1

1. B
[1]

2. C
[1]

3. A
[1]

4. (a) (i) lines parallel and normal to plates; (ignore any edge effect)
equally spaced;
direction from (+) to (); 3
(ii) curved path between plates and no curvature outside;
in downward direction; 2
(b) (i) change = qAV;
= 1.6 10
19
750
= 1.2 10
16
J; 2
Or 750 eV.
(ii) mv
2
= 1.2 10
16
;
9.1 10
31
v
2
= 1.2 10
16
/ v
2
= 2.64 10
14

to give v = 1.67 10
7
m s
1
; 2
(c) (i) inside solenoid, lines parallel to axis;
line spacing about double at ends / lines equally spaced in solenoid;
reasonable shape (symmetry and curving);
correct direction (to left); 4
(ii) path with no deviation along axis; 1
(d) (i) velocity component normal to field = 1.6 10
7
sin 35;
= 9.2 10
6
m s
1
; 2
(ii) circular motion;
in plane normal to paper;
r
mv
2
= Bqv / r =
) 10 6 . 1 10 0 . 4 (
) 10 2 . 9 10 1 . 9 (
19 3
6 31

;
radius of circle = 1.3 10
2
m; 4
(iii) velocity component along field = 1.6 10
7
cos 35
= 1.3 10
7
m s
1
; 1
(iv) force is zero;
because F = Bqv sinu and u = 0 or in words; 2
(e) helical shape (allow spiral shape);
any further detail e.g. constant pitch etc.; 2
Award [2] for a good diagram.
[25]

5. (a) situation 1: EE / GG;
situation 2: EG / GE; 2
(b) equal amounts of each type are produced in electrification by friction;
2
and the normal state of matter is neutral; 2 max
OWTTE; Accept each cancels the other out.
(c) 6 max
Hypothesis / theory Explanation
Franklin
all matter contains an
electrical fluid;
fluid is transferred from one
object to another by friction;
two objects with excess fluid
or less fluid will repel and
excess and less will attract;
Modern atomic
theory
protons and electrons
carry equal and
opposite charges;
electrons are transferred during
friction;
two objects with excess or less
electrons will repel and excess
and less will attract;
or electron transfer leaves on +
the other object ;
two like charges repel, unlike
attract;
Award [1] each for sensibly worded hypothesis and 2 each for
an explanation in terms of the hypothesis which shows that they
have an understanding of what is going on up to [6 max].
[10]

6. B
[1]

7. C
[1]

8. D
[1]

9. B
[1]

10. A
[1]

11. C
[1]

12. (a) (i) M shown at peak or trough; 1
(ii) Z shown on t-axis; 1
3

(b) by Lenzs law, e.m.f. (or current) must change direction as flux cutting
changes direction;
as magnet oscillates, flux is cut in opposite directions; 2
[4]

13. (a) (i) if independent of charge;
must be gravitational;
(ii) depends on charge so electric or magnetic;
independent of velocity so electric;
(iii) (depends on velocity and charge, so) magnetic; 5 max
(b) idea of change in electric potential energy = gain in kinetic energy;
qAV = mv
2
;
(1.6 10
19
2.1 10
3
) = ( 9.1 10
31
v
2
) / v = 7.38 10
14
; 3
Award [0] for v = 2.7 10
7
m s
1
.
(c) (i) correct force direction (upwards); 1
(ii) force =
d
qV
;
=
) 10 2 . 2 (
) 95 10 6 . 1 (
2
19

= 6.9 10
16
N; 3
(d) (i) time to cross plates =
) 10 7 . 2 (
) 10 12 (
7
2

= 4.44 10
9
s; 1
(ii) vertical acceleration =
) 10 1 . 9 (
) 10 9 . 6 (
31
16

(= 7.58 10
14
m s
2
);
distance = a t
2
;
= 7.58 10
14
(4.44 10
9
)
2
allow ecf;
= 7.5 10
3
m; 3
(e) gravitational force is very small;
small in comparison with electric or magnetic force; 2
(f) (i) force due to B-field must be downwards;
mention of Flemings left-hand rule / right-hand palm rule;
hence field into paper; 3
(ii) Bqv = 6.9 10
16
N allow ecf
B =
) 10 7 . 2 10 6 . 1 (
) 10 9 . 6 (
7 19
16

