1Semester Test Study Guide

Remember to review your old tests especially tests for chapters 1, 2, and 16 as well as
this study guide. The study guide is intended to assist you in organizing your study not
be a complete question bank for the semester test.

1. What is a scientific law?

2. A well-tested idea that explains and connects a wide range of observations is a

____________.

3. What happens when a scientific theory is contradicted by new evidence?

4. What are two reasons that following safe laboratory practices is a good idea?

5 What are the two main areas that physical science is divided into?

6. The variable that a scientist changes during an experiment is called .

7. A possible explanation for observations that relate to a scientific question is a .

8. Using all five senses to gather information is called .

9. The variable that is expected to change during an experiment is the .

10. A statement that describes a “rule of nature” is .

11. The study of matter, energy, and the changes that matter and energy undergo is .

13. What is a physical change?

14. What is a chemical change?

15. Name and describe the 4 states of matter.

16. The measurement of the amount of matter in a substance is .

17. The measurement of the amount of space an object occupies is .

18. The measurement of how much mass is contained in a given volume is .

19. The smallest particle of an element is a(n)

20. The force that holds two atoms together is a(n) .

21. A combination of two or more elements that are bonded together is a(n) .
22. A substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or
physical means is a(n) .

23. Each element has its own which is usually one or two letters.

24. Each compound is represented by a (n) , which shows the ratio of elements in
the compound.

25. A is made of two or more substances that are together but not
chemically combined into a new substance.

26. A mixture is one in which the particles are not evenly distributed.

27. A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the particles are

evenly distributed.

28. Name the three subatomic particles that make-up an atom. What are there respective
charges? Where is each located?

29. The number of protons in an atom is called the .

30. Why is an atom neutral?

31. Most of the atom’s mass is located in the .

32. What are the electrons farthest from the nucleus called?

33. Which subatomic particle moves between atoms when a chemical bond is formed?

34. Circle the letter of each sentence about atoms that is true.
A. Atoms of a particular element can have different numbers of neutrons.
B. Atoms of a particular element always have the same number of protons.
C. The mass of atoms of a particular element can vary.
D. Neutrons play an important role in the formation of compounds.

35. What are two ways in which valence electrons move between atoms?

36. A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products is called?

37. The materials at the beginning of a chemical reaction are called .

38. A chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to make a new
compound are called .

39. The substances formed as the result of a chemical reaction are called .
40. A way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is a(n) .

41. A number placed in front of a chemical formula in an equation is called a(n) .

42. A number written smaller and lower than the letter symbols in a chemical formula
and that shows the number of atoms of a substance are in a molecule is called .

43. In a balanced chemical equation, both sides should have the same .

44. If a reaction absorbs energy, it is called a(n) .

45. In a chemical reaction, the sum of the masses of the products is equal to the sum of
the .

46. A reaction that releases energy is called .

47. A substance that takes the shape and volume of its container is a .

48. Where are nonmetals located on the periodic table?

49. Where are the most reactive metals located on the periodic table?

50. Elements in the same group of the periodic table share characteristics because they
have the same .

51. Bromine has an atomic # of 35, from this information you know that bromine atoms
have .

52. A(n) has a definite shape and volume because its particles are packed
tightly together
and stay in fixed positions.

53. A(n) Is a substance made of two or more elements chemically combined

in a specific ratio.

54. A horizontal row on the periodic table is called a(n) .

1. Name the following compounds.

Na2S H2S

PbO CuCl2

Mg(OH)2 CaO2
2. Write formulas for the following compounds.

Lithium fluoride Magnesium Chloride

Ammonium Cyanide Cobalt(II) Chloride

Lead(IV) Hydroxide potassium iodide

Balance the following equations

AgNO3 (aq)+ KBr(aq) --------> AgBr (cr) + KNO3 (aq)

Cu(NO3)2(aq) + Mg(cr) --------> Mg(NO3)2(aq) + Cu(cr)