1. 2.

Explain the role of normal defences in preventing disease. (TEST 1) Compare normal capillary exchange with exchange during the inflammatory response. (TEST 1)

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Describe the local and systemic effects of inflammation. (TEST 1) Explain the effects of chronic inflammation. (TEST 1) Describe the types of healing and disadvantages of each. (TEST 1) Describe the change in a cell that leads to: (a) loss of function; (b) necrosis (TEST 1). Differentiate between the term metaplasia and malignant neoplasm. (TEST 1) List reasons why a cancer patient may lack adequate nutrition to maintain normal tissue. (TEST 1)

9.

Explain reasons why infection may occur with cancer. (TEST 1)

10. Compare benign and malignant neoplasms. (TEST 1) 11. Describe the typical lesions of atopic dermatitis in the infant ad adults in terms of their location and characteristics. (TEST 1) 12. State the causative organism of shingles, ringworm and boils. (TEST 1) 13. Explain why scratching a pruritic area may cause a scar. (TEST 1) 14. Explain the importance of blood in the body system. 15. Relate blood abnormalities to their functions. 16. Define some terms that describe blood abnormalities. 17. Describe the pathology of various anemias. 18. Differentiate between primary and secondary polycythemia and its effect on blood circulation. 19. Describe haemophilia. 20. Compare acute and chronic leukaemia. 21. Compare Hodgkins disease and non-Hodgkins lymphomas. 22. State the signs of anemia and explain briefly why they occur. (TEST 2) 23. List and describe the signs and symptoms of respiratory disorders. 24. Identify the diagnostic tests used to diagnose respiratory disorders. (TEST 2) 25. Describe the common upper respiratory disorders. 26. Explain how secondary bacterial infections occur in the respiratory tract. (TEST 2) 27. Compare the different types of pneumonia. 28. Compare the types of asthma and describe the pathology and manifestations of an acute attack. 29. Compare emphysema and chronic bronchitis. 30. Describe the causes of pulmonary edema and explain how it affects oxygen levels. 31. Describe the possible causes of adult respiratory distress syndrome. 32. Explain the association of carcinogens to lung cancer.

33. What is the characteristic that define emphysema? (TEST 2) 34. Name another COPD. (TEST 2) 35. Differentiate diarrhea from constipation. 36. List the causes of acute gastritis and describe the common signs. 37. Compare the effects of acute gastritis, chronic gastritis and gastroenteritis. 38. Describe the etiology, signs and possible complications of peptic ulcers. 39. Describe the pathology and early signs of gastric cancer. 40. Describe how gallstones develop and the sign of obstruction. (TEST 2) 41. Differentiate the types of jaundice. 42. Compare the types of infectious hepatitis. 43. Differentiate the types of cirrhosis. 44. Describe the pathology, signs and possible complications of acute pancreatitis. 45. Describe the signs of malabsorption. 46. Describe the causes and possible characteristics of colorectal cancer. 47. Explain the progressive effects of intestinal obstruction and the related signs. 48. State with reasons the common manifestations of digestive system disorders (TEST 2) 49. Describe the common diagnostic tests for cardiovascular function. 50. Identify the signs and symptoms for the various cardio-haemodynamic disorders. 51. State the factors predisposing to atherosclerosis. 52. Discuss the causes of congestive heart failure and the effects of left-sided and right sided failure. (TEST 2) 53. Explain the development and possible effects of essential hypertension. 54. Compare the arterial peripheral vascular diseases atherosclerosis and aneurysms. 55. Describe the development and effects of the venous disorders: vasculitis, thrombosis. 56. Discuss the types of shock and the initial and progressive effects of shock on the body. 57. State the complications of atherosclerosis. (TEST 2) 58. List major disorders of endocrine. 59. Explain the pathogenesis of the disorders. 60. Explain the relationship between metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. 61. Differentiate between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. (TEST 3) 62. Explain the early signs of diabetes. 63. Describe the causes of goiter. 64. Explain the effects of an excess and a deficit of thyroid hormones. 65. List the possible causes of Cushings syndrome. 66. Compare the effects of Cushings and Addisons disease. (TEST 3) 67. Compare acute and chronic failure with regards to common causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms and possible complications. (TEST 3)

68. Explain the development of glomerulonephritis, its signs and symptoms including laboratory tests and possible complications. 69. Describe the etiology and significant manifestations of nephrotic syndrome. 70. Explain the development of pyelonephritis. 71. Explain the common signs and symptoms of urinary obstruction. 72. Differentiate between glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. (TEST 3) 73. Briefly explain why hematuria and proteinuria reflect a glomerular problem rather than a tubular problem in the kidney. (TEST 3) 74. Describe the pathophysiology of testicular cancer. 75. Compare the common menstrual disorders. 76. Explain how pelvic inflammatory disease develops and its effects. 77. Compare the common benign and malignant tumors in the cervix, uterus and ovaries. 78. Describe the common sexually transmitted diseases.