;
= 1.6 10
4
T; 2 max
4

(g) (i) electric force unchanged;
magnetic force is greater;
hence deflection downwards;
(ii) both forces reversed in direction;
but not changed in magnitude;
hence undeflected;
(iii) undeflected; 7 max
[30]

14. C
[1]

15. A
[1]

16. D
[1]


17. D
[1]

18. B
[1]

19. B
[1]


20. C
[1]

21. (a) [1] for any valid and relevant point e.g.
Geiger-Marsden experiment involved bombardment of gold foil by
alpha particles;
most passed straight through / were deviated through small angles but,
some deflected through large angles;
these alpha particles were heading towards central nucleus; 3 max
(b) [1] for any valid and relevant point e.g.
protons in nucleus repel each other (seen or implied);
but are held together by the strong nuclear force / or neutrons are
involved keeping it bound together / OWTTE; 2 max
5

(c) (i) attempted use of F =
2
0
2 1
4 r
q q
c
;
with q
1
= q
2
= 10
29
e = 1.6 10
10
C;
and r = 100 m;
to get F = 2.3 10
26
N ~ 10
26
N; 4 max
(ii) people are overall electrically neutral;
equal numbers of positive charges mean that overall the electrical
force is zero / OWTTE; 2 max
[11]

22. (a) (i) correct substitution into power = p.d. current
to give power = 12 0.5 = 6 W; 1 max
(ii) correct substitution into V = I R
to give R =
5 . 0
12
= 24; 1 max
(b) correct positioning of ammeter;
correct positioning of voltmeter;
e.g.

12 V battery
A
V
2 max
(c) (i) the battery (or the ammeter or the wires) must have some resistance;
some p.d. is used up so less available / OWTTE; 2 max
(ii) low voltage requires low current and thus large resistance;
max resistance of variable resistor not infinite / OWTTE; 2 max
6

(d) (i) any circuit involving potentiometer or equivalent;
that correctly controls the p.d. across the bulb;
with meters still correctly connected;

A
V
3 max
(ii) [1] for each relevant point e.g.
the 12 V is shared by the two halves of the resistor;
if the LH half is zero resistance, the p.d. will be zero / OWTTE; 2 max
(e) (i) appropriate statement of Ohms law;
e.g. p.d. proportional to current of constant temperature.
temperature is not constant as current varies / OWTTE; 2 max
(ii) lamp B must have greater power dissipation;
since it has a greater current for the same p.d. / OWTTE;
so power dissipation (= V I) is greater; 3 max
(f) (i) current lamp A equals the current in lamp B / OWTTE; 1 max
(ii) any answer that is less than 0.5 A but above 0.3 A;
realization (seen or implied) that each lamp does not have the same p.d.;
explanation (or evidence from the graph) of trying to find the
current when the individual p.d.s sum to 12 V;
to give 0.4 A ( 0.1); 4 max
(iii) lamp A will have greater power dissipation;
since current the same, but it takes greater share of p.d.; 2 max
[25]

23. (a) [1] for each appropriate and valid point e.g.
thermal energy is the K.E. of the component particles of an object;
thus measured in joules;
the temperature of an object is a measure how hot something is
(it can be used to work out the direction of the natural flow of thermal
energy between two objects in thermal contact) / measure of the average
K.E. of molecules;
it is measured on a defined scale (Celsius, Kelvin etc.); 4 max
(b) (i) correct substitution: energy = power time;
= 1200 W (30 60) s;
= 2.2 10 J 2 max
(ii) use of E = m c Au;
7
to get Au = 2.2 10
6
/ (4200 70) K;
= 7.5 K; 3 max
(c) [1] naming each process up to [3 max].
convection;
conduction;
radiation;
[1] for an appropriate (matching) piece of information / outline
for each process up to [3 max].
e.g. convection is the transfer of thermal energy via bulk movement of a gas
due to a change of density;
conduction is transfer of thermal energy via intermolecular collisions;
radiation is the transfer of thermal energy via electromagnetic waves
(IR part of the electromagnetic spectrum in this situation) / OWTTE; 6 max
(d) (i) [1] for each valid and relevant point e.g.
in evaporation the faster moving molecules escape;
this means the average K.E. of the sample left has fallen;
a fall in average K.E. is the same as a fall in temperature; 3 max
(ii) energy lost by evaporation = 50 % 2.2 10
6
J;
= 1.1 10
6
J;
correct substitution into E = m l
to give mass lost = 1.1 10
6
J / 2.26 10
6
J kg
1

