EN 3052

Communications 2

Assignment 2

Digital Modulation

Wijesinghe D.M.P.
090579L

Question 2
(a)
T N=

1
20
20
=20T M = =
=4ms
BN
B c 5 kHz

(b)
B=
(c)
B=

N ( 1++) 256(1+1.5+0.2)
=
=172.8 kHz
TN
4103
N ++ 256+1.5+0.2
=
=64.425 kHz
TN
4103

Total bandwidth using overlapping carriers is less than half of the non-overlapping bandwidth.

Question 5
(a)
First row of Q,
Q=[11 . . .1]

[] []

1
T
HQ (1, :) =H .. = h i
.. i=0
1

1
1
..
..
1

First row of Q is an eigenvector of H, and 0= hi .

i=0

(b)
2
Second row of Q = 1 N N .. ..

NN 1

1
N

2N
= h i iN Q(2,:)T
..
i=0
..
NN 1

[] []

1
N

2N
T
HQ (2, :) =H
= hi iN
..
i=0
..
NN 1

i
Second row of Q is an eigenvector of H and 1= h i N
i=0

(c)
2 (k1)
kth row of Q = [1 k1
N
.. ..
N

HQ ( k ,:) = H

(N 1)(k 1)

[ ] [ ]
1
k1
N
2 (k1)
N
..
..

i (k1)

= hi N
i=0

(NN 1)(k 1 )

1
kN1

1 )
i(k 1 )
T
2(k
N
= hi N Q( k , :)
i =0
..
..

1)(k1)
(N
N

i(k 1 )
For all k, kth row of Q is an eigenvector of H with eigenvalue k = hi N
i =0

Question 7
(a)

[
[

0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.8
0.9
0.5
0.3
0
0
0
0
H=
0
0
0
0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3
(b)

0.8
0
0
0
H =
0
0.3
0.5
0.9

0.9
0.8
0
0
0
0
0.3
0.5

0.5
0.9
0.8
0
0
0
0
0.3

0.3
0.5
0.9
0.8
0
0
0
0

Eigenvalue decompision:

0
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.8
0
0
0

0
0
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.8
0
0

0
0
0
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.8
0

H
H =M M

0
0
0
0
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.8

8 8

8 11

To find the eigenvalue decompision the following Matlab command can be used.
>> H = [0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0
0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0 0 0
0 0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0 0
0 0 0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3 0
0 0 0 0 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.3
0.3 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.9 0.5
0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.8 0.9
0.9 0.5 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.8]
>> [V,D] =eig(H)
now M = V and = D
The vaules found for M and are tas follows.
>> V
V=
0.3536
0.3536
0.3536
0.3536
0.3536
0.3536
0.3536
0.3536

0.2500 - 0.2500i 0.2500 + 0.2500i -0.0000 + 0.3536i -0.0000 - 0.3536i 0.3536

-0.3536
-0.3536
0.3536
0.3536
-0.3536 - 0.0000i -0.3536 + 0.0000i -0.3536
0.2500 - 0.2500i 0.2500 + 0.2500i
0.2500 + 0.2500i 0.2500 - 0.2500i 0.0000 - 0.3536i 0.0000 + 0.3536i 0.3536
0.0000 + 0.3536i 0.0000 - 0.3536i
-0.0000 + 0.3536i -0.0000 - 0.3536i 0.3536 + 0.0000i 0.3536 - 0.0000i -0.3536
-0.2500 - 0.2500i -0.2500 + 0.2500i
-0.2500 + 0.2500i -0.2500 - 0.2500i -0.0000 + 0.3536i -0.0000 - 0.3536i 0.3536
0.3536 - 0.0000i 0.3536 + 0.0000i
-0.3536 + 0.0000i -0.3536 - 0.0000i -0.3536 + 0.0000i -0.3536 - 0.0000i -0.3536
-0.2500 + 0.2500i -0.2500 - 0.2500i
-0.2500 - 0.2500i -0.2500 + 0.2500i -0.0000 - 0.3536i -0.0000 + 0.3536i 0.3536
-0.0000 - 0.3536i -0.0000 + 0.3536i
0.0000 - 0.3536i 0.0000 + 0.3536i 0.3536
0.3536
-0.3536
0.2500 + 0.2500i 0.2500 - 0.2500i

>> D
D=
2.5000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
1.2243 + 1.3485i
0
0
0
0
1.2243 - 1.3485i
0
0
0
0
0.3000 + 0.6000i
0
0
0
0
0.3000 - 0.6000i
0
0
0
0
0.1000
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
0

0
0
0.3757 + 0.3485i
0
0
0.3757 - 0.3485i

(c)
The flat fading channel gains are the diagonal elements of matrix .
Channel

Flat Fading Channel Gain

2.5000

1.2243 + 1.3485i

1.2243 - 1.3485i

0.3000 + 0.6000i

0.3000 - 0.6000i

0.1000

0.3757 + 0.3485i

0.3757 - 0.3485i

Question 9
(a)
=5
overhead=

5
=
=0.0195
N 256

(b)

[ ][

][ ] [ ]

0
.. .. 0 x 255
y 255 1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 0
..
0 x 254
y 254 0 1 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.2 0
=
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.. +
.. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.2
y0
x5

255
254
..
..
0