AN OVERVIEW OF RUPAYAN HOUSING ESTATE LIMITED INCLUDING SAFETY AND SECURITY ISSUES OF BUILDING BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE

An Internship Report by

Shafi Uddin Ahmed Examination Roll Number: 002 Registration Number: 00661 Session: 2004-2005 Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Major in Finance and Banking

FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602. Telephone: 04427-56014, 01716287109 Fax: 04427-56009, E-mail: deanbam_pstu@yahoo.com www.pstu.ac.bd

CERTIFICATE OF THE SUPERVISOR

It is our pleasure to certify that, Shafi Uddin Ahmed, student of Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA), Faculty of Business Administration and Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602; has been completed the Internship Program at Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. on " An Overview of Rupayan housing estate limited including safety and security issues of building-Bangladesh perspective successfully with acceptable performance under my supervision from December 27, 2009 to April 04, 2010.

I wish his success in life.

Table of contents

Letter of Submission Supervisors Certificate Acknowledgements Executive Summary Chapter: 01 Introduction 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Objective of the Study 1.3 Coverage of the Study 1.4 Methodology of the Study 1.5 Limitations Chapter: 02 Organizational Overview of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. 2.0 About Us 2.1 Company Profile 2.2 Our Mission 2.3 Our Philosophy 2.4 Our Practice 2.5 Property search agents 2.6 Management Hierarchy 2.7 Sister Concern of Rupayan Group

I II III IV

2 3 4 5 5 6

9 9 10 10 10 10 11 13

Chapter: 03 Safety and Security in Office Building & Residential Building Abstract 16

Office Safety 3.0 Abnormal Event 3.1 Office-Related Illness and Injury 3.2 Workstation Ergonomics 3.3 Indoor air quality & Ventilation Design 3.4 Office Electrical Safety 3.5 Office Fire Prevention Strategies Office Building Security 3.6 How Likely a Target Is Your Building? 3.7 Security Risk Assessment 3.8 Access Control 3.9 Attacking the Building 3.10 Emergency Planning 3.11 Fire Safety on the Job Office Fires 3.12 Employees should 3.13 If fire strikes 3.14 Safety Code of Government 3.15 Responsibilities of Architects to prevent Home Accident 3.16 Measures Taken by Rupayan group 3.17 Govt.Regulation Vs Rupayan

17 17 17 18 19 23 26 30 30 31 32 33 34 34 36 36 38 48 48 50

REHAB at a Glance 4.0 Welcome to REHAB 4.1 REHAB at a Glance 4.2 Formation of REHAB 4.3 Present Performance of REHAB 4.4 Membership Criteria 4.5 Marketing Strategy of Real State Sector Chapter: 05 Rupayan Projects 5.1 Rupayan Project & Picture Gallery 5.2 Land Valuation in the Dhaka City (Government Rate) 60 72 53 54 55 55 56 57

5.3 Home Loan Facilities 5.4 Value Addition Principles 5.5 Some Specialist of Real State Sector Chapter: 06 Conclusion & Recommendation 6.1 SWOT Analysis 6.2 Findings 6.3 Recommendation 6.4 Conclusions 6.5 Bibliography

73 75 77

80 83 84 85 85

Acknowledgements

This report is the outcome of the extension of help, advice and suggestion of a number of people without which it would remain incomplete.

At first I want to express my gratitude to Almighty Allah for giving me the strength and the composure to finish the task within the scheduled time. Then I am very grateful to the Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. for providing me the opportunity to complete my internship program.

I received cordial co-operation from the officers and members of staffs of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. Corporate Office, Rupayan Center (9th Floor) 2, Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka and the teachers and staffs of the BBA Program, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602. I want to express my cordial gratitude to them for their cooperation without which it would not be possible to complete the report.

My sincere gratitude goes to my honorable internship supervisor, Mr. .., Adjunct Faculty, Department of Finance and Banking, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, without his support and encouragement this report would not be possible. I am really thankful to Muzahidul Islam, Architechture, Rupayan Housingh Estate Ltd. Giving me the excellent opportunity to do my practical orientation in his site. I would like to thank Mr. Humayun Kabir, AVP, for his continuous guidance to complete the same in an effective manner. I also like to thank all of the officials of due to their kind and helpful co-operation with me. All the people have been kind enough to take the time off their busy schedule and help me in collecting the necessary information.

I am truly grateful to all of them.

Executive Summary

Rupayan Housing Estate Limited has come into being in 1999 with a pledge to fulfill the housing need of this populous city of Dhaka. The first Residential Project named Rupayan Easel Dream comprising 108 Apartments in four eight storied building was successfully completed and handed over to the honourable clients with their entire satisfaction. Since then, the company continued its advancement in development works and expanded the projects in all prime locations like Uttara, Gulshan, Banani, Niketon, Eskaton, Paltan, Shantinagar, Moghbazar, Dhanmondi, Laxmibazar, Wari, Mohakhali etc. Both Residential and

Commercial Projects were undertaken and completed successfully and handed over accordingly and the company is in force with numbers of ongoing projects.

The company is operating its business in its own high rise Corporate Office at Rupayan Centre, Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka. The prestigious commercial building like Faruque Rupayan Tower at Banani, Rupayan Golden Age at Gulshan avenue and well decorated and magnificent residential building with panoramic views at Gulshan, Dhanmondi and other prime locations of the Dhaka City earned name and fame for the company.

Rupayan believes in the concept of extending housing facilities to the common people of the country keeping in view of their limited income. It is first ever in Bangladesh that Rupayan has undertaken a satellite township project for the low income group at Bhuighar, Narayangonj. Twenty-eight residential buildings along with a market are being completed over there.

There is a plan that tentative clients will be illegible to avail the apartment in this project after booking and availing Bank Loan facility and thereby the scope of making repayment of bank loan with the amount of House Rent is nearly possible. This opportunity will make the dream true of becoming the apartment owner in case of those categories of clients. Rupayan has got housing project in nearby Savar region (Ashulia and Hemayetpur areas).

Rupayan Housing Estate Limited feels social responsibilities to serve the people with quality and commitment. With this end in view the company is working with a dynamic set of management personnel and skilled work force. We look forward to see a better future.

Chapter: 01 Introduction

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study 1.2 Objective of the Study 1.3 Coverage of the Study 1.4 Methodology of the Study 1.5 limitations

1.0 Introduction

Urbanization is an outcome of both population growth and rural-urban migration. As urbanization increases, more and more people are becoming city dwellers. Bangladesh is not any exception to that picture. The ever-increasing urban population is catering an increasing demand for shelter. The right of shelter is a fundamental right, which is ensured by both UN declaration and the constitution of Bangladesh. But it is very difficult on the part of the government of Bangladesh alone to ensure housing for all. Here comes the need of private sector real estate development.

It is a recognized fact that the health of the Real Estate Development Sector is the barometer of the National economy. In Bangladesh Real Estate Business started in Dhaka in late seventies. During 1970s there were fewer than 5 companies engaged in this business. In 1988 there were 42 such developers working in Dhaka and now in 2004 there are about 250 companies engaged in this sector.

1.1 Background of the Study:

Any academic course of the study has a great value when it has practical application in the real life only a lot of theoretical knowledge will be little important unless it is applicable in the practical life. So we need proper application of our knowledge to get some benefit from our theoretical knowledge to make it more fruitful when we engage ourselves in such field to make proper use of our theoretical knowledge in our practical life. Only then we come to know about the benefit of the theoretical knowledge. Such an application is made possible through internship. When theoretical knowledge is obtained from a course of study it is only the half way of the subject matter. Internship implies the full application of the methods and procedures through rich acquired knowledge of subject matter can be fruitfully applied in our daily life. Such a procedure of practical application is known as internship. The report is titled An overview of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. and Safety & Security issues of Building As a student of Finance this study will be more significant in my practical life. I have worked at Rupayan Center, Bonani complete the internship program for gathering practical knowledge.

1.2 Objective of the Study:

The objective of the study is to gather practical knowledge regarding banking system and operations. Theory classes of BBA provide us theories regarding banking system and practical orientation gives us the chance to view those systems and their operations. More precisely we can identify those objectives as follows:

To fulfill the practical requirements of BBA program. To gather practical knowledge about real estate sectors of Bangladesh. To present an overview of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd.

To evaluate performance of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. To understand the project evaluation technique of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. To identify the actual position of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. in this sector. To identify problems in the Housing Estate business. To recommend suggestions for the successful operations of the Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. To identify the apartment industry growth rate in terms of competitors entry in the industry. To identify most important facilities/utilities preferred by the customers. To identify the existing customers profile in various zones. To observe the promotional activities of an established company, like Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. This report will show us how to implement a comprehensive home and office safety plan.

1.3 Coverage of the Study: In this report, Three major areas of Rupayan Group Ltd. have been covered which are:

Brief review about Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. Highlight the different projects of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. Safety & Security issues of building.

1.4 Methodology of the Study: For smooth and accurate study everyone has to follow some rules and regulation. The study impute were collected from two sources.

Primary Sources: Face to Face conversation with the respective officers and staffs. Interviewing officers and staffs. Sharing practical knowledge of officials. Relevant file study provided by the officers concerned. In-depth study of selected cases. Secondary Sources: Annual Report of the Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. Audit Reports Website Relevant books, Research papers, Newspapers and Journals. Internet and various study selected reports. Real Estate &Housing Association of Bangladesh. Different guideline of Head Office, Rupayan Group Ltd.

1.5 Limitations:

I had to face many different problems while preparing this internship report. At the same time I tried to make an adjustment with those problems.

Those problems are as follows:

It was very difficult to collect the information from various personnel for the job constrain. REHAB policy was not disclosing some data and information for various reasons. The department people always remain busy due to lack of supporting employees so they could not dedicate their full efforts. Because of the limitation of information availability some assumptions were made. So there may be some personal mistakes in this report. The time fourteen weeks is not sufficient enough to know all activities of the branch to prepare the report. I had no opportunity to verify the satisfaction level of clients and receive their suggestions in real estate sector. All the concerned personnel of the Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. have not been interviewed. Lack of in-depth knowledge and analytical ability for writing such report. Lack of experience. Inadequacy and lack of availability of required Current data.

Chapter: 02 Organizational Overview of Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd.

2.0 About Us 2.1Company Profile 2.2 Our Mission 2.3 Our Philosophy 2.4 Our Practice 2.5 Property Search Agents 2.6 Management Hierarchy 2.7 Sister Concern of Rupayan Group

2.0 About Us

Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. is a company with a new vision, committed to delivering above par construction in all our projects. Our team at Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. brings together experience and

expertise from all parts of Bangladesh as well as in-depth knowledge of local building needs. We have a diverse portfolio in the real estate business including residential/commercial building construction, resort development, as well as marketing plots for investment or construction purposes.

2.1 Company Profile

Company Name Corporate Address

: Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd. : Rupayan Center(9th Floor), 2,Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka

Date of Incorporation Project Completion Office Space Shop Project on going Project upcoming Estimate growth rate Employees (Rupayan Group) Member Membership No. Web E-mail

: 19th April, 1998 : Apartment: 1550 : 3,16,460 Sft. (approx) : 162 : 27 : 15 : 100% : 920 : REHAB : 149/2003 : www.rupayangroup.com : rupayan@onenetbd.com

2.2 Our Mission

Our mission is to customize our work to each individual client. When we know your mission, we will work diligently to provide you with the best results possible in the least amount of time.

2.3 Our Philosophy

Our philosophy is based on three primary values: Honesty, Professionalism, and Quality Customer Service. We build long-term relationships with our clients, who always come first.

2.4 Our Practice

Our work is client-driven. We recognize that each and every client has his or her own needs and expectations. With Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd., you are not a number or a deal, you are the key partner in the apartment search and sale process. We work hard to learn what your particular expectations are. Because we care, we will work to satisfy all of your most important needs as best possible. We know that buying or selling an apartment can be an intense experience, and keeping this in mind, we work with you to best manage your time, energy, and money

2.5 Property search agents

Property search agents act solely on your behalf and can support you on all aspects of relocation, including finding suitable houses for sale, negotiating property prices and managing the entire buying process. Use our site and find a leading property finder to help you locate property, flats, houses and homes for sale.

2.6 Management Hierarchy: Rupayan Housing Estate Ltd.

Department

Management

Construction

Marketing

HR & Admin

Bill

Accounts

Chairman

Director Construction

GM

AGM

Manager

Deputy

Manager Sr.Executive (Tran) APM

MD GM Manager

Manager Executive Executive

Sr. Executive

Chief Advisor

Deputy Director

Sr.GM Asst.manager Asst.Manager

Senior Executive (4)

Executive DGM-1 DGM-2 DGM-3 Asst. Manager Coordinator PM Sr.Executive (5) Project Coordinator Executive Executive Executive Executive (4) AM

Jr.Executive

Jr.Executive

Figure: Management Hierarchy

Department

Customer Care

Land

Media

Audit Tax & Vat

Finance

QC

IT

Legal

Manager Manager

Asst.

Manager Manager Manager

Sr.GM Manager Manager

Sr. Executive

Law offic er

Executive (2)

Asst. Law officer

Main.Eng

Department

Cost & Budget

Regulatory Purchase Utility Registration Affairs Deputy Sr. Executive Manager Executive (2) Manager

CR

Electrical

Design Estimate Sec.

Executive Asst. Manager

Manager Sr. Architect Sr. Sr. Estimator

DGM

Executive (2)

APM Contracting

Coordinator Asst. Eng.

Sr. Executive (2) Asst. Manager Executive(6)

Sr. Executive (2)

Executive

Figure: Management Hierarchy

Chapter: 03 Safety and Security in Office Building & Residential Building

Abstract

Office Safety:

3.0 Abnormal Event 3.1 Office-Related Illness and Injury 3.2 Workstation Ergonomics 3.3 Indoor air quality & Ventilation Design 3.4 Office Electrical Safety 3.5 Office Fire Prevention Strategies

Office Building Security:

3.6 How Likely a Target Is Your Building? 3.7 Security Risk Assessment 3.8 Access Control 3.9 Attacking the Building 3.10 Emergency Planning 3.11 Fire Safety on the Job Office Fires 3.12 Employees should 3.13 If fire strikes 3.14 Safety Code of Government 3.15 Responsibilities of Architects to prevent Home Accident 3.16 Measures Taken by Rupayan group 3.17 Govt.Regulation Vs Rupayan

Abstract

The office building performs many complex functions that present the opportunity for many different types of unsafe events. These events can range from potentially life-threatening emergencies, such as a fire or explosion, to relatively minor incidents, such as a non-life- threatening occupational injury or illness. Generally the Office buildings Safety charged with ensuring all members of the Office faculty with surrounding community including with staff and visitors live and work (perform) in a hazard free environment. Safety issues are included with several distinct categories of regulatory compliance and risk management: In a commercial building, security risks come from both outsiders and building and tenant employees, and may include murder, robbery, assault, theft, fraud, commercial espionage, arson, vandalism, bomb threats, workplace violence and (displaced) domestic violence, plus sabotage. The heavy concentration of people and property, coupled increasingly with open floor plans, make modern office buildings susceptible to these type threats. Plus, the always-present risks off fire, explosion, and natural disasters have to be considered in building design and construction. The first and most important step in a successful safety and security program is public awareness. Safety and security in case of office building staff, employees and workers should familiar and trained up with evacuation process followed by emergency planning. The goal for architects and design professionals: Minimizing fortress design and target hardening, except where required after thorough analysis and study. The design professional must address the issue of how architectural design features and approaches can enhance security without intruding objectionable aesthetics and functionality of the building. Key word: life-threat, explosion, Safety issue, security risk, evacuate.

Office Safety:

The office building performs many complex functions that present the opportunity for many different types of abnormal events. These events can range from potentially life-threatening emergencies, such as a fire or explosion, to relatively minor incidents, such as a non-life-threatening occupational injury or illness. 3.0 Abnormal Event A real-time event that adversely affects workers, the public, property, or the environment Fire / explosion; Radiological or hazardous material spill; Loss of process ventilation that results in a spread of radiological or hazardous contamination; Natural phenomena (flooding, severe weather, forest fire); Damage caused by fire, contaminated personal clothing,

3.1 Office-Related Illness and Injury

Hazards such as slippery floors or an open file drawer, poor lighting, noise, poorly designed furniture, and equipment and machines that emit gases and vapors when properly maintained. Even the nature of office work itself has produced stress-related symptoms and musculoskeletal strains The leading types of disabling accidents that occur within the office are the result of falls, strains and overexertions, falling objects, striking against objects, and being caught in or between objects. Be sure the pathway is clear before you walk. Close drawers completely after every use. Avoid excessive bending, twisting, and leaning backward while seated. Secure electrical cords and wires away from walkways.

Always use a stepladder for overhead reaching. Chairs should never be used as ladders. Clean up spills immediately. Pick up objects co-workers may have left on the floor. Never carry anything that obscures your vision. Wear stable shoes with non-slip soles. Material Storage The following are good storage practices: Boxes, papers, and other materials should not be stored on top of lockers or file cabinets because they can cause landslide problems. Boxes and cartons should all be of uniform size in any pile or stack. Always stack material in such a way that it will not fall over. Store heavy objects on lower shelves. Try to store materials inside cabinets, files, and lockers. Office equipment such as typewriters, index files, lights or calculators should not be placed on the edges of a desk, filing cabinet, or table. Aisles, corners, and passageways must remain unobstructed. There should be no stacking of materials in these areas. Storage areas should be designated and used only for that purpose. Store heavy materials so you do not have to reach across something to retrieve them. Fire equipment, extinguishers, fire door exits, and sprinkler heads should remain unobstructed. Materials should be at least 18 inches minimum away from sprinkler heads.

3.2 Workstation Ergonomics Ergonomics means fitting the workplace to the workers by modifying or redesigning the job, workstation, tool or environment. Workstation design can have a big impact on office workers health and well-being. Workstation Ergonomics should associated with Design of the workstation Nature of the task Repetitiveness of the job Degree of postural constraint Work pace Work/rest schedules Personal attributes of individual workers The key to comfort is in maintaining the body in a relaxed, neutral position. The ideal work position is to have the arms hanging relaxed from the shoulders. If a keyboard is used, arms should be bent at right angles at the elbow, with the hands held in a straight line with forearms and elbows close to the body. The head should be in lined with the body and slightly forward.

3.3 Indoor air quality & Ventilation Design

Air enters office buildings or spaces through both mechanical ventilation systems as well as naturally through leaks around windows, doors, etc. Newer, larger buildings which are highly energy efficient due to sealed windows and heavy insulation primarily depend on mechanical ventilation. Older, small, and low occupancy office buildings can be adequately ventilated through natural sources which include air leakage

through opened windows and doors, as well as through cracks in the windows and walls, and other openings. In a modern office building, the heating ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) is designed to keep occupants comfortable and healthy by controlling the amount of outside air that is added to the building atmosphere, filtering both incoming and recalculated air to remove particulates and controlling the temperature. The HVAC system includes all heating, cooling, and ventilation equipment serving a building: furnaces or boilers, chillers, cooling towers, air handling units, exhaust fans, ductwork, filters, steam (or heating water) piping. A ventilation system consists of a blower to move the air, ductwork to deliver air to the room, and vents to distribute the air. A good ventilation design will distribute supply air uniformly to each area and especially areas with office machines. An effectively designed area will not have the supply and exhaust vent too close together because fresh air may be removed before it is adequately distributed throughout the area. Exhaust fans are often located a significant distance away from supply vents. A simple way to determine if the ventilation system is running of if a vent is a supply to exhaust is by holding a tissue near the vent. If the tissue moves, the air is being circulated and the direction the tissue is blown will determine the type of vent. The American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) have established a general guideline of 20 cubic feet of outside air per minute/per person for an office environment. This is a sufficient amount of air to dilute building contaminants and maintain a healthy environment. Indoor air quality complaints increase significantly in offices that are not supplied sufficient outside air.

Environmental Parameters A ventilation system should provide for a comfortable environment with respect to humidity and temperature. The overall goal of climate control is to provide an environment that is not too cold, hot, dry or humid, and that is free from drafts and odors. Excessively high or low temperatures in an office area can also lead to symptoms in building occupants and reduce productivity. High temperatures have been associated with fatigue, lassitude, irritability, headache and decrease in performance, coordination and alertness. A number of factors interact to determine whether people are comfortable with the temperature of the indoor air. The activity level, age, and physiology of each person affect the thermal comfort requirements of that individual. Extreme heat, which is unlikely to be found in an office environment, can result in heat rash, exhaustion, and fainting. Workers who may be less alert or fatigued from a high temperature environment may be more prone to accidents. Likewise, if the environment is too cold, flexibility, dexterity, and judgment may be impaired and therefore accidents may increase. Indoor Air Pollution An inadequately ventilated office environment or a poorly designed ventilation system can lead to the build up of a variety of indoor air pollutants. Air pollutants can originate within the building or be drawn in from outdoors. Examples of sources that originate outside a building include: pollen, dust and fungal spores; general vehicle exhaust; odors from dumpsters; and Re-entrained exhaust from the building itself or from neighboring buildings. Examples of sources that originate from within the building include: building components and furnishings; smoking; Maintenance or remodeling activities (painting, etc.); housekeeping activities; unsanitary conditions (standing water from clogged drains or dry traps) and water damage; and

Emissions from office equipment or special use areas (print shops, laboratories, or food preparation areas).

Controls to Prevent Indoor Air Pollution The following recommendations and guidelines are useful in preventing indoor air quality problems: HVAC systems should receive periodic cleaning and filters should be changed on a regular basis on all ventilation systems. The ventilation system should introduce an adequate supply of fresh outside air into the office and capture and vent point air pollutant sources to the outside. Office machinery should be operated in well-ventilated areas. Most office machinery does not require local exhaust ventilation in areas that are already provided with 7-10 air changes per hour. Photocopiers should be place away from workers desks. Workers should vary work tasks to avoid using machines excessively. Office equipment should be cleaned/maintained according to the manufacturers recommendations. Properly maintained equipment will not generate unhealthy levels of pollutants. Special attention should be given to special operations that may generate air contaminants (such as painting, pesticide spraying, and heavy cleaning). Provisions for adequate ventilation must be made during these operations or other procedures, such as performing work off-hours or removing employees from the immediate area, utilized. Lighting There are a number of measures that can be used to prevent and control poor lighting conditions in the work environment: Regular maintenance of the lighting system should be carried out to clean or replace old bulbs and faulty lamp circuits. A light-colored matte finish on walls, ceilings, and floors to reduce glare is recommended by the Illuminating Engineering Society. Whenever possible, office workers should not face windows, unshielded lamps, or other sources of glare. Adjustable shades should be used if workers face a window. Diffuse light will help reduce shadows. Indirect lighting and task lighting are recommended, especially when work spaces are separated by dividers. Task lamps are very effective in supplementing general office lighting for those who require or prefer additional lighting. Some task lamps permit several light levels. 3.4 Office Electrical Safety

Electricity is essential to the operations of a modern automated office as a source of power. Electrical equipment used in an office is potentially hazardous and can cause serious shock and burn injuries if improperly used or maintained. Electricity travels through electrical conductors which may be in the form of wires or parts of the human body. Most metals and moist skin offer very little resistance to the flow of electrical current and can easily conduct electricity. Other substances such as dry wood, porcelain, or pottery offer a high resistance and can be used to prevent the flow of electrical current. If a part of the body comes in contact with the electrical circuit, a shock will occur. The electrical current will enter the body at one point and leave at another. The passage of electricity through the body can cause great pain, burns, destruction of tissue, nerves, and muscles and even death. Factors influencing the effects of electrical shock include the type of current, voltage, resistance, amperage, pathway through body, and the duration of contact. The longer the current flows through the body, the more serious the injury. Injuries are less severe when the current does not pass

through or near nerve centers and vital organs. Electrical accidents usually occur as a result of faulty or defective equipment, unsafe installation, or misuse of equipment on the part of office workers. Types of electrical hazards found in an office environment include the following: Ungrounded Equipment Grounding is a method of protecting employees from electric shock. By grounding an electrical system, a low-resistance path to earth through a ground connection is intentionally created. When properly done, this path offers sufficiently low resistance and has sufficient current-carrying capacity to prevent the build-up of hazardous voltages. Most fixed equipment such as large, stationary machines must be grounded. Cord and plug connected equipment must be grounded if it is located in hazardous or wet locations, if operated at more than 150 volts to ground, or if it is of a certain type of equipment (such as refrigerators and air conditioners). Smaller office equipment, such as typewriters and coffee pots, would generally not fall into these categories and therefore would not have to be grounded. However much of the newer office equipment is manufactured with grounded plugs as a precaution (three prong plugs). In such cases, the equipment should be used in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. In any case, never remove the third (grounding) prong from any three-prong piece of equipment.

Overloaded Outlets Insufficient or overloading of electrical outlets should be avoided. A sufficient number of outlets will eliminate the need for extension cords. Overloading electrical circuits and extension cords can result in a fire. Floor mounted outlets should be carefully placed to prevent tripping hazards. Unsafe/Non-Approved Equipment The use of poorly maintained or unsafe, poor quality, non-approved (by national testing laboratory) coffee makers, radios, lamps, etc. (often provided by or used by employees) should be discarded. Such appliances can develop electrical shorts creating fire and/or shock hazards. Equipment and cords should be inspected regularly, and a qualified individual should make repairs. Defective, frayed or improperly installed cords for electrically -operated office equipment When the outer jacket of a cord is damaged, the cord may no longer be water-resistant. The insulation can absorb moisture, which may then result in a short circuit or excessive current leakage to ground. If wires are exposed, they may cause a shock to a worker who contacts them. These cords should be replaced. Electric cords should be examined on a routine basis for fraying and exposed wiring. Improper Placement of Cords A cord should not be pulled or dragged over nails, hooks, or other sharp objects that may cause cuts in the insulation. In addition, cords should never be placed on radiators, steam pipes, walls, and windows. Particular attention should be placed on connections behind furniture, since files and bookcases may be pushed tightly against electric outlets, severely bending the cord at the plug. Electrical Cords across Walkways and Work Areas An adequate number of outlet sockets should be provided. Extension cords should only be used in situations where fixed wiring is not feasible. However, if it is necessary to use an extension cord, never run it across walkways or aisles due to the potential tripping hazard. If you must run a cord across a walkway, either tape it down or purchase a cord runner. Live Parts Unguarded Wall receptacles should be designed and installed so that no current-carrying parts will be exposed, and outlet plates should be kept tight to eliminate the possibility of shock. Pulling of Plugs to Shut Off Power Switches to turn on and off equipment should be provided, either in the equipment or in the cords, so that it is not necessary to pull the plugs to shut off the power. To remove a plug from an outlet, take a firm grip on and pull the plug itself. Never pull a plug out by the cord.