= 0.487 kg
= 487 g; 3 max
(iii) [1] for any valid and relevant factors [2 max] e.g.
area of skin exposed;
presence or absence of wind;
temperature of air;
humidity of air etc.;
[1] for appropriate and matching explanations [2 max] e.g.
increased area means greater total evaporation rate;
presence of wind means greater total evaporation rate;
evaporation rate depends on temperature difference;
increased humidity decreases total evaporation rate etc.; 4 max
[25]

24. (a) =
2
2
4d
kQ
or F =
2
0
2
16 d
Q
c
; 1 max
(b)
4
F
; 1 max
(c) the spheres can be assumed to be point charges; 1 max
(d) each time the charge is shared it halves in value on each sphere;
if F is proportional to the product of the charges then F will be reduced by
4
1
each time /
OWTTE; 2 max
i.e. Look for the halving in value of the charge and the effect is
has on F.
(e)
8
+
+

Mark diagram and description together looking for these points:
unlabelled diagram;
description / labelling;
force between the charges produces a twist in suspension;
amount of twist is a measure of the force; 4 max
Award good answers [4 max] and weak answers [1 max].
[9]

25. C
[1]



(b) (i) correct substitution: energy = power time;
= 1200 W (30 60) s;
= 2.2 10 J 2 max
(ii) use of E = m c Au;
to get Au = 2.2 10
6
/ (4200 70) K;
= 7.5 K; 3 max
(c) [1] naming each process up to [3 max].
convection;
conduction;
radiation;
[1] for an appropriate (matching) piece of information / outline
for each process up to [3 max].
e.g. convection is the transfer of thermal energy via bulk movement of a gas
due to a change of density;
conduction is transfer of thermal energy via intermolecular collisions;
radiation is the transfer of thermal energy via electromagnetic waves
(IR part of the electromagnetic spectrum in this situation) / OWTTE; 6 max
(d) (i) [1] for each valid and relevant point e.g.
in evaporation the faster moving molecules escape;
this means the average K.E. of the sample left has fallen;
a fall in average K.E. is the same as a fall in temperature; 3 max
9

(ii) energy lost by evaporation = 50 % 2.2 10
6
J;
= 1.1 10
6
J;
correct substitution into E = m l
to give mass lost = 1.1 10
6
J / 2.26 10
6
J kg
1

= 0.487 kg
= 487 g; 3 max
(iii) [1] for any valid and relevant factors [2 max] e.g.
area of skin exposed;
presence or absence of wind;
temperature of air;
humidity of air etc.;
[1] for appropriate and matching explanations [2 max] e.g.
increased area means greater total evaporation rate;
presence of wind means greater total evaporation rate;
evaporation rate depends on temperature difference;
increased humidity decreases total evaporation rate etc.; 4 max
[25]

26. D
[1]

27. (a) there are two types of charge: positive and negative;
if they are moved apart, this is charge separation / OWTTE; 2 max
(b) electric field strength is the force per unit charge;
felt by a positive test charge placed in the field / OWTTE; 2 max
Accept mathematical definitions, but do not award any marks
for just copying the formula from the data booklet. Answers
need to define the terms to receive credit.
(c) straight lines from Earth to negative;
equally spaced;
edge effect shown;
thundercloud
500 m
ground

3 max
10

(d) (e) correct substitution to calculate (= 2.86 10
6
C m
2
);
E = 20 / (8.85 10
2
7 10
6
) V m
1
;
= 3.2 10
5
V m
1
;
= 3 10
5
V m
1
; 3 max
(ii) [1] for each appropriate and sensible assumption e.g.
edge of cloud parallel to ground;
cloud and ground effectively infinite length;
permittivity of air the same as vacuum;
ground and cloud surface both flat, etc.; 2 max
(e) potential difference = 3.2 10
5
500 V;
= 1.6 10
8
V; 2 max
Accept 1.5 10
8
V.
(f) (i) average current = 20 C / 20 ms
= 1000 A; 1
(ii) average p.d. = 1.6 10
8
V / 2 = 0.8 10
8
V;
energy released = average p.d charge = 0.8 10
8
20;
= 1.6 10
9
J; 3 max
[2] if maximum p.d. used to get 3.2 10
9
J.
[18]

