FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND PERCENTAGE:

Type of data: categorical Example ; gender , marital status, age group, income group etc. STEPS IN SPSS: 1)Analyse 2)Discriptive 3)Frequency 4)Select the variables 5)Charts 6)Select the appropriate chart 7)Ok

Statistics gender N Valid Missing 8 1 marital status 8 1 Agegroup 8 1

gender Cumulative Frequency Valid male female Total Missing Total System 5 3 8 1 9 Percent 55.6 33.3 88.9 11.1 100.0 Valid Percent 62.5 37.5 100.0 Percent 62.5 100.0

marital status Cumulative Frequency Valid Y N Total Missing Total System 4 4 8 1 9 Percent 44.4 44.4 88.9 11.1 100.0 Valid Percent 50.0 50.0 100.0 Percent 50.0 100.0

Agegroup Cumulative Frequency Valid 20-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 Total Missing Total System 2 3 2 1 8 1 9 Percent 22.2 33.3 22.2 11.1 88.9 11.1 100.0 Valid Percent 25.0 37.5 25.0 12.5 100.0 Percent 25.0 62.5 87.5 100.0

MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION:

Type of data: Numerical Example ; age, height, weight, etc Hypothesis : no
STEPS IN SPSS:

1) Analyse 2) Descriptive 3) Descriptive statistics 4) Select the variables 5) Options 6) Select mean and standard deviation 7) Ok

Descriptive Statistics N age height weight Valid N (listwise) 10 10 9 9 Minimum 11.00 3.00 33.00 Maximum 26.00 6.00 68.00 Mean 18.1000 4.5000 48.2222 Std. Deviation 6.10009 .84984 15.69855

ONE SAMPLE T TEST:

Type of data: Numerical Example; A manager has made an expert claim stating that the average of his customer in 32yrs. He has had group of MBA students from IMSR and asked them to survey around 50 customers around IMSR to validate his claim.

Hypothesis: H0 =32yrs H132 yrs

STEPS IN SPSS:

1) Analyse 2) Compare means 3) One sample T test 4) Select the variables 5) Enter the values referring to H0 statement 6) Ok. Note for interpretation: If the values for significance given by the software is more then 0.5 we accept HO and reject H1 and viceversa

TWO SAMPLE T TEST:

Type of data: one numerical variable and one categorical variable with only two options Example; The director wants to ascertain whether students attendance has any influence on performance based on his experience , he feels that it does has influence. He has collected the students attendance record in no.of days for 10 students who have pass the examination and 10 students who have failed the exams. Solution; Variables involved in the study are1). No.of days attended.2) whether passed or failed. Hypothesis: HO P=F H1 PF
STEPS IN SPSS:

1) Analyse 2) Compare means 3) Independent sample T test 4) Select numerical variable as the test variable 5) Select the categorical variable as the grouping variable 6) Define group as 1 and 2.

Group Statistics success Attendance pass Fail N 12 8 Mean 65.7500 78.2500 Std. Deviation 13.56550 14.72364 Std. Error Mean 3.91602 5.20559

Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

F att Equal variances assumed en de nc e Equal variances not assumed .006

Sig. .939

t -1.952

df 18

Sig. (2-tailed)

.067

-1.919

14.259

.075

ONE WAY ANNOVA:

Type of data: one numerical and one categorical variable with more then two options Example; numerical variable-salary Categorical variable-satisfaction a) Not at all satisfied b) Somewhat satisfied c) Satisfied d) Highly satisfied Hypothesis: HO nas= ss= s= hs H1 nas ss s hs
STEPS IN SPSS:

1) Anaylse 2) Compare means 3) One way annova 4) Select the numerical variables as options 5) Descriptive 6) Continue 7) Ok.

Descriptives Salary 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N nas ss s hs Total 3 1 2 3 9 Mean 8.6667 11.0000 17.0000 30.3333 18.0000 Std. Deviation 3.51188 . 5.65685 4.72582 10.42833 Std. Error 2.02759 . 4.00000 2.72845 3.47611 Lower Bound -.0573 . -33.8248 18.5938 9.9841 Upper Bound 17.3907 . 67.8248 42.0729 26.0159 Minimum 5.00 11.00 13.00 25.00 5.00 Maximum 12.00 11.00 21.00 34.00 34.00

ANOVA Salary Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 768.667 101.333 870.000 df 3 5 8 Mean Square 256.222 20.267 F 12.643 Sig. .009

CHI-SQUARE:
Type of data: two categorical variable Example ; age group, brand preference Hypothesis: H0 P1=P2=P3=P4 H1 P1P2P3P4
STEPS IN SPSS :

1) Analyse 2) Descriptive 3) Cross tab 4) Select one variable as row and other as column 5) Select chi square 6) Continue 7) Statistics 8) Ok

REGRESSION CORRELATION:
Type of data: one numerical dependent variable and n independent numerical variable Example; the company wants to investigate the relationship between following variables a) Sale b) Advt.expenses c) No.of sales person d) No.of dealers The company has collected data for last 10 years . help the company with following variables. Hypothesis: HO R^2=0 H1 R^20

STEPS IN SPSS:

1) Analyse 2) Regression 3) Linear 4) Select dependent variable and independent variable 5) ok

Variables Entered/Removed Variables Model 1 Entered no.ofdelears, no.ofsalesperson , advtexp

a

Variables Removed Method

. Enter

a. All requested variables entered. b. Dependent Variable: sales

Model Summary Adjusted R Model 1 R .387

a

Std. Error of the Estimate 11.47536

R Square .149

Square -.276

a. Predictors: (Constant), no.ofdelears, no.ofsalesperson, advtexp

ANOVA

Model 1 Regression Residual Total

Sum of Squares 138.797 790.103 928.900

df 3 6 9

Mean Square 46.266 131.684

F .351

Sig. .790
a

a. Predictors: (Constant), no.ofdelears, no.ofsalesperson, advtexp b. Dependent Variable: sales

Coefficients

Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1 (Constant) Advtexp no.ofsalesperson no.ofdelears a. Dependent Variable: sales B 24.679 .019 .487 -4.458 Std. Error 15.119 3.731 2.156 4.410 .002 .091 -.384 Coefficients Beta t 1.632 .005 .226 -1.011 Sig. .154 .996 .829 .351

PEARSON CORRELATION:
Type of data: n numerical independent variable only Example ; the marketing manager of two wheeler co.wants to study the relationship between the factors that influence the customers purchase decisions. He has used the following variables price, milage, maintenance cost, technology, engine cc, colour, and dealer. You are required to use suitable test and propose recommendation to the manager.

STEPS IN SPSS:

1) analyse 2) correlate

3) bivariate 4) select all the variables 5) ok 6)

Correlations maintainancecos price Price Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Maintainancecost Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N Dealer Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed) N *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). 10 -.477 .163 10 -.619 .056 10 10 .639
*

t 1 -.477 .163 10 1

dealer -.619 .056 10 .639

*

.047 10 1

.047 10 10

FACTOR ANALYSIS: Type of data: n numerical independent variables Example ; the marketing manager of two wheeler co.wants to study the relationship between the factors that influence the customers purchase decisions. He has used the following variables price, milage, maintenance cost, technology, engine cc, colour, and dealer. You are required to use suitable test and propose recommendation to the manager. STEPS IN SPSS: 1) Analyse 2) Dimension reduction

3) Factor 4) Select all the variable under study 5) Rotation 6) Varimax 7) Extraction 8) Principle component analysis 9)
Communalities Initial Price Maintainancecost Dealer Enginecc Color 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 Extraction .914 .750 .744 .389 .925

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Component 1 Price Maintainancecost Dealer Enginecc Color -.870 .848 .860 -.551 .333 2 .397 .175 .067 .292 .903

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. a. 2 components extracted.

a

Rotated Component Matrix

Component

1 Price Maintainancecost Dealer Enginecc Color .954 -.732 -.781 .619 .006

2 .065 .462 .365 .079 .962

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization. a. Rotation converged in 3 iterations.

Component Transformation Matrix Compo nent 1 2 1 -.936 .352 2 .352 .936

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

SUBMITTED BY : GURUMOORTHI BHAT MBA11002019