Working on Live Equipment Disconnect electrical machines before cleaning, adjusting, or applying flammable solutions. If a guard is removed to clean or repair parts, replace it before testing the equipment and returning the machine to service. Blocking Electrical Panel Doors If an electrical malfunction should occur, the panel door, and anything else in front of the door will become very hot. Electrical panel doors should always be kept closed, to prevent electrical flashover in the event of an electrical malfunction. 3.5 Office Fire Prevention Strategies

The best time to think about fire safety is before a fire starts. Learn the location of fire escape routes and how to activate the fire alarm. Participate in practice fire drills on a regular basis. Become familiar with stairway exits - elevators may not function during a fire, or may expose passengers to heat, gas and smoke. 1. Heat-producing equipment - copiers, work processors, coffee makers and hot plates - are often overlooked as a potential fire hazard. Keep them away from anything that might burn. 2. Electrical appliances can be fire hazards. Be sure to turn off all appliances at the end of the day. Use only grounded appliances plugged into grounded outlets (three prong plugs). 3. If electrical equipment malfunctions or gives off a strange odor, disconnect it and call the appropriate maintenance personnel. Promptly disconnect and replace cracked, frayed, or broken electrical cords. 4. Keep extension cords clear of doorways and other areas where they can be stepped on or chafed and never plug one extension cord into another. 5. Do not allow combustible material (boxes, paper, etc.) to build up in inappropriate storage locations (near sources of ignition). Through a program of scheduled inspections, unsafe conditions can be recognized and corrected before they lead to serious injuries. Take a few moments each day to walk through your work area. Look for items previously pointed out, such as objects protruding into walkways, file cabinets that are weighted toward the top or frayed electrical cords. Advise personnel in the area of the hazards and set about correcting them. Emergency Preparedness One result of the recent trend toward open office environments is that smoke from office fires is not contained or isolated as effectively as in less open designs. Open office designs allows smoke to spread quickly and the incorporation of many synthetic and other combustible material in office fixtures (such as furniture, rugs, drapes, plastic wastebaskets, and vinyl covered walls) often makes smoky fires. In addition to being smoky, many synthetic materials can emit toxic materials during a fire. The local emergency action plan will address potential emergencies that can be expected in your work area. For emergency evacuation, the use of floor plans or workplace maps that clearly show the emergency escape routes and safe or refuge areas should be included in the plan. All employees must understand what actions they are to take in the work area and assemble in a safe zone. All new employees should discuss how they should respond to emergencies with their supervisors shortly after starting work and whenever their responsibilities under the plan change. This orientation should include: Identifying the individuals responsible for various aspects of the plan (chain of command) so that in an emergency confusion will be minimized and employees will have no doubt about who has authority for making decisions. Identifying the method of communication that will be used to alert employees that an evacuation or some other action is required as well as how employees can report emergencies (such as manual pull stations, public address systems, or telephones).

Identifying the evacuation routes from the building and locations where employees will gather.

General guidance for fires and related emergencies includes: If you discover a fire or see/smell smoke, immediately follow these procedures: Notify the local Fire Department Notify Physical Security or Building Security Force Activate the building alarm (fire pull station). If not available or operational, verbally notify people in the building. Isolate the area by closing windows and doors and evacuate the building, if you can do so safely. Shut down equipment in the immediate area, if possible.

If possible and if you have received appropriate training, use a portable fire extinguisher to: assist oneself to evacuate; assist another to evacuate; and control a small fire.

Do not collect personal or official items; leave the area of the fire immediately and walk, do not run to the exit and designated gathering area. One should provide the fire/police teams with the details of the problem upon their arrival. Special hazard information you might know is essential for the safety of the emergency responders. You should not re-enter the building until directed to do so. Follow any special procedures established for your unit. If the fire alarms are ringing in your building, you must evacuate the building and stay out until notified to return. Move to your designated meeting location or upwind from the building staying clear of streets, driveways, sidewalks, and other access ways to the building. If you are a supervisor, try to account for your employees, keep them together and report any missing persons to the emergency personnel at the scene .If an individual is overexposed to smoke or chemical vapors, remove the person to an uncontaminated area and treat for shock. Do not enter the area if you suspect that a life threatening condition still exists (such as heavy smoke or toxic gases). If CPR certified, follow standard CPR protocols. Get medical attention promptly. If one or another persons clothing catches fire, extinguish the burning clothing by using the drop-and-roll technique, wrap victim in a fire blanket or douse victim with cold water (use an emergency shower if it is immediately available). Carefully remove contaminated clothing; however, avoid further damage to the burned area. Cover injured person to prevent shock. Get medical attention promptly.

Office Building Security:

There are many office buildings, ranging from small one-story buildings, to low-rise office parks, to towering skyscrapers. Increasingly, most of the person spends a significant part of their lives working in

such buildings. And businesses increasingly house their most important assets - their employees and their sensitive printed and electronic information - in such buildings. This brief article will provide the reader with guidance on some basic issues concerning securing office buildings. It should not be relied on as the sole basis for a complete security plan, and does not contain legal advice. Readers should consult their attorney or security professional for advice about their specific situation. 3.6 How Likely a Target Is Your Building?

Where you are located and how attractive a target you are perceived to be by criminals and even terrorists will, in large part, determine how likely you are to actually be targeted. And how potential criminals and attackers perceive your building depends, in part, on their assessment of their potential gain versus the visible security measures you have. In other words, what is their likelihood of success, versus their risk of going to jail? Often a lucrative but well-protected building will be by-passed in favor of the less wellsecured easy building. In a commercial building, security risks come from both outsiders and building and tenant employees, and may include murder, robbery, rape, assault, theft, fraud, commercial espionage, arson, vandalism, bomb threats, workplace violence and (displaced) domestic violence, plus sabotage, to name but a few. The heavy concentration of people and property, coupled increasingly with open floor plans, make modern office buildings susceptible to these type threats. Plus, the always-present risks of fire, explosion, and natural disasters have to be considered in building design, construction or rehab. Architects, contractors and management responsible for designing or implementing security in any newbuild or rehab commercial building should first identify the assets (including people) to be protected, along with the likely threats to the facility. For example, in a stand-alone fast food facility, the threat of an armed robbery may be high; it would be less, however, in a two-story office building housing doctors (and drugs); and even less in small office building housing mainly accountants and similar low-risk tenants. A survey of all present or potential tenants should be made to ascertain what type of business each is or will be conducting; what significant business assets are present; and which businesses, if any, may constitute an increased risk to both the building and specific tenants from criminals, political activists, etc. A single highend jewelry store can significantly increase risks. If not yet built, the developer should have a good idea of the type of tenants it hopes to attract. 3.7 Security Risk Assessment

A security risk assessment (an exhaustive examination of the existing building and any surrounding property, including a review of the building plans and any security processes, policies and procedures) should be conducted. Local laws and codes pertaining to security measures, fire life-safety codes, and building evacuation requirements should also be reviewed. Observations of the building site should be made at various hours of the day and night, and also on weekends to determine customary activities and traffic patterns. Based on the identified threats, plus any identified gaps or shortcomings in security (vulnerabilities), developer / owner / management can start to develop an overall security plan, including cost-effective counter-measures. Where management does not have qualified expertise on staff, or such staff is not readily available to conduct a security survey due to other commitments, an independent, nonproduct affiliated security consultant should be retained to assist.

3.8 Access Control

Because most security incidents occur inside a building, special attention should be given to controlling building access. While tenants and visitors require access, freedom of access to buildings and particular offices in them is also very important to criminals. The nature and level of access control (along with visible security measures such as CCTV cameras in office building lobbies, hallways and garages) also establishes the buildings security culture or image, which is important in deterring criminals. In cases of small office buildings, management frequently leaves the doors open for tenants and visitors. If the risks are relatively low, this may be acceptable during the office-day. Locks on all exterior doors which are closed at night should always be of high-security commercial grade, with their exterior hinges pinned or welded to prevent removal. Because the perimeter access points to the building are not well-controlled, interior doors to individual offices should also be of high security materials and locking devices. As an alternative in buildings with only a few tenant employees, general building access might be controlled with each employee having a key, or a card operating a simple front and back door electronic card access system. Visitors and delivery persons would have to use a building directory intercom to seek admittance. Depending on the system, tenants would then remotely buzz visitors in (convenient, but not very secure), or be required to physically go to the lobby or entry door to admit visitors. Where stricter access control is necessary, buildings might use a receptionist or security officer (proprietary or contract guard company) to screen all visitors and employees. Where there are more than 75 employees, or there is high-turnover in employees, then use of a building or tenant issued photo ID card for visual screening is recommended. An alternative, especially in larger buildings or those with higher risk, is use of an electronic card access control system by all tenants. When card access systems are used, employees/tenants can be processed automatically through one or more lines, while visitors can be directed to a special line for screening and bag search (if desired or required). Temporary (time expiring) badges could be issued to visitors who have been approved by tenants, or for access to public offices. Note that most mid to large office buildings (five or more stories) will require a combination of technology and manpower to adequately address their security needs. Systems and hardware alone wont accomplish the entire task, and neither do guards. Integrating both into a comprehensive security plan is usually required. Special attention should be given in all buildings to common areas such as lobbies and hallways. Because they are often used to facilitate thefts or sexual assaults, both men and womens restrooms should have lockable doors requiring key access.

3.9 Attacking the Building

Malicious vandalism, and major damage by disgruntled building or tenant employees might be directed against the building itself, rather than directly against the tenants or their property. Management should secure access to the building ventilation system and electrical and telephone rooms, including any access points on the individual floors. Accessible utilities (water, power and gas) on the property, but outside the

building, should also be secured. Openings permitting access to the building from the roof should be secured against entry from the outside if the roof is accessible from nearby (within 15 feet) buildings or trees.

3.10 Emergency Planning Every office building should have an emergency plan that mitigates the impact of any security breach or other disaster. Special attention should be given to developing and practicing building evacuation plans. While evacuation drills for fire and bomb threats are inconvenient, they are critical to life-safety and should be performed at least once each year. Building tenants and employees are constantly changing. They are less likely to panic in an emergency if they have gained confidence by practicing evacuations and know what to do. And lives will be saved!

3.11 Fire Safety on the Job Office Fires

Many of the nations annual 5,000 office building fires could be prevented if companies and employees followed basic. On-the-job fire safe practices Prevention: Arson

Arson is the largest single cause of fires in general office buildings. Follow your buildings security measures and keep unauthorized people out of the building. Keep doors locked after business hours. Alleys and other areas around you building should be well lit. Keep clutter out of halls, lobbies, alleys, and other public areas. Housekeeping Keep waste paper, empty boxes, dirty rags, cleaning supplies, and other combustibles out of exits, storage areas, and stairways. Wiring Replace any cracked, frayed, or damaged electrical cord. Never run extension cords across doorways or where they can be stepped on or pinched or run over by chairs or other furniture. Do not plug extension cords into each other and avoid plugging more than one extension cord into an outlet. Equipment and appliances Leave space for air to circulate around heaters and other heat-producing equipment, such as copy machines, coffeemakers, and computers. Keep appliances away from anything that might catch fire. Do not stack books or papers on top of computer monitors. Designate an employee to turn off or unplug all appliances-including coffeemakers and hot platesat the end of each workday. Smoking Cigarettes, matches, and lighters are a major cause of all fires. Many companies have banned smoking on the job as a health concern and to decrease the possibility of fires. If your company allows smoking in the workplace, smoke only where permitted. Do not flick ashes onto floors or into wastebaskets. Use large, non-tip ashtrays, and make sure everything in them is cold before you empty them.

Apply the same cautions to visitors and be alert to smoldering cigarette butts on furniture or in wastebaskets.

3.12 Employees should Count the doors or desks between their work areas and the nearest exit. During a fire, employees may have to find their way out in the dark. Learn the location of alternative exits from all work areas. Know the location of the nearest fire alarm and learn how to use it. Post the fire departments emergency phone number, on or near all telephones. Be sure that someone in authority knows about any disability that could delay an escape, and makes plans for a safe evacuation. Post building evacuation plans and discuss them during new-employee orientations. Conduct regular fire drills. Include disabled employees in the fire emergency planning process.

3.13 If fire strikes..

Sound the alarm and call the fire department, no matter how small the fire appears to be. Leave the area quickly, closing doors as you go to contain the fire and smoke. If you encounter smoke or flames during your escape, use an alternative exit. Heat and smoke rise, leaving cleaner air near the floor. If you must exit through smoke, crawl on your hands and knees, keeping your head in the safety zone 12 to 24 inches (30 to 60 centimeters) above the floor. Test doors before you open them. Kneeling or crouching at the door, reach up as high as you can and touch the door, the knob, and the space between the door and its frame with the back of your hand. If the door is warm, use another escape route. If the door is cool, open it slowly, being prepared to close it quickly if you encounter smoke or flames. Follow directions for evacuation from fire and security personnel. Once outside, move away from the building, out of the way of fire fighters. Remain outside until the fire department says you may go back in. In some high-rise buildings, the fire emergency plan requires workers in areas not directly involved in the fire to remain in the building until instructed otherwise by fire fighters. fire extinguishers

Portable

most portable fire extinguishers are appropriate only for fighting small, contained fires, such as a fire in a wastebasket. It is dangerous to fight a grease or electrical fire with an extinguisher that contains water. Employers who provide portable fire extinguishers should designate and train specific employees to operate them. Warning if we are unfamiliar with the extinguisher or proper fire-fighting techniques, do not endanger yourself and your co-workers by attempting to fight even a small fire. Be certain the fire department has been called and that everyone has left the fire area before attempting to fight a small fire. 3.14 Safety Code of Government

S.R.O No.63-Law/2006- The Building Construction Act.1952 (E.B Act No. xxvii of 1953) under this act govt. impose the different rules & regulation. Procedure 1. Administrative Approval (ic. City Corporation, Municipal Authority) 2. Technical Approval (Building Design& Shape, Environmental Issues and other safety issues) 3. Construction Lift Installation: Provision in building: For the purpose of effective installation of lifts escalators working drawings showing the layout of lifts & escalator properly identified in the drawing details of Building works for example holes and/or punches in floors or walls and supports for lifts shall be prepared prior to the finalization of Building design drawing. Necessary particulars of electrical requirement of lifts shall be determined early in the planning stage to include it in the electrical provision of the building. 1. Essential requirements for lifts Lift shall be provided in buildings more than six storeys or 20m in height. 2. Stretcher facilities in lifts A. When passenger lifts are installed in any building having more than ten storeys or a height of more than 32m, each floor served by these lifts must have access to at least one lift with a stretcher facility. B. A lift required to have a stretcher facility shall accommodate a raised stretcher with a patient lying on it horizontally by providing a minimum clear opening width of 1050mm unless otherwise designed to provide an equivalent facility, to allow the entrance and exit of an ambulance stretcher(minimum size 600mm wide * 2000mm long) in its horizontal position. These lifts shall be identified by the internationally recognized symbol for emergency medical services. C. In any multi-storied hospital and health care building there shall be at least one hospital lift having stretcher facility in accordance with section (b) above. 3. Stand by power: A. One or more lifts shall be provided with standby power in a. A building which has more than ten storeys or a height of more than 32 m. b. Hospital and health care buildings. B. Standby power shall be provided by an approved self contained generator set to operate automatically whenever there is a disruption of electrical power supply to the building. C. The operation of the standby power system shall be as fallows: a. Where only one lift is installed, the lift shall transfer to standby power within 60 seconds after failure power.

b. Where two or more lifts are controlled by a common. Operating system, all lifts may be transferred to a power within 60 seconds after failure of normal power. 3. Conformity with Bangladesh Electricity Act All electrical work in connection with electrical lifts shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the latest Bangladesh Electricity Act and the provision of any of its bye-laws and regulation. 4. Safety Considerations Fire Protection: a. Necessary provisions shall be kept to prevent spread of fire through the lift well. Adequate measures shall also be taken to reduce the possibility of spread of fire from the machine room in to the lift well. b. Lift well enclosures and machine room shall be constructed with fire resistant materials. In case of fire, the lift well enclosures shall not give off harmful gas or fumes. c. Where lift enclosure are fire rated manually closing doors at the enclosure well shall have afire rating equal to that of the enclosure well and automatically closing doors shall have a fire rating equal to one half of that of the enclosure well Warning signs against use of the lifts during a fire shall be displayed near every call button for a passenger lift. Permanent warning sign above each push button on each floor landing shall be IN FIRE ENERGENCY, DO NOT USE LIFT, USE EXIT STAIRS Equipment Installation a. General: Mechanical equipment and appliances shall be installed in accordance with the manufactures installation instructions for the labeled equipment. b. Identification of equipment: When more than one air-conditioning, heating, refrigenerating, or ventilation systems are installed on the roof of a building or within the building each equipment shall be identified as to the area or space served by the equipment. c. Access: All mechanical equipment and appliances shall be accessible for inspection, service, repair, replacement without removing permanent construction. Unless otherwise specified not less than 750mm of working space and platform shall be provided to serve the equipment or appliance. Appliance controls gauges, filters, blowers, motors and burners shall be accessible. The operating instruction shall be clearly displayed near the appliance where they can be read easily. Electrical Installations Equipment regulated by this code requiring electrical connections of more than 50 volts shall have a positive means of disconnect adjacent to and in sight from the equipment served. Low voltage wiring of 50volts or less within a structure shall be installed in manner to prevent physical damage. Personnel protection: A suitable and substantial metal guard shall be provided around exposed flywheels, fans, pulleys, belts and moving machinery which are portions of air-conditioning heating and ventilation system. Residential Building: Dwelling Units:

General living area: If any building have only one room it will squire feet 9.50 miter and more than one room it will 7.5 squire miter. The height of living room at least 2.5 miters. Bedrooms All other rooms Kitchens: The kitchen height at least 2.5 miter Kitchen the Squire feet of Kitchen should be squire feet 4.5 squire miter and width at least 1.8 miter. The window of kitchen should be 1 squire miter so that the air can move easily Baths & Toilets. Bathroom and toilet the squire of bathroom should be 1.6 squire miters. width 1ntr height 2.1 miter Water closet with toilet squire feet 1.1 Squire miter width0.9 miter and height 2.1 miter. The window toilet Squire feet at least 0.37 squire miter. Special areas: Elevators Exits and corridors Lockers and dressing rooms Nonpublic bathrooms Public bathrooms

Stair Size Building Classification A. Residential A1. Single Family A2.Apartment & Flat A3.Mess & Hostel A4. Lower Class Family A5. Residential Hotel Stair at least width(meter) 1.00 1.15 1.25 *** 1.25 B. Educational Institutions C.Instituational D. Health 1.50 1.50 2.00

E. Commercial Building E1. Office E2. Bazar & Small Shop E3. Bazar & Big Shop

1.50 1.50 2.00

Picture Gallery The goal for architects and design professionals: Minimizing fortress design and target hardening, except where required after thorough analysis and study. The design professional must address the issue of how architectural design features and approaches can enhance security without intruding objectionable aesthetics and functionality of the building.

Figure 01: Reception area, Fire extinguisher On the side wall.

Figure 02: Alternative exit door.

Figure 04: Hose pipe behind the lift

Figure 07: Toilet zone extinguisher toilet zone.

Figure 08: Fire exit door within

Figure

09:

Fire

Hose pipe, Fire alarm

Figure 10: Landing of fire stair Obstructed by waste box

figure 11: Main stair case

Figure 12: Written instruction On the lift lobby.

In Bangladesh, most of the people are not aware about the types and prevention the home accidents. Most of them do not go to hospital unless the accidents are very much harmful. Though the collection of information of home accidents is difficult, there is a complete absence of research (medical, psychological and statistical) towards the improvement of awareness and avoidance of home accidents. In case of children, according to register of Children Hospital, most of the children are admitted their for different types of child daisies where home accidents cases are very rare (8%), caused mainly by burn, and scaled. According to register of Aurthopadic Hospital, among the admitted child home accidents between 3 to 10 years old are caused for fall from height (fall from tree, wall, bed) which are 10% among another case. But in Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralyzed (CRP) most of the cases are admitted for home accidents i.e. 52% and other cases are 48%. Home accident cases are caused by fall from height i.e. Tree fall (40%), fall from wall, roof etc. in the work time (16%), and fall of heavy object (such as- on back (18%), fall while carrying heavy load on head (26%) Burns: Injury to tissues caused by the contact with heat, flame, chemicals, electricity, or radiation. First degree burns show redness; second degree burns show visitation (blisters); third degree burns show necrosis through the entire skin. Burns of the first and second degree are partial-thickness burns, those of the third are full-thickness burns. A major burn necessitates painful treatment and a long period of rehabilitation. Often fatal or permanently disfiguring, it can cause both emotional and physical incapacitation. Cause: Thermal burns, the most common type, can result from residential fires, motor vehicle accidents, playing with matches, improperly stored gasoline, space heater or electrical malfunctions, scalding accidents, kitchen accidents, or child abuse. Chemical burns can result from contact with or ingestion, inhalation, or injection of acids, alkalis, or vesicants. Electrical burns may result from contact with faulty electrical wiring or with high-voltage power lines, or from young children chewing on electric cords. Friction or abrasion burns result from harsh rubbing of skin against a coarse surface. Sunburn results from excessive exposure to sunlight. Symptoms: Varies depending on severity and depth of burn--Although most burns are a combination of different degrees and thickness First degree burn: Damage is limited to the epidemics, causing erythema (redness) and pain

Second degree burn: The epidemic and part of the dermis are damaged, producing blisters and mild to moderate edema and pain Third degree burn: The epidemic and dermis are damaged. No blisters appear, but white, brown, or black tissue and thromboses vessels are visible Fourth degree burn: Damage extends through deeply charred subcutaneous tissue to muscle and bone Another way to assess burns is to estimate the size of a burn. Size is usually expressed as the percentage of body surface area (BSA) covered by the burn. Called The Rule Of Nine Charts: a correlation of the burn's depth and size permits an estimate of its severity. Major: Third degree burns on more than 10% of BSA; second degree burns on more than 25% of adult BSA (more than 20% in children); burns of hands, face, feet, or genitalia; burns complicated by fractures or respiratory damage; electrical burns; all burns in poor risk patients. Moderate: Third degree burns on 2% to 10% of BSA; second degree burns on 15% to 25% of adult BSA (10% to 20% in children). Minor: Third degree burns on less than 2%; of BSA; second degree burns on less than 15% of adult BSA (10% in children). Other important factors: Location: Burns on the face, hands, feet, and genitalia are most serious, because of possible loss of function Configuration: Circumferential burns can cause total occlusion of circulation in an extremity as a result of edema. Burns on the neck can produce airway obstruction, whereas burns on the chest can lead to restricted respiratory expansion History of complication medical problems: Disorders that impair peripheral circulation, especially diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, and chronic, alcohol abuse Other injuries sustain at the time of the burn Patient age: Victims under age 4 or over age 60 have a higher incidence of complications and, consequently, a higher mortality Pulmonary injury can result from smoke inhalation Disable case According to the register of Orthopedics Hospital, among the admitted child home accidents between 3 to 10 years old are caused for fall from height (fall from tree, wall, bed) which are 10% among another case[14]. But in Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralyses (CRP) most of the cases are admitted for home accidents ie. 52% and other cases are 48%. Home accident cases are caused by fall from height ie. tree fall (40%), fall from wall, roof etc. at the work time (16%), fall of heavy object (such as- on back (18%), fall while carrying heavy load on head (26%).[15]

Causes of injury for patients admitted to CRP

60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Home accidents (52%) Road traffic accidents (16%) Others (32%)

Types of Home accident injury for patients admitted to CRP

40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%

Tree fall (40%)

Fall from height (16%)

Fall of heavy object on back (18%)

Fall while carrying heavy load on head (26%)

3.15 Responsibilities of Architects to prevent Home Accident

Architects have also some responsibilities to prevent accident, such as fire of a building by using material. Munce wrote in 1960: The architect is required to design and construct a building that will: Restrict the spread of fire within its boundary,

Restrict the spread of fire to adjoining premises, Burn slowly, if at all. Provide suitable means of escape. modify a house for disable person

3.16 Measures Taken by Rupayan group

Three types of security measures has been developed by Rupayanto maintain its safety and security. 1. Precautionary measures 2. Evacuation measures 3. Fire fighting measures The authority practiced these type of safety and security measures through a drill system twice in a year regularly. Security management managed by proper personnel. Necessary equiepments are found there in right places, the equiepments are fire alarm, fire extinguisher, hose pipe, cctv. As per plan of the building the spaces for safety on the exterior side of the building , it is found more open. There are two way of entry point in to the main building. One is pedesterian and another is vehicular. There are two alternative stairs on the both oposite ending point of the building along with main staircases. Those two alternative stairsare within closed staircases. Duringany immergency, the occupants of the building can easily take the opportunity for their safety and security and this is possible due to open plan layout of the building.

Typical Floor Plan

Findings: Before the entry point of the building there are two ways of entry, both are used for staff. One of them is linked by steps with open plaza. This is being used by mass employees and the other way of entry marked by archway, is being used as normal way to get in the office. On the ahead of archway, there is another security point. The entry lobby, here lies four lifts, the main stair case attached with one of the lifts wall. Emergency fire exit stair area is not in a adequate space. There are other three stairs of which one stair ends to podium level. The remaining two, one main stair and another fire exit stair, all the stairs located in very much attached spaces. Smoke detectors are there on the roof. There lays a lift monitoring room on the 20th floor, it is control centrally.

