Abby Jackson Period 6 36.

1 Notes: The Skeletal System The Skeleton Supports the body Protects internal organ Provides for movement Sores mineral reserves Provides a site for blood cell information Definition: Bones are a solid network of living cells and protein fibers that are surrounded by deposits of calcium salts Periosteum: a tough layer of connective tissue that surrounds the bone Haversian canals: a network of small tubes running through the compact one that contain blood vessels and nerves. Osteocytes: mature bone cells which are embedded in the bone matrix Osteoclasts: break down the bone Osteoblasts: produce bone Our bones are continuously remodeled through the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts Bone marrow: a soft tissue found in the cavities of bones 1. Yellow marrow: made up primarily of fat cells 2. Red marrow: produces red blood cells, some kinds of white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets. Cartilage: strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more flexible than bone Ossification: process of bone formation, during which cartilage is replaced by bone Joint: a place where one bone attaches to another bone Depending on its type of movement, a joint is classified as immovable, slightly movable, or freely movable Sometimes called fixed joints Allow no movement Bones are interlocked and are held

Structure of Bones

Development of Bones

Types of Joints

Immovable Joints

Slightly Movable Joints

Freely Movable Joints

Structure of Joints

Skeletal System Disorders

together by a connective tissue or they are fused Ex: places where bones meet in the skull Permit a small amount of restricted movement The bones are separated from each other Ex: joints between the 2 bones of the lower leg and the joints between adjacent vertebrae Permit movement in one or more directions Grouped according to the shapes of the surfaces of the adjacent bones Ball-and-socket joints: permit movement in many directions and allow the widest range of movement of any joint Hinge joints: permit back-and-forth motion (like the opening and closing of a door) Pivot joints: allow one bone to rotate around another Saddle Joints: permit one bone to slide in two directions The joint capsule consists of 2 layers: 1. One layer forms strips of tough connective tissue called ligaments, which hold bones together in a joint and are attached to the membranes that surround bones Excessive strain on a joint may produce inflammation, a response in which excess fluid causes swelling, pain, heat, and redness Inflammation of a bursa is called bursitis A more serious disorder is arthritis which is involves of the joint itself Because bone is living tissue, calcium is moved between it and the rest of the body to maintain homeostasis of this important mineral