28. (a) Q is destructive interference;
since the difference in path lengths from the speakers to Q;
must be a
2
1
difference; 3 max
Accept (n +
2
1
) difference / OWTTE.
(b) frequency = 2 Hz time between loud points = 0.5 s;
wavelength of sound, = 330 / 360 = 0.917 m;
distance between loud points = D / a;
= (0.917 10.0 / 4.0) m
= 2.29 m;
Accept solutions using n = d sin u.
since speed = distance / time;
= 2.29 / 0.5 ms
1

= 4.58 ms
1
~ 5 ms 6 max
N.B. The solution above is, of course, an estimation. If the
answer attempts full solution (i.e. does not resort to small
angle estimations) but still gets confused with maths, full marks
can be awarded if appropriate progress is made or
understanding shown.
(c) realization that the set-up is to do with beats;
two signal generators give different frequencies that are 2 Hz apart;
must be 359 Hz and the other 361 Hz; 3 max
[12]

11

29. (a) [1] for each appropriate and valid point e.g.
thermal energy is the K.E. of the component particles of an object;
thus measured in joules;
the temperature of an object is a measure how hot something is (it can
be used to work out the direction of the natural flow of thermal energy
between two objects in thermal contact) / measure of the average
K.E. of molecules;
it is measured on a defined scale (Celsius, Kelvin etc.); 4 max
(b) (i) correct substitution: energy = power time;
= 1200 W (30 60) s;
= 2.2 10
6
J 2 max
(ii) use of E = m c Au;
to get Au = 2.2 10
6
/ (4200 70) K;
= 7.5 K; 3 max
(c) [1] naming each process up to [3 max].
convection;
conduction;
radiation;
[1] for an appropriate (matching) piece of information / outline
for each process up to [3 max].
e.g. convection is the transfer of thermal energy via bulk movement
of a gas due to a change of density;
conduction is transfer of thermal energy via intermolecular collisions;
radiation is the transfer of thermal energy via electromagnetic
waves (IR part of the electromagnetic spectrum in this
situation) / OWTTE; 6 max
(d) (i) energy lost by evaporation = 50 % 2.2 10
6
J;
= 1.1 10
6
J;
correct substitution into E = m l
to give mass lost = 1.1 10
6
J / 2.26 10
6
J kg
1

= 0.487 kg
= 487 g; 3 max
(ii) [1 max] for any valid and relevant factor e.g.
area of skin exposed;
presence or absence of wind;
temperature of air;
humidity of air etc.;
[1 max] for an appropriate and matching explanation e.g.
increased area means greater total evaporation rate;
presence of wind means greater total evaporation rate;
evaporation rate depends on temperature difference;
increased humidity decreases total evaporation rate etc.; 2 max
[20]

30. D
[1]

12

31. B
[1]

32. B
[1]

33. B
[1]

34. A
[1]

35. (a) (i) zero deflection of leaf; negative charge on cap; 2
(award [0] if charge shown elsewhere)
(ii) diagram unchanged from diagram 2; 1
(iii) leaf raised; negative charge on leaf and cap; 2
(disregard number of () signs)
(b) (i) energy per unit charge; (ratio idea necessary)
to move positive test charge between points; 2
(ii) leaf undeflected when charge on electroscope / vice versa;
leaf deflects when charge moved towards/away from electroscope;
hence gives a measure of potential; 3
Allow any sensible relevant comments leading to a valid
conclusion.
(c) (i) use of e.m.f. = energy / charge;
=
) 10 8 . 5 (
) 10 1 . 8 (
3
3

= 1.4 V; 2
Award [0] for formula E =
Q
F
seen or implied even if answer is
numerically correct.
(ii) p.d. across internal resistance = 0.2 V; OR current =
6
2 . 1
= 0.2A;
resistance r = |
.
|

\
|
2 . 1
2 . 0
6.0; total resistance =
2 . 0
4 . 1
= 7.0 O;
= 1.0 O; internal resistance = 7 6 = 1.0 O; 3
Accept any other valid route.
(iii) idea of use of ratio of resistances;
energy transfer = 6/7 8.1 10
3

= 6.9(4) 10 J; 2
Accept any other valid route.
13

(iv) charge carriers/electrons have kinetic energy / are moving;
these carriers collide with the lattice/lattice ions; (do not allow friction)
causing increased (amplitude of) vibrations;
this increase seen as a temperature rise;
i.e. a transfer to thermal energy; 5
Allow any other relevant and correct statements.
(d) chemical energy in battery electrical energy / kinetic energy of electrons;
electrical energy magnetic energy / kinetic energy of iron pieces;
(gravitational) potential energy of iron pieces; 3
[25]

36. C
[1]

37. C
[1]

38. A
[1]

39. (a) any particle has wave-like properties / other appropriate statement;
where wavelength =
p
h
with h and p identified; 2
Can be back credited from (b).
(b) use of E =
m
p
2
2
; OR
2
1
mv
2
= qV or v = |
.
|

\
|
m
qV 2
;
5.0 10
3
1.6 10
19
2 9.1 10
31
= p
2
v =
|
|
.
|

\
|

31
3 19
10 11 . 9
10 0 . 5 10 6 . 1 2

p = 3.8 10
23
; = 4.1(9) 10
7
m s
1
;
=
) 10 82 . 3 (
) 10 3 . 6 (
23
34

; =
7 31
34
10 19 . 4 10 11 . 9
10 63 . 6

;
= 1.7(4) 10
11
m; = 1.7(4) 10
11
m; 4
Award incorrect calculation of p or v but then clear and correct
evaluation of [2 max].
[6]

40. (a) (i) zero deflection of leaf;
negative charge on cap; 2
(award [0] if charge shown elsewhere)
(ii) diagram unchanged from diagram 2; 1
(iii) leaf raised; negative charge on leaf and cap; 2
(disregard number of () signs)
14

(b) (i) energy per unit charge; (ratio idea necessary)
to move positive test charge between points; 2
(ii) leaf undeflected when charge on electroscope / vice versa;
leaf deflects when charge moved towards / away from electroscope;
hence gives a measure of potential; 3
Allow any sensible relevant comments leading to a valid
conclusion.
[10]

41. (i) use of e.m.f. = energy / charge;
=
) 10 8 . 5 (
) 10 1 . 8 (
3
3

= 1.4 V; 2
Award [0] for formula E =
Q
F
seen or implied even if answer is
numerically correct.
(ii) p.d. across internal resistance = 0.2 V; OR current =
6
2 . 1
= 0.2 A;
resistance r = |
.
|

\
|
2 . 1
2 . 0
6.0 ; total resistance =
2
4 . 1
= 7.0 O;
= 1.0 O; internal resistance = 7 6 = 1.0 O; 3
Accept any other valid route.
(iii) idea of use of ratio of resistances;
energy transfer = 6/7 8.1 10
3

= 6.9(4) 10
3
J; 2
Accept any other valid route.
(iv) charge carriers/electrons have kinetic energy / are moving;
these carriers collide with the lattice/lattice ions; (do not allow friction)
causing increased (amplitude of) vibrations;
this increase seen as a temperature rise;
i.e. a transfer to thermal energy; 5
Allow any other relevant and correct statements.
[12]

42. (i) (induced) e.m.f. proportional to rate of change of magnetic flux (linkage);
(do not allow induced current)
as current increases, magnetic field in coil increases;
thus change in flux linkage and e.m.f. induced; 3
(ii) direction of (induced) e.m.f. such as to tend to oppose;
the change producing it;
induced e.m.f. must oppose e.m.f. of battery / growth of current in circuit; 3
(iii) energy is supplied by the battery;
in making charge move against the induced e.m.f.; 2
[8]

15

43. A
[1]

44. B
[1]

45. A
[1]

46. D
[1]

47. B
[1]

48. (a)
V
I
0
0 1
Any reasonable curve in the right direction.
(b) (i) from the value of V/I at any point on the curve; 1
Do not accept just from V/I.
(ii) non-ohmic because the resistance (V/I at each point)
is not constant / OWTTE; 1
(c) (i) 50 O; 1
(ii) recognize that the voltage must divide in the ratio 3 : 1;
to give R = 150 O; 2]#
Or answer could be solved via the current.
[6]