Emergency Reporting Procedure

If the need for an Evacuation is discovered:

Activate manual fire alarm pull station if possible. If you are not in immediate danger, notify the Emergency Operator/ Telephone Board and provide: Your Name Fire Location or any danqer (Bldg. #, Floor #, Room #)

3.17 Govt.Regulation Vs Rupayan

Govt.Regulation Administrative Approval Technical Approval (Building Design & Shape) Environmental Issues Safety & Security issues

Rupayan

Human Recourses Management & Development (i.e. Labor Law) Income Tax, Vat and other govt. Charge Overall Social Benefit & Responsibilities Constriction Labor Premont & Labor Security of Life

Unsatisfied

Chapter: 04 REHAB at a Glance

4.0 Welcome to REHAB 4.1 REHAB at a Glance 4.2 Formation of REHAB 4.3 Present Performance of REHAB 4.4 Membership Criteria 4.5 Marketing Strategy of Real State Sector

4.0 Welcome to REHAB REHAB is the only trade organization of Real Estate Developers with a current membership of 557 Developers. All major institutionalized Developers are members of this organization. REHAB is also the "A Class" member of the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI). In the recent years REHAB has played a very significant role in nation building through Real Estate Development by its members. The members of REHAB contribute a large amount of revenue to the Government exchequer in terms of Registration Cost, Income Tax and Utility Service Charges. REHAB organizes its most colorful annual event REHAB Housing Fair each year in Bangladesh for the member developers, financial institutions and building material providers. It has already successfully completed three Housing Fairs during 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 & 2005 at Dhaka Sheraton Hotel Complex. To foster the growth of Real Estate Sector REHAB plans to organize Housing Fair abroad for the Bangladeshi individuals who are living different countries of the World to buy apartment, land and commercial spaces in their home country. Accordingly, the first - ever Housing Fair abroad organized by REHAB on August 2004 at Quality Hotel Hempstead, 80 Clinton Street, New York, USA. 4.1 REHAB at a Glance

Name of the Association Year of Establishment No. of Member in 1991 No. of Member in 2008 No of Apt. units Delivered by the

: Real Estate &Housing Association of Bangladesh : 1991 : 11 : 558

Developer in last 20 years No. of Apt. units Delivered by

: 56,000 (App.)

REHAB Members per year (2004) : 5500-6500 Units No. of Plot units Delivered by The Developer per year Approx. turnover per year Revenue to Govt : 4500-5500 Units : 1,250 Corer Taka (Tk.12.50 Billion) : 100 Corer Taka (Tk.1.oo Billion)

Direct EmploymentArchitects Graduate Engineer Diploma Engineer Management Official Direct Labors skilled & unskilled Contribution to GDP 4.2 Formation of REHAB With the number of companies increasing gradually, various problems concerning the housing sector cropped up requiring early solution. At this stage it was necessary to form a trade association of the Real Estate developers to protect the overall interests of the sector. To strengthen the role of real estate sector Real Estate & Housing Association of Bangladesh (REHAB) was formed with only 11 members in 1991. The objective of REHAB was to promote formal private sector Real Estate Development in Bangladesh. : 2000 nos : 4000 nos : 10000 nos : 20000 nos : 12 -14 % : 15 Lacs (1.5 Million)

4.3 Present Performance of REHAB REHAB is the only trade organization of Real Estate Developers with a current membership of 260 Developers. All major institutionalized Developers are members of this organization. REHAB is also the "A Class" member of the Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI). In the recent years REHAB has played a very significant role in nation building through Real Estate Development by its members. The members of REHAB contribute a large amount of revenue to the Government exchequer in terms of Registration Cost, Income Tax and Utility Service Charges.

REHAB organizes its most colorful annual event REHAB Housing Fair each year in Bangladesh for the member developers, financial institutions and building material providers. It has already successfully completed three Housing Fairs during 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 & 2005 at Dhaka Sheraton Hotel Complex. To foster the growth of Real Estate Sector REHAB plans to organize Housing Fair abroad for the Bangladeshi individuals who are living different countries of the World to buy apartment, land and commercial spaces in their home country. Accordingly, the first - ever Housing Fair abroad organized by REHAB on August 2004 at Quality Hotel Hempstead, 80 Clinton Street, New York, USA. 4.4 Membership Criteria Forwarding Letter of Presentation (Letter Head Pad) (To President / General Secretary) MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION FORM MEMBERSHIP NOMINATION FORM-ANNEXURE # 1 Memorandum & Articles of Association/ Partnership Deed/ Deed of Agreement. Certificate of Incorporation. Tin Certificate (Update / Current). Vat Registration Certificate. Trade License (Update / Current). List of Directors / Partners (Letter Head Pad). Portfolio of Managing Director / Managing Partner / Proprietor Ceo (Letter Head Pad). Photograph & Bio-Data of the Representative (3 Copy Photo). List of on Going Project (Letter Head Pad). List of Executed Project (Letter Head Pad). Design Approved By Rajuk & Approval Letter of Concerned Authority For Apartment Developers only (On Going Project). List of Employee of the Company (Letter Head Pad). Company Registration Card Issued By Rajuk / Concerned Authority (For Land Developers Only). On Going Project Brochure With Rajuk's Approval Letter Number Rehab Secretariats Will Be Responsible For Initial Visit of Office & Project Site Interview of Managing Director / Managing Partner / Ceo / Proprietor / Director by Membership Development Board. Status of Project (Progress). After Approval By The Ec Only - Pay Order In Flavor Of Rehab To Be Asked. Admission fee - taka. 75,000.00. Annual subscription - taka. 25,000.00

4.5 Marketing Strategy of Real State Sector: Real state companies generally follow the two type of marketing

1.

Mass Marketing A. Advertising- Traditional method B. Web Promotion C. REHAB Fair

2.

One to-one Marketing A. Networking Through Existing Clients to Potential clients B. E-Mail C. SMS

Mass Marketing

One to-one Marketing

Average customer Customer anonymity Standard Product Mass production Mass Distribution Mass Advertising Mass promotion One- Way Message Economies of scale Share of market All customers Customer Attraction

Individual Customer Customer Profile Customized Market Offering Customized Production Individualized Distribution Individualized Message Individualized Incentives Two-way Message Economies of scope Share of Customer Profitable Customers Customer retention

Chapter: 05 Rupayan Projects

5.1 Rupayan Project & Picture Gallery 5.2 Land Valuation in the Dhaka City (Government Rate) 5.3 Home Loan Facilities 5.4 Value Addition Principles 5.5 Some Specialist of Real State Sector

5.1Rupayan Project & Picture Gallery

Ongoing Projects:

1.

Rupayan Chowdhury Palace at Bashundhara

2.

Rupayan Oak Vale at Uttara

3.

Rupayan XANADU Dhanmondi

at

4.

Rupayan LAKE SIDE at Dhanmondi

5.

Rupayan LAKE SPRING at Dhanmondi

Completed-Projects: 6. Rupayan ANGEL Shantinagar at

1.

Rupayan Legend at Gulshan 7. Rupayan Niketon PRESTIGE at

2.

Rupayan Garden at Niketon 8.

3.

Rupayan Castle at Gulshan

Rupayan ACACIA Dhanmondi

at

4.

Rupayan Pearl at Gulshan

9.

Rupayan NILUFAR Bashundhara

at

10. Rupayan CROWN IMPERIAL at Dhanmondi

11. Rupayan CHANDRALEKHA Bashundhara

at

Upcoming-Projects:

12. Rupayan Uttara

APYLLION

at

1.

Rupayan Khan Tower at Malibagh

13. Rupayan RANI VILLA at Mirpur

2.

Rupayan HAQUE CENTER at Baddda

14. Rupayan UNILODGE Bashundhara

at

15. `R. Al-Mujaheedy Arcade at Uttara

5.2 Land Valuation in the Dhaka City (Government Rate)

Per Katha Area Motijheel Dhanmondi Present Value 7 Lac 90 Thousand 6 Lac 90 Thousand Extended Value 31 Lac 60 Thousand 27 Lac 60 Thousand

Kakrial Polton Mirpur Khelgaon Sutrapur Bagunbari Tajturi Bazar

5 Lac 60 Thousand 7 Lac 60 Thousand 1 Lac 57 Thousand 5 Lac 77 Thousand 4 Lac 15 Thousand 11 Lac 43 Thousand 12 Lac 76 Thousand

22 Lac 40 Thousand 30 Lac 40 Thousand 6 Lac 28 Thousand 23 Lac 8 Thousand 16 Lac 60 Thousand 45 Lac 72 Thousand 51 Lac 4 Thousand

5.3 Home Loan Facilities

Loan Facilities: When you decide to own a home, shop, or office space, you need to invest a handsome amount on particular property, but it may not always be possible to arrange all the payment in hard cash due to different reasons. In such cases your dream can not shorten or postponed. There are organization that can readily provide loans on property according to your need and demand, based on the nature on your property and repayment capability. Up to 70% loan with the interest rate of 12% (approx) is available. Rupayan can help you waiting the loan or you can directly contact the organizations mention below:

IDLC

DBH

NATIONAL HOUSING

HSBC

Hadi Mansion 2.Dilkusha C/A

Landmark Bhaban (9th floor) 12-14 Gulshan

National Plaza (7th Floor) 1/G, Free school street

Anchor Tower 1/1,B,Sonargaon Road Dhaka-1205 Phone:9660536-43 Mob:011866750

GPO Box No.: 3160 North Gulshan Dhaka-1000 Dhaka-1212 Phone: 02-9560111 Phone:02-8822374 E-mail: E-mail: mailbox@idlc.com dbh@deltabrac.com

