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Objectives

Cables

A glance at calculation of internal forces in trusses. An introduction to arches : a. Applications b. Internal forces

Analysis under uniformly distributed load under point loads Assessment

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uniformly2

Internal Forces Developed in Structural Members(Trusses)

A Glance

The Method of Joints

Example Determine the force in each member of the truss and indicate whether the members are in tension or compression.

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The Method of Joints

Solution Two unknown member forces at joint B One unknown reaction force at joint C Two unknown member forces and two unknown reaction forces at point A
Solution Joint B

The Method of Joints

Fx 0; 500 N FBC sin 45 N 0 FBC 707.1N (C ) Fy 0; FBC cos 45 N FBA 0 FBA 500 N (T )

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The University of Nottingham, Malaysia campus

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The Method of Joints

Solution Joint C
Fx 0; FCA 707.1cos 45 N 0 FCA 500 N (T ) Fy 0; C y 707.1sin 45 N 0 C y 500 N
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The Method of Joints

Solution Joint A

Fx 0; Ax 500 N Fy 0;

500 N Ax 0

500 N Ay 0 Ay 500 N
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The Method of Joints

Solution FBD of each pin shows the effect of all the connected members and external forces applied to the pin FBD of each member shows only the effect of the end pins on the member
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Cables

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Introduction
For long span structures (for e.g. in case bridges) engineers commonly use cable or arch construction due to their efficiency.

Introduction
Structures may be classified into rigid and deformable structures depending on change in geometry of the structure while supporting the load. Rigid structures support externally applied loads without appreciable change in their shape (geometry). Beams, trusses and frames are examples of rigid structures. Unlike rigid structures, deformable structures undergo changes in their shape according to externally applied loads. However, it should be noted that deformations are still small. Cables and fabric structures are deformable structures
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Introduction
.Cables

are mainly used to support suspension roofs, bridges and cable car system. They are also used in electrical transmission lines and for structures supporting radio antennas.

The shape assumed by a rope or a chain (with no stiffness) under the action of external loads when hung from two supports is known as a funicular shape. Cable is a funicular structure. It is easy to visualize that a cable hung from two supports subjected to external load must be in tension. A cable may be defined as the structure in pure tension having the funicular shape of the load.

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Cable subjected to Concentrated Loads

Cables are considered to be perfectly flexible (no flexural stiffness) and inextensible. As they are flexible they do not resist shear force and bending moment. It is subjected to axial tension only and it is always acting tangential to the cable at any point along the length. If the weight of the cable is negligible as compared with the externally applied loads then its self weight is neglected in the analysis. In the present analysis self weight is not considered. Take moment about hinge C

Example

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solution

solution

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solution

solution

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solution

Cables
Example Determine the tension in each segment of the cable.

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Cables
Solution FBD for the entire cable
Solution
Fx 0; Ax E x 0

Cables

M E 0; Ay (18m) 4kN (15m) 15kN (10m) 3kn(2m) 0 Ay 12kN Fy 0; 12kN 4kN 15kN 3kN E y 0 E y 10kN
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Cables
Solution Consider leftmost section which cuts cable BC since sag yC = 12m

Cables
Solution M C 0; Ax (12m) 12kN (8m) 4kN (5m) 0

Ax E x 6.33kN Fx 0; TBC cos BC 6.33kN 0 Fy 0; 12kN 4kN TBC sin BC 0

BC 51.6 , TBC 10.2kN

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Cables
Solution Consider point A, C and E,
Solution Point A Fx 0;

Cables

TAB cos AB 6.33kN 0 Fy 0; TAB sin AB 12kN 0

AB 62.2
TAB 13.6kN
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Cables
Solution Point C Fx 0; Solution Point E Fx 0;

Cables

TCD cos CD 10.2 cos 51.6 kN 0 Fy 0; TCD sin CD 10.2 sin 51.6 kN 15kN 0

6.33kN TED cos ED 0 Fy 0; 10kN TED sin ED 0

CD 47.9
TCD 9.44kN
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ED 57.7
TED 11.8kN
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Food for Thought

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