16

49. (a)

sufficient arrows to show decreasing radial field;
direction;
no field in the centre; 3
(b) (i) use E = k
2
r
q
to show E = 4.0 10
4
V m
1
; 1
(c) (i) along a field line; 1
(ii) F = ma = qE;
a =
m
q
E;
= 1.8 10
11
4.0 10
4
= 7.2 10
15
m s
2
; 3
(iii) decreasing;
electric field strength is decreasing so force on electron is decreasing; 2
Do not penalize the candidate if they state field is decreasing.
Award the right answer, with the wrong reason [0].
(iv) increase in KE =
2
1
mv
2
= 4.5 10
31
36 10
12
= 1.6 10
17
J;
= qV;
to give V = 100 V; 3
[13]

50. B
[1]

51. D
[1]

52. C
[1]

53. A
[1]

17
54. (a) (i) out of the paper ; 1
(ii) to the left ; 1
For (i) and (ii) award [1 max] if labels are missing.
(b) (i) E = Blv = 0.2 0.3 5.5 = 0.33 V; 1
(ii) F = BIL = 0.2 0.8 0.30 = 0.048 N; 1
(c) P = Fv = 0.048 5.5 = 0.26 W;
= EI = 0.33 0.80 = 0.26 W; 2
[6]

55. (a) the work done per unit charge;
in bringing a small positive charge;
from infinity to that point; 3
A completely accurate definition is necessary for [3 max].
(b) (i)

sufficient arrows to show decreasing radial field;
direction;
no field in the centre; 3
(ii) three concentric circles;
with increasing radii; 2
(c) since field strength is the gradient of potential;
E must be decreasing;
or
some recognition that if the field were constant for example;
the lines would be equally spaced;
OWTTE; 2 max
Allow [1 max] for bald statement spacing between
equipotentials is increasing / OWTTE.
18

(d)
0
0
V
a r

constant V inside;
something that resembles a 1/r dependency outside; 2
V at surface must equal V inside.
(e) use V = k
r
q
to show V = 1800 V; 1
(f) (i) along a field line; 1
(ii) use V = k
r
q
to find V at 0.30 m = 270 V;
use
2
1
mv
2
= AVe;
to give v =
31
19
10 1 . 9
10 6 . 1 1530 2

;
to give v = 2.3 10
7
m s
1
; 4
[18]

56. C
[1]

57. D
[1]

58. C
[1]

59. B
[1]


60. D
[1]

61. C
[1]

19

62. B
[1]

63. (a) (i) when connected to a 3 V supply, the lamp will be at normal brightness;
and energy is produced in the filament at the rate of 0.60 W;
Look for the idea that 3 V is the operating voltage and the idea
of energy transformation.
or
when connected to a 3 V supply, the lamp will be at normal brightness;
and the resistance of the filament is 15 / the current in the filament is
0.20 A; 2 max
(ii) I =
V
P
;
to give I = 0.20 A; 2
(b) (i) at maximum value, the supply voltage divides between the
resistance of the variable resistor, internal resistance and the
resistance of the filament;
i.e. response must show the idea of the voltage dividing between the
various resistances in the circuit. Do not penalise if responses do not
mention internal resistance here.
at zero resistance, the supply voltage is now divided between the filament resistance
and the internal resistance of the supply; 2
(ii) when resistance of variable resistor is zero, e.m.f. = Ir + V
lamp
;
3.0 = 0.2 r + 2.6;
to give r = 2.0 O; 3
(c) (i) 3.3 O; 1
(ii) 13 O; 1
(d) at the higher pd, greater current and therefore hotter; the resistance of a
metal increases with increasing temperature; OWTTE; 2 max
(e)
I
V
0
0

correct approximate shape (i.e. showing decreasing gradient with increasing V); 1
20

(f) parallel resistance of lamp and YZ is calculated from
12
1
4
1 1
+ =
R
;
to give R = 3.0 O;
3.0 V therefore divides between 3.0 O and 12.0 O;
to give pd across the lamp = 0.60 V;
Give relevant credit if answers go via the currents i.e.
calculation of total resistance = 15.0 O;
total current = 0.20 A;
current in lamp = 0.15 A; 4
[18]