Sonogram Road Dhaka Phone:02-9670612 Email:housing@bdonline. com

Key Checklist for home loan SL Particulars BASIC DOCUMENT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Application form (Properly filled up) Photograph of applicants attested by introducer/RM Guarantor details (Properly filled up) Photograph of Guarantor attested by applicants (2 copies) CIB undertaking form (Properly filled up) CV/ Bio data Photocopy of the passport/Voter National ID Card/Valid Driving License Deed of agreement between client & Developer/ Landowner & money receipt Personal bank statement for the last 1 year. Copy of sanction letter & bank statement showing repayment of other loan installments. Title deeds supporting fixed assets (if any ), Rental agreement with tenants (if any ) & Utility bill copy Document Supporting Liquid Assets/FDR Copy. Rental agreement /Possession deed of Business house(for businessman only) Evidence of present work in hand and value , Pre return(for businessman ;if any) TIN Certificate Tax Assessment paper (latest) & For NBR client at least 2 years. Credit Card Statement for the last 6 months (if any) SERVICE HOLDER 18 19 20 21 Letter of introduction/Letter of undertaking from employer/Salary Certificate Photograph ID card from organization. Bank statement showing monthly salary for the last 1 year. Latest salary slip/Revenue stamped salary slip or voucher

12 13 14 15 16 17

22

Latest transfer order (if any) SOLE PROPRITORSHIP

23 24 25

Copy of valid trade license Business bank statement for the last 2 years (minimum) Sales ledger for 1 year(minimum) PARTERSHIP

26 27 28 29

Partnership deed Audited P/L account and Balance sheet of business for the last 3 years (minimum) Company bank statement for the last 3 years (minimum) CV/ Bio Data of partners along with contact number. LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY

30 31

Copy of RJSC certified Memorandum & articles of Association(MEMART) Latest copy of form X11, Copy of Certificate of incorporation & commencement of business and board resolution regarding proposed loan facility. Audited P/L account and Balance sheet of business for the last 3 years (minimum) List of Directors & Signatories along with address and net worth statement. Company bank statement for the last 3 years (minimum) NON RESIDENT BANGLADESHI

32 33 34

35 36 37

Employment Contract, Letter of introduction, Salary certificate & ID card Residency permit or latest work permit. Overseas bank statements for the last 2 years & local bank statement showing remittance earnings for the last 1year (Minimum) Copy of power of attorney (if any) BB HOUSING LOAN REFINANCING SCHEME

38

39 40 41

Employer confirmation Letter/NOC regarding home policy. Project Brochure Documents related with confirmation of property location (Holding tax receipt or word commissioner Certificate)

5.4 Value Addition Principles

The value of a home real estate can be appreciated in the following ways:1.Rental Income A home or residential property which is properly selected and managed can become a source of steady income through rental income. 2. Appreciation of Value It has been historically seen that with time the value of the home real estate increases. Hence, from the long term perspective the value of a home real estate establishment appreciates. 3. Value appreciation through improvement of property If improvement is done on the home real estate then it is most likely to enhance the price and profit at the time of sale. 4. Inflation helps in real estate's value addition Inflation drives up the rent of the home real estate leading to increased rental income. Growth in population in the urban areas (mainly through migration) creates excess demand leading to upward trend in the rent prices.

5. Equity Home Loan can be utilized in profitable avenues

Mortgage payment leads to increase in equity. Thus, equity home loan can be used by a real estate investor for more investments and other purposes

A. Traditional Physical process Sequence

Make the Product

Sell the Product

Design Product

Procure

Make Price

Sell

Advertise/ Promote

Distribute

Service

B. Value Creation and Delivery Sequence

Choose The value

Provide The Value

Customer

Market

Value

Product

Service

Pricing

Sourcing

I
Segmentation Selection/ Positioning DevelopDevelopMaking

Strategic Marketing

Tactical Marketing

Communicate the Value

Distributing Servicing

Sales Force

Sales Promotion

Advertising

5.5 Some Specialist of Real State Sector

Home real estate has turned into an important area of business and generally involves heavy investments. Hence specialists are required to evaluate the investment opportunity and facilitate the transaction.

Some of the specialists are :-

(a) Home Real Estate Brokers They assist and facilitate the transaction of the buyers and sellers of the home real estates. (b) Home Real estate Appraisers They give the service of doing the valuation of the real estate venture.

(c) Developer They help to improve the land through addition and replacement of buildings.

(d) Property manager They manage a property on behalf of the owner of the property. (e) Real Estate Manager They help in sales of home real estate business. Chapter: 06 Conclusion & Recommendation

6.1 SWOT Analysis

6.2 Findings

6.3 Recommendation

6.4 Conclusions

6.5 Bibliography

6.1 SWOT Analysis

From the SWOT Analysis we can figure out ongoing scenario of the company. So, to have a better view of the present company position of Social Investment Bank Ltd.

SWOT Analysis:

Internal Factors

External Factors

Strength

Weakness

Opportunity

Threat

In SWOT analysis two factors act as prime movers.

Internal factors which are prevailing inside concern which include strength and weakness. On the other hand another factor is external factor which act as opportunity and threat.

Strengths:

The main strengths as observed during the study include the following:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Efficient Administration. We care for our clients as family members Our business standing is based on ethics Products prices are very much competitive and reasonable Selection of project location in important surroundings is one of the best art of RUPAYAN Concrete foundation and completely earthquake protected. We ensure the best standard in every stage of construction and strictly follow American concrete institute and ASTM code. 7. The RUPAYAN has got the best architectural design with the consideration of all internal facilities as well. 8. The RUPAYAN is committed to hand over its projects in scheduled time. 9. After sale service. 10. Our sales teams are always ready to serve for your comfort. 11. Commitment is only the last word to us and we try to maintain it.

Weakness:

Based on observation and analysis the following weakness as observed.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Existing manual vouching system. Employee shortage. Lack of customer credit scheme. Absence of employee job satisfaction. High rate of employee hair & fairing. :

Opportunity

The opportunities of the bank as opinion by the concerned people are given below:

1. 2. 3. 4. Threats:

Huge business area. Growth of sales volume. Expansion of business around the country. A large portion of our population is like to purchase ready flat so that they can avoid hassle.

The possible threats that company may encounter are given below:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Entrance of new company in the market. Higher Interest Rate in the Home Loan. Default loan. Political unrest. Political barrier of recovering the loan. Political consideration of giving loan. Government new rules and regulation. For example Fiscal Year 2009-10 govt. new Project Public Private Partnership(PPP)

6.2 Findings

1. Rupayan Group Ltd. has a good set of institutional owners which gives a better board of directors than many other housing companies. 2. Rupayan Group Ltd. has been successful developing a professional job environment where each offer has substantial level of authority and responsibility. 3. The organization is divided into departments then into units and sub units. Thus the total flow of work has become very systematic.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

The company has started to diversity its business into different areas of the The growth of the company has so far been very steady and very high. The company is maintaining steady profitability up to 2008. It faces many problems due to Competitive Market. Rupayan Housing Ltd. has smart and energetic sales force.

company.

6.3 Recommendation

The following steps may be taken for the betterment of the company:

1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

Rupayan should intensify its quality of client service. Technological skills should be developed. Rupayan should establish its own networking system between its different business areas so that they can exchange their information faster and efficiently. The training institute should be developed for valuable human assets. Investment policy of Rupayan Group Ltd. should be easy and flexible. The company should arrange credit facilities for their customer. Rupayan should sponsor seminar, symposium and housing fair for the purpose increase awareness about the services of Rupayan. Rupayan should conduct strong Marketing Innovation activities to increase business in and outside of Bangladesh. Rupayan should invest its fund in the profitable sector that will produce more profit for the owner of the account so that people will attract for Rupayan. Give better facilities to their employees. Try to enter into the capital market. Ensure corporate social benefit and responsibilities. More emphasis on maximizing wealth instead of maximizing profit. Should be complying the govt. rules & regulation. and also maintaining the ethical business behavior.

6.4 Conclusions

Rupayan not only a name in the Real Estate area, but an idea and dream of thousands.like us and Millions of other prospects at home and abroad. For many years Rupayan has been serving the people of Bangladesh by constructing quality Apartment and commercial projects. Rupayan is dedicated to build trust and very relationship with its clientele base. One can easily rely on Rupayan for its quality and commitment. Unlike other Real Estate companies, Rupayan has very strong financial support and expertise, which gives you the mighty buildings, our Dream Home and Business Space in most attractive locations of Dhaka Metropolitan City and other part of the Motherland.

6.5 Bibliography

Annual report of RUPAYA Group Ltd. 2006, 2007, 2008 Web side http://www.rupayangroup.com REHAB publications. Customer Opinion. News paper, journals, and magazine.