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Centrifugal Pump Calculation Spreadsheet


Introduction This spreadsheet can be used to specify centrifugal pumps - including assessing 'Net Positive Suction Head' (NPSH) and power requirements. The spreadsheet is split into the following sections - A "How to Use This Calculation" Worksheet - The Pump Calculation Worksheet itself. It is recommended that the user first reads the 'How to Use This Calculation' worksheet before starting a calculation.

Revision Rev. 1 Initial issue Rev. 1A Cosmetic changes only (spