UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA SALESIANA FACULTAD DE INGENIERAS INGENIERA MECNICA

CONTROL NUMERICO COMPUTARIZADO RESUMEN FMS AND CNC SYSTEMS

OCTAVO NIVEL GEOVANNY LEICA P. 2012-04-16

INTRODUCTION Every time the world is growing industry is necessary to improve their manufacturing methods to deliver a better product to their customers. In Industry it is not efficient or profitable to make everyday products by hand. On a CNC machine it is possible to make hundreds or even thousands of the same items in a day. First a design is drawn using design software, and then it is processed by the computer and manufactured using the CNC machine. One of the most revolutionary concepts of Machining Processes to emerge in the last two decades has been the concept of Flexible Manufacturing System (F.M.S.). It is a concept of machining where a set of machine tools can be used to perform a wide range of machining operations to produce a variety of products. This dynamic nature of the machine tools can be achieved by developing a beautiful amalgamation of Hardware and Software components.

CNC Computer Numerical Control (CNC) is one in which the functions and motions of a machine tool are controlled by means of a prepared program containing coded alphanumeric data. CNC can control the motions of the workpiece or tool, the input parameters such as feed, depth of cut, speed, and the functions such as turning spindle on/off, turning coolant on/off. APPLICATIONS In the machine tool category, CNC is widely used for lathe, drill press, milling machine, grinding unit, laser, sheet-metal press working machine, tube bending machine etc. Highly automated machine tools such as turning center and machining center which change the cutting tools automatically under CNC control have been developed. ELEMENTS OF A CNC A CNC system consists of three basic components FMS A method for producing goods that is readily adaptable to changes in the product being manufactured, in which machines are able to manufacture parts and in the ability to handle varying levels of production. A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) gives manufacturing firms an advantage in a quickly changing manufacturing environment. FLEXIBLE CELLS Sets of machines that are grouped by the products or parts they produce in a lean manufacturing environment. This system is used in the cellular manufacturing concept, which is distinct from the traditional functional manufacturing system in which all similar machines are grouped together. The use of manufacturing cells improves material flow and is especially suited for batch production, even in relatively low volumes. The FMS systems required the use of CAD, CAM, and CAE wich are drawing, manufacturing and engineering by computer. Computer Aided Design CAD Part program Machine Control Unit (MCU) Machine tool (lathe, drill press, milling machine etc) High accuracy in manufacturing. Short production time. Greater manufacturing flexibility. Simpler featuring. Contour machining (2 to 5 axis machining). Reduced human error. The drawbacks include high cost, maintenance, and the requirement of skilled part programmer.

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

CAD is technology concerned with using computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of a design. Any computer program that embodies computer graphics and an application program facilitating engineering functions in design process can be classified as CAD software. The most basic role of CAD is to define the geometry of design a mechanical part, a product assembly, an architectural structure, an electronic circuit, a building layout, etc. The greatest benefits of CAD systems are that they can save considerable time and reduce errors caused by otherwise having to redefine the geometry of the design from scratch every time it is needed. Computer Aided Manufacturing CAM CAM technology involves computer systems that plan, manage, and control the manufacturing operations through computer interface with the plants production resources. One of the most important areas of CAM is numerical control (NC). This is the technique of using programmed instructions to control a machine tool, which cuts, mills, grinds, punches or turns raw stock into a finished part. Computer Aided Engineering CAE CAE technology uses a computer system to analyze the functions of a CADcreated product, allowing designers to simulate and study how the product will behave so that the design can be refined and optimized. CAE tools are available for a number of different types of analyses. One of the most popular methods of analyses is using a Finite Element Method (FEM). This approach can be used to determine stress, deformation, heat transfer, magnetic field distribution, fluid flow, and other continuous field problems that are often too tough to solve with any other approach. Advantages and disadvantages of FMSs implementation Advantages

Faster, lower- cost changes from one part to another which will improve capital utilization Lower direct labor cost, due to the reduction in number of workers Reduced inventory, due to the planning and programming precision Consistent and better quality, due to the automated control Savings from the indirect labor, from reduced errors, rework, repairs and rejects Limited ability to adapt to changes in product or product mix (ex. machines are of limited capacity and the tooling necessary for products, even of the same family, is not always feasible in a given FMS) Substantial pre-planning activity Technological problems of exact component positioning and precise timing necessary to process a component Sophisticated manufacturing systems

Disadvantages