonthat location. 3.2Onairthesitefortesting AfterreachingattheBTSsitetheRFEngineercommunicatewithBSSEngineerandchecktheazimuth andalsocheckthetiltingofmountedantennaontheBTSforthe conformingtheangledatrightcoveragearea.ThenstarttheBTSsystemandonairthesiteforRF OptimizationtestingandthenstarttheDriveTest(DT). 3.3StarttheDriveTest(DT)3.3.1INTRA InIntraRFEngineerperformdrivetesttocheckthehandoverofIntracell inwhichRFengineerobservethesoftandhardhandoverbetweenthe cells'BTS.HetakesdriveclockwiseandcounterclockwiseoftheBTS . 3.3.2INTER InInterRFEngineerperformdrivetesttocheckthehandoverbetweentheneighboringBTS.Heobserve thesoftandhardhandoverinidleanddedicatemodebetweenthedefinedneighborsandalsocheckthe SQI,Rxlevel,callestablishing,calldrop,andcoverageoftheBTSuptothe9KMineachcellofBTS . 3.3.3TRX(Transceiver) InTRXRFEngineertakes20callsof20secondsdurationinthemiddleof theeachcelloftheBTS.InthisRFEngineerAnalysistheHO (HandOver),HopingFrequency,C/I(CarriertoInterface),SQI. 3.3.4GPRS InthisRFEngineerchecktheGPRSserviceofthemobileserviceoperatorineachcellatanylocation ofthecell. 3.3.5Junk

InthislogRFengineerstorethejunkdatawhichhetakesomepictureswhichshowsthereasonof attenuationintheRxlevelatanyparticularareasuchaslargebuildings,mountainarea,andetc. 3.4DroppedCalls Thereisawiderangeoffactorscanresultinthatasubscriberfailstocompleteacallsatisfactorily.The onlyproblemmanysubscriberswilltolerateinapublicnetworkisabusytonefromthecalledparty. Unfortunately,realitydoesnotalwaysmatchexpectationswhenitcomestomobilenetwork,which resultsincustomerscomplainingaboutpoorperformanceoftheservice. 3.4.1DroppedCallAnalysis 1.Checkdroppedcallspercell.Selectcellswithhighdroppedcall rate.2.Checkreasontodroppedcallsforselectedcells 3 3.Checkratiooflosthandoverstodropcalls. 3.5HandoverPerformance HandoverisakeyfunctioninaGSMnetwork.Ifthehandoverperformanceispoorthesubscriberwill perceivethequalityofthenetworkasbad.Handoverperformancestatisticsshouldpreferablybe measuredon24hourdataorlonger. 3.5.1UnsuccessfulHandover Therecanbetworeasonswhyanattemptiscountedasunsuccessful:eitherthemobilestationwaslost orthecallwasrevertedtotheoldcellandchannel. 4.RESULTS InthischapterhereisscenarioofthefinaltestdriveofanyBTSsointhis theareaswhicharecoloredshowthesignalstrengthatdifferentlocationofanysite.Thegreenarea showthestrongsignalcoverage,yellowcolorshowthelessstrongthangreen butacceptableforcommunication,andtheorangeareaandpurpleareashowtheweeksignalcoverage. 5CONCLUSION Asperdemandforcellularservicesincreases,operatorsneedtobeabletotestandtroubleshoottheir networkstoensureperformancequality.DriveTestistheidealsolutionfor testingGSMnetworksofferingcellularanddataservices.Indrivetestoperatorstotestnetwork performance.Usingthesameservicesofferedtotheirsubscriber.

Inaddition ntoproviding gdatameasur rementsonsu uchparamete erasthroughp putanddelay ys.Thedrive testsavestimeandmo oneybyidenti ifyingproblem msimmediate ely,providest themostcom mpleteGSM Servicess supports,andincreasecust tomersatisfac ctiontoreduc cechurn. REFERENC CES: 1.Cellular rCommunicationNetwork ksbyGeraldW Williamspartia alfulfillmento ofthe termprojectrequireme entsforECE4 404,Compute erNetworks,a atLehighUniv versity.2.TEM MSInvestigation GSM5.1b byEricssons3.MapInfoPro ofessionalbyM MapInfo Corporation4.GlobalS SystemforMo obileCommun nication(GSM M)http://www w.iec.org/online/tutorials/g gsm/i 5.http://www w.alino.biz/Im mages/tems2.htm ndex.asp5 4