64. (a) the force exerted per unit charge;
on a small positive (test) charge; 2
Accept either small or test or both.
(b) (i) substitute for r = a 2 ;
into E =
2
r
kQ
to get E =
2
2a
kQ
; 2
(ii) ; 1
(iii) E for each component =
2
a
kQ
;
add vectorially;
to get E
tot
=
2
2
a
kQ
; 3
Award [1] if not added vectorially i.e. E
tot
= 2
2
a
kQ

[8]

65. B
[1]

66. D
[1]

67. B
[1]

21

68. (a) all particles have a wavelength associated with them / OWTTE;
the de Broglie hypothesis gives the associated wavelength as =
p
h
;
where h is the Planck constant and p is the momentum of the particle; 3
If answers just quote the formula from the data book then award
[1] for showing at least they recognize which formula relates to
the hypothesis.
(b) (i) KE = Ve = 850 1.6 10
19
J = 1.4 10
16
J; 1
(ii) use E =
m
p
2
2
to get p = mE 2 ;
substitute p =
16 31
10 4 . 1 10 1 . 9 2

= 1.6 10
23
N s; 2
(iii) =
p
h
;
substitute =
23
34
10 6 . 1
10 6 . 6

= 4.1 10
11
m; 2
[8]

69. (a) move the ring over the end of the magnet / OWTTE; 1
i.e. magnet stationary, ring moved.
(b)

diagram showing wire wrapped around part of the ring;
and appropriate connections to battery and variable resistor;
as the current is changed by altering the value of the resistance;
a current is induced in the ring; 4
Mark diagram and description together look for any sensible
description of the production of transformer induced currents.
(c) (i) the emf induced in the ring;
is equal/proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
linking the ring; 2
(ii)

clockwise;
Lenzs law: induced current is such as to oppose the change / OWTTE;
current in this direction induces a field in the opposite direction to the
changing field / OWTTE; 3
(iii) area = 3.14 (1.2)
2
10
2
= 4.5 10
2
m
2
;
rate of flux change = 4.5 10
2
m 1.8 10
3
= emf = 8.1 10
5
V;
22
current =
2
5
10 5 . 1
) 10 1 . 8 (

= 5.4 mA; 3
[13]

70. D
[1]

71. B
[1]

72. D
[1]

73. D
[1]

74. C
[1]

75. C
[1]

76. B
[1]

77. (a) (i) ; 1
(ii)

general shape: at least one circle around each wire and one loop
around both wires;
appropriate spacing of lines: increasing separation with distance
from wires;
correct direction of field; 3
(b) velocity increases;
acceleration increases;
because the force is getting larger the closer the wires get together; 3
Watch for ECF if force is drawn in wrong direction in (a) (i) i.e.
velocity increases, acceleration decreases, force gets smaller.
[7]

78. (a) (i) EI; 1
(ii) I
2
r; 1
(iii) VI; 1
23
(b) (from the conservation of energy), EI = I
2
r + VI;
therefore, V = E Ir / E = V + Ir; 2
(c)
V
A

correct position of voltmeter;
correct position of ammeter;
correct position of variable resistor; 3
(d) (i) E = V when I = 0;
so E = 1.5 V; 2
(ii) recognize this is when V = 0;
intercept on the x-axis = 1.3 (0.1) A; 2
(iii) r is the slope of the graph;
sensible choice of triangle, at least half the line as hypotenuse;
=
6 . 0
7 . 0
;
= 1.2 (0.1)O
or
when V = 0 E = Ir;
r =
I
E

=
3 . 1
5 . 1
;
= 1.2O 3
(e) R = 1.2O;
I =
2 . 1 2 . 1
5 . 1
+
= 0.63A;
P = I
2
R = (0.63)
2
1.2 = 0.48W / 0.47 W; 3
[18]

