Colonial Slavery 1/29/07 9:54 AM

Allodially
First slaves were indentured servants, mortgaged their bodies for several
years to their chespapeake masters
100,000 slaves by 1700
“headright system”
slaves were more expensive than indentured servants
•slaves were apparently treated better than indentured servants
11 million slaves were brought tio the new world from about 1492 to 1792
only 600,000 ended up in north America. Most went to south America
(brazil) and the west indies. Most came after 1700
many new world settlers discovered how well this labor system operartd in
the Spanish and Portuguese colonies
in 1670 there were approximately 5,000 black slaves
•first slaves sold in the US
also white indentured servants were cheaper slave traders sold their crgo in
the west indies and got a higher price
in 1680's the demand for slavery increases
•had to deal with economic and social reasons
owages started to increase in England so the pool of indentured
servants started to diminish
oPlanters feared the growing number of landless freemen in the
colonies (former indentured servants)
oplantations had to resort to a different form of a labor supply
to replace the loss of indentured servants
oIn 698 the royal African company lost its crown-granted
monopoly on carryinf slaves t the colonies
oMany people got into the slave trade
oMany from rhode island got in the business
Slaves were captured on the adrican coast who then traded them to
european and American flesh merchants
Many came from west Africa presnt day Angola and senegal. Bounded and
branded thy were sent to the new world and sold oon auction blocks,
hoerver others were taken from the interior of Africa
as much as 20% died on the voyage
•eventually las appeared that decreed the ironconditions of slavery for
blacks
•early in the 1600s the legal difference between a slave and a servant
was unclear, however by he end of the century sharp distinctions
were made
The so-called slave codes were erected which ade among other things,
blacks and their children the property for life of their white masters, This did
two things!
 •Enhance slave investmet rtherefore expanded the black population
•Enhance reproduction makes southern colonies very very wealthy
some colonies made it a crime to teach slaves how to read and write
Cant buy your way out of slavery

Also African American slaves were much more manageable workforce than
indentured servants
slavery might have begun because of economic reasons; however racial
discrimination would also play a role
Native born African Americans added more spice already to the melting pot
speech- African words became English words voodoo withchcraft
Religion introduce dance and song
song banjo and bongo which already was the start of jazz
Another revolt in 1739 in south Carolina this was called the stono uprising
which some slaves killed several whites and was violently put doen
•in the end however blacks proved to be much more manageable
Many black became seamen to escape the drudgery o=f life on the
lantations
Immigration and Diversity 1/29/07 9:54 AM

Most hite peope who immigrated ito the new world came for economic and religious reasons
The Scot-Irish 150,000 came to the new world
not English, no royalty to the crown
were not irish
Property right sand incentives
•Collective ownership and problems
•Ex.
o10 workers and they collectively own the land
othey produce 100 bushels of corn
othe average ouput per worker is 10 bushels per worker
oassume someone becomes lazy
they cut work their work production in half
so whats the total production now?
95
Whats the average per person? 9.5
oConclusion: cuts work load by 50% but only loses 5% output or consumption
oIncentive to lower work production
oASSUME the opposite effect: workers or worker increases production from 10-12
busheles per week
so what’s the total output now? 102
increases work load bu 20%, however increase in consumption of 2%, no
incentive to increase workload.
Scott landowners mirated to Ireland because of poor farmland in Scotland
Religious conflict
sprrad of commercial farming and high rent force the scot irisdh to migrte for better economic
opportunities
•Settled in the frontier of Pennsylvania then in Virginia and Maryland
•refused to pay rent or taxes
•superb frontiersmen and very individualistic
•adamantly patriotic
•hated the british government for the things that were done to them especilly uprooting them
•lead the armed march of the paxton boys protesting
•some years later, the regulator movement in NC a revolt against eastern domination of
colony’s affairs killed Christian Indians including omen and childten
Locals treated the Indian killers as heroes
•They kept the Sabbath and anything else they could gt their hands on
oAbout a dozen future presidents ere of scot irish descent
Germans
•6% over 100,000 come to the new world
•settled mostly in Pennsylvania
•no loyalty to the english crown
•mostly were Lutheran
•biggest reason they cme to America was to improve their material lives
•mistakenly called ennsylvania dutch because the english thought thegerman word deutsch
meant dutch
•best farmers in the colony
other groups that came to the new world French Hugenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss
and scot highlanders (the only group loyal to the crown)
•Jews settle in nyc
•welsh NY
•Scot settle new jewsy and Georgia
Involuntary groups that came to the NW
•African Americans 20% of the population
•transportation act allowed convicted felons to be sent to the new world
Geographically
•new England was the most non diverse, mostly puritans and mostly English
•John c Calhoun called them the cloud sniffers of the colonies
•Middle states
o50% was non nglish
oespecially ennsylvania
•the south
o80-90% of the population was black
o18 of the 56 people who signed the declaration of independence were NON nglish
•Conclusion although the population was mostly anglo saxon the thirteen colonies were the
most diverse in te world
•an aerican identity will start
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•
Structure of colonial society economic
transformation 1/29/07 9:54 AM
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