Chapter 1: Rate of reaction 1. 10.0 cm of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium iodide is poured to 8 different test tubes.

Different volume of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate are added to each test tube. The height of precipitate formed in each test tube is measured. The graph 4 below is obtained when the height of precipitate is plotted against the volume of lead(II) nitrate solution. Height of precipitate/ cm

1 2

8 Graph 4

Volume of lead(II)nitrate / 3 cm

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(e) (f)

Name the precipitate formed. [1 mark] 3 3 10 cm of 1.0 mol dm-3 lead(II) nitrate is added to 10 cm of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium iodide solution. Estimate the height of the precipitate formed. [1 mark] Based on the above graph, what is the volume of lead(II) nitrate needed to completely react with sodium iodide solution? [1 mark] Calculate (i) the number of moles of sodium iodide in the reaction. [1 mark] (ii) the number of moles of lead(II) nitrate that has completely reacted with sodium iodide solution. [1 mark] Write the ionic equation for the formation of the precipitate. [ 1 mark ] The concentration of lead(II) nitrate is changed from 1.0 mol dm-3 to 2.0 mol dm-3 . Sketch the graph obtained on the above graph. [ 1 mark]
3

2. An experiment is carried out to study the decomposition of 25 cm temperature with the presence of manganese (IV) oxide as a catalyst. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 5 below.: Time/ s Volume of gas/ cm
3

of hydrogen peroxide

at room

0 0

30 17

60

90

120

150

180

(a) (b) (c) (b),

29 34 36 36 36 Table 5 Write the balance equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with the presence of catalyst. [1 mark] Draw a graph of volume of gas against time for the reaction. [3 marks] Based on the graph in calculate (i) the average rate of reaction in the first minute [1 mark] (ii) the rate of reaction at 60 seconds. [2 marks]

(d)

Based on the volume of oxygen gas released, calculate the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the experiment.. 3 (1 mol of gas occupies 24 000 cm at room temperature and pressure) [3 marks]

(e)

The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is very low. Based on the collision theory, explain how the presence of catalyst increases the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. [3 marks]

Answer Scheme
1.(a) (b) (c) (d) Lead(II) iodide 5 cm 3 5 cm (i) the number of mole of sodium iodide = 1 x 10.0 // 0.01 mol 1000 the number of mole of lead(II) nitrate = 1 x 5 // 0.005 mol 1000 + 2I PbI2 1 1 1

(ii)
2+

1 1

(e) (f)

Pb

5
1 2.5 5

2.

(a) (b) (c)

2H2O2 2H2O + O2 Graph: X axis and Y axis are labelled with unit Appropriate scale and consistence. All points are plotted correctly Smooth curve (i) (ii)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

29 0 3 -1 = 0.483 cm s 60 0
Tangent at the curve is shown. 3 -1 (accept 0.2 0.3) cm s

(d)

Number of mole of O2 = 1 mol O2 0.0015 mol O2

36 = 0.0015 mol 24000

2 mol H2O2 2(0.0015) mol H2O2 = 0.003 mol H2O2

Concentration of H2O2 (e)

= 0.003 x

1000 -3 = 0.12 mol dm 25

1 1 1 1

Catalyst/manganese(IV) oxide lowers the activation energy of hydrogen peroxide molecules The frequency of collision between hydrogen peroxide molecules increases The frequency of effective collision between hydrogen peroxide molecules increases