79. D
[1]

24

80. B
[1]

81. D
[1]

82. (a) force exerted per unit mass;
on a small / point mass; 2
(b) from the law of gravitation, the field strength
2
R
M
G
m
F
= ;
= g
0
to give GM = g
0
R
2
; 2
N.B. To achieve full marks, candidates need to state that
m
F
=
g
0
.
(c) downwards; (accept 90 to B field or down the wire) 1
(d) F = Bevcos; 1
(e) work done in moving an electron the length of the wire is
W = FL = BevLcos;
e.m.f. = work done per unit charge;
therefore, E = BLvcos;
or
electric field =
e
F
= Bvcos;
e.m.f. E = electric field L;
to give E = BLvcos; 3
Award [2 max] if flux linkage argument is used.
(f) F = G
r
mv
r
Mm
2
2
= ;
such that v
2
=
r
R g
r
GM
2
0
= ;
v
2
=
6
12 2
10 7 . 6
10 ) 4 . 6 ( 10

to give v = 7.8 10
3
m s
1
; 3
(g) L =
u cos Bv
E
;
=
93 . 0 10 8 . 7 10 3 . 6
10
3 6
3


=2.2 10
4
m; 2
[14]

25

83. (a)

general shape: at least one circle around each wire and one loop around
both wires;
appropriate spacing of lines: increasing separation with distance from wires;
correct direction of field; 3
(b) constant separation / parallel;
current measured in terms of force per unit length of the wires;
or
accept complete definition:
wires 1 m apart;
force between them is 2 10
7
N per metre length when current is 1 A; 2
(c) velocity increases;
acceleration increases;
because the force is getting larger the closer the wires get together; 3
If answered in terms of a repulsion force then [2 max].
[8]

84. B
[1]

85. C
[1]

86. A
[1]


87. B
[1]

88. D
[1]

89. (a) component X, battery, ammeter all in series and including means of
varying current; with voltmeter in parallel across component X; 2
(b) (i) 4.0 A; 1
(ii) use of R =
I
V
, and not gradient of graph;
resistance = 1.5; 2
(c) (i) straight-line through origin, quadrants 1 or 3 or both;
correct gradient, i.e. passes through V = 4.0 V, I = 2.0 A; 2
(ii) p.d.s across X and across R will be 3.7 V (0.1V ) and 6.0 V;
Award [0] if only one p.d. is correct.
26
total p.d. = 9.7 V; 2
(d) (i) large change in resistance with temperature change;
unique value of R at any temperature;
not dissipate thermal energy;
small physical size / small thermal capacity; 2 max
(ii) measure resistance at two known temperatures;
divide scale into equally sized units;
any further detail
e.g. t / =
) (
) (
0 100
0
R R
R R
t

100 or scale is empirical (for this

thermometer only) or fixed point specified; 3
[14]

90. (a) concentric circles;
separation increases (at least three circles required to see this);
correct direction (anticlockwise); 3
(b) (i) current in one turn produces magnetic field in region of the other turn;
gives rise to a force on the wire;
Newtons third / idea of vice versa (gives rise to attraction) /
idea of vice versa (gives rise to shortening); 3
(ii) use of B =
r 2
0
I
(gives B = 1.0 10
4
I );
use of F = BIL;
= 1.0 10
4
I
2
2 3.0 10
2
;
this force is equal to mg;
hence I
2
= 52.04, and I = 7.2 A; 5
[11]

91. D
[1]

92. D
[1]

93. C
[1]

94. A
[1]

95. A
[1]

27

96. (a) component X, battery, ammeter all in series and including means of varying
current;
with voltmeter in parallel across component X; 2
(b) (i) 4.0 A; 1
(ii) use of R =
I
V
, and not gradient of graph;
resistance = 1.5 ; 2
(c) (i) straight-line through origin, quadrants 1 or 3 or both;
correct gradient, i.e. passes through V = 4.0 V, I = 2.0 A ; 2
(ii) p.d.s across X and across R will be 3.7 V ( 0.1V) and 6.0 V;
Award [0] if only one p.d. is correct.
total p.d. = 9.7 V; 2
[9]

97. (a) (i) e.m.f. (induced) proportional to;
rate of change /cutting of (magnetic) flux (linkage); 2
(ii) magnetic field / flux through coil will change as the current changes; 1
(b) (i) sinusoidal and in phase with current; 1
(ii) sinusoidal and same frequency;
with 90 phase difference to candidates graph for ; 2
(iii) e.m.f. is reduced;
because B is smaller; 2
Award [0] for e.m.f. is reduced if argument fallacious.
(c) advantage: no direct contact with cable required;
disadvantage: distance to wire must be fixed; 2
[10]