JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY CLIFFORD KANGERO BBIT 4THYEAR SEM 2 REG NO HD 232-COO54470/2009 ADVANCED NETWORK SYSTEMS ASSIGNMENT 1

1) Base 5 Ethernet network Type of cables used Networked resources 2) Cell Relay OR Cell switching: This is quite similar in structure to packet switching type

but divides data into equally sized packets or cells. It is supposed to be very efficient for synchronous voice and video transmission and gives amazing clarity. It uses the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer mode) protocol.
3) Three wan connections

4) Wireless Router 5)wireless 6)

Twisted-Pair Cable
Twisted-pair cable is a type of cabling that is used for telephone communications and most modern Ethernet networks. A pair of wires forms a circuit that can transmit data. Twisting the wires can enhance this cancellation effect. Two basic types of twisted-pair cable exist: unshielded twisted pair (UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP). UTP Cable

UTP cable is a medium that is composed of pairs of wires UTP cable is used in a variety of networks. Each of the eight individual copper wires in UTP cable \is covered by an insulating material. In addition, the wires in each pair are twisted around each other. Advantages of UTP UTP cable is easy to install and is less expensive than other types of networking media. In fact, UTP costs less per meter than any other type of LAN cabling. And because UTP can be used with most of the major networking architectures, it continues to grow in popularity. UTP is considered the fastest copper-based medium today Disadvantages UTP cable is more prone to electrical noise and interference than other types of networking media, and the distance between signal boosts is shorter for UTP than it is for coaxial and fiber-optic cables.

Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable combines the techniques of shielding, cancellation, and wire twisting. Advantages STP reduces electrical noise both within the cable (pair-to-pair coupling, or crosstalk) and from outside the cable (EMI and RFI). Disadvantages -It is more expensive and difficult to install. -If it is improperly grounded, the shield acts like an antenna and picks up unwanted signals. Because of its cost and difficulty with termination, STP is rarely used in Ethernet networks. . 2. Coaxial Cable Coaxial cable supports 10 to 100 Mbps and is relatively inexpensive, although it is more costly than UTP on a per-unit length. However, coaxial cable can be cheaper for a physical bus topology because less cable will be needed. Coaxial cable can be cabled over longer distances than twistedpair cable. For example, Ethernet can run approximately 100 meters (328 feet) using twisted-pair cabling. Using coaxial cable increases this distance to 500m (1640.4 feet). advantages.

- It can be run with fewer boosts from repeaters for longer distances between network nodes than either STP or UTP cable -Coaxial cable can be cabled over longer distances than twisted-pair cable - Coaxial cable is less expensive than fiber-optic cable, and the technology is well known; it has been used for many years for all types of data communication. Disadvantage Coaxial cable is more expensive to install than twisted-pair cable. Thicknet cable is almost never used except for special-purpose installation

Wireless Communication
Wireless communication uses radio frequencies (RF) or infrared (IR) waves to transmit data between devices on a LAN. For wireless LANs, a key component is the wireless hub, or access point, used for signal distribution SUMMARY

Media Type UTP

Maximum Segment Length 100 m

Speed

Cost

Advantages

Disadvantages

10 Mbps to 1000 Mbps

Least expensive Easy to install; widely available and widely used

Susceptible to interference; can cover only a limited distance Difficult to work with; can cover only a limited distance Difficult to work with (Thicknet); limited bandwidth; limited application (Thinnet); damage to cable can bring down entire network

STP

100 m

10 Mbps to 100 More expensive Reduced crosstalk; more Mbps than UTP resistant to EMI than Thinnet or UTP 10 Mbps to 100 Relatively Less susceptible to EMI Mbps inexpensive, but interference than other more costly than types of copper media UTP

Coaxial 500 m (Thicknet) 185 m (Thinnet) FiberOptic

10 km and 100 Mbps to farther (single- 100 Gbps mode) (single mode) 2 km and farther (multimode) 100 Mbps to 9.92 Gbps (multimode)

Expensive

Cannot be tapped, so Difficult to terminate security is better; can be used over great distances; is not susceptible to EMI; has a higher data rate than coaxial and twisted-pair cable

QUESTION 2 a) routers

A router essentially determines which way is the shortest or fastest in a network, and routes packets accordingly A bridge extends the connection from one point to another in a network permanently

1. Routers are more intelligent than bridges. 2. Routers allow hosts that arent practically on the same logical network to be able to communicate with each other, while bridges can only connect networks that are logically the same. 3. Routers operate at the layer 3 (network layer) of the OSI model, while bridges are only at the layer 2 (Data link layer). 4. Routers understand and consider IP and IPX addresses, while bridges do not, and instead they recognize MAC addresses. 5. Routing is more efficient, and has better call management, than bridging. b)

networking devices

Router: a specialized network device that determines the next network point to which it can forward a data packet towards the destination of the packet. Unlike a gateway, it cannot interface different protocols. Works on OSI layer 3. Bridge: a device that connects multiple network segments along the data link layer. Works on OSI layer 2. Switch: a device that allocates traffic from one network segment to certain lines (intended destination(s)) which connect the segment to another network segment. So unlike a hub a switch splits the network traffic and sends it to different destinations rather than to all systems on the network. Works on OSI layer 2. Hub: connects multiple Ethernet segments together making them act as a single segment. When using a hub, every attached all the objects, compared to switches, which provide a dedicated connection between individual nodes. Works on OSI layer 1. Repeater: device to amplify or regenerate digital signals received while sending them from one part of a network into another. Works on OSI layer 1.

Some hybrid network devices:

Multilayer Switch: a switch which, in addition to switching on OSI layer 2, provides functionality at higher protocol layers. Protocol Converter: a hardware device that converts between two different types of transmissions, such as asynchronous and synchronous transmissions.

Bridge Router (B router): Combines router and bridge functionality and are therefore working on OSI layers 2 and 3.

REFERNCES http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_types_of_WAN_connections#ixzz1nllkKXMJ http://www.techrepublic.com/article/whats-the-best-wan-connection-type-foryou/5033247 http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/difference-between-router-andbridge/ http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_bridge_and_router#ixzz1nm8

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