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PATHOLOGY BOARD EXAMINATION Instructions: Choose the best answer.1. A 50-year old man has blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. If this person remainsuntreated foryears, which of the following c ellular alterations will be seen in the myocardium?A. atrophyB. metaplasiaC. hyp ertrophyD. dysplasiaAnswer: CReference: RPBD 7 th p.72. On day 28 of her menstrual cycle, a 26-year old woman experiences menstrua lbleedingwhich lasts for 5 days. She has had regular cycles for many years. Whic h of thefollowingprocesses is most likely occurring in the endometrium just befo re onset of bleeding?A. apoptosisB. heterophagocytosisC. liquefactive necrosisD. hyperplasiaAnswer: AReference: RPBD 7th p.26-273. At autopsy, a 60-year old man has an enlarged (2500 g) liver with yellow cutsurface. Beforedeath, his total s erum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were normal, but he haddecreasedserum a lbumin concentration and prolonged prothrombin time. Which of thefollowingactivi ties most likely lead to these findings?A. playing golf B. cigarette smokingC. d rinking ginD. aspirin ingestionAnswer: CReference: RPBD 7th p.35-364. A 70-year old woman suddenly lost consciousness and on awakening one hourlater, shecould n ot speak nor move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head MRIshowed alar ge cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologicproce sses hasmost likely occurred in the brain?A. karyolysisB. fat necrosisC. apoptos isD. liquefactive necrosisAnswer: DReference: RPBD 7th p.226. A 21-year old woma n complains of pain during menses (dysmenorrhea). To treatthissymptom, she was a dvised to take indomethacin. This drug may help reduce herpainbecause it interfe res with the production of which one of the followingsubstances?A. bradykininB. histamineC. leukotrienesD. estrogenAnswer: AReference: RPBD 7 th p.657. What type of leukocyte actively participates in acute inflammatory proces ses andcontains 1

myeloperoxidase within its primary (azurophilic) granules and alkalinephosphates in itssecondary (specific) granules?A. lymphocytesB. neutrophilsC. eosinophilsD . monocytesAnswer: BReference: RPBD 7 th p.738. A 3-year old child touches a lit candle. Within several hours, there is m arkederythema of theskin of the fingers on the child s left hand, and small blisters appear on the fingerpads.Which of the following terms best describe the process ?A. fibrinous inflammationB. ulcerationC. abscess formationD. serous inflammatio nAnswer: DReference: RPBD 7 th p.769. A woman who is allergic to cats visits a friend who keeps several pet cat s. Duringthe visit,she inhales cat dander and within minutes, she develops nasal congestion andabundantnasal secretions. Which of the following substances is mo st likely to producethese findings?A. tumor necrosis factorB. bradykininC. hista mineD. complement C5aAnswer: CReference: RPBD 7 th p.6310. After receiving incompatible blood, a patient develops a transfusion rea ction inthe form of back pain, fever, shortness of breath and hematuria. Which o f the followingstatementsbest classifies this type of immunologic reaction?A. sy stemic anaphylactic reactionB. complement-mediated cytotoxicity reactionC. syste mic immune complex reactionD. delayed type hypersensitivity reactionAnswer: BRef erence: RPBD 7 th p.21012. A patient presents with a large wound on the left leg as a result of a vehicularaccident.Initially his wound is filled with granulation tissue, which i s composed of proliferatingfibroblasts and new blood vessels (angiogenesis). Whi ch of the following is agrowthfactor that is capable of inducing all the steps n ecessary for angiogenesis?A. vascular endothelial growth factorB. platelet-deriv ed growth factorC. epidermal growth factorD. transforming growth factorAnswer: A Reference: RPBD 7 th p.9513. A 16-year old patient has lacerations on his hand which required sutures . Thesutureswere removed after 10 days. Wound healing continued but the site was disfigured by aprominent, raised nodular scar which developed over the next 2 mo nths. Whichof the

following terms best describes the process that occurred within this 2-monthperi od?A. organizationB. resolutionC. keloid formationD. dehiscenceAnswer: CReferenc e: RPBD 7 th p.11414. A 17-year old woman receiving corticosteroid therapy for an autoimmuned isease has anabscess on her upper outer left arm. She undergoes a drainage proce dure butthe woundheals poorly over the next month. Which of the following aspect s of woundhealing is mostlikely to be deficient in this patient?A. neutrophil in filtrationB. collagen depositionC. re-epithelializationD. fibroblast elaboration Answer: BReference: RPBD 7 th p.11415. Which of the following changes best describes the pathophysiology invol ved intheproduction of pulmonary edema in patients with congestive heart failure ?A. widespread endothelial damageB. decreased plasma oncotic pressureC. acute ly mphatic obstructionD. increased hydrostatic pressureAnswer: DReference: RPBD 7 th p.12216. A 23-year old medical student develops a red face after being asked aquestion during alecture. Which of the following statements best describes the vascular reaction?A. active hyperemiaB. petechial hemorrhageC. allergic reactionD. passiv e congestionAnswer: AReference: RPBD 7 th p.12217. While preparing her lunch, a housewife nicks her finger with a knife. S econdsafter theinjury, the bleeding stops. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely toreduceblood loss from a small dermal arteriole?A. protein C activa tionB. vasoconstrictionC. neutrophil chemotaxisD. platelet aggregationAnswer: BR eference: RPBD 7 th p.12418. A 26-year old rock climber fractures his left femur after falling from a height of 20 meters.He was hospitalized and over the next several days develop s progressiverespiratoryproblems. He died three days later. At the time of autop sy, oil red-O positivematerial

isseen in the small blood vessels of the lungs and brain. Which of the following isthe mostlikely diagnosis?A. air emboliB. padoxical emboliC. fat emboliD. sadd le emboliAnswer: CReference: RPBD 7 th p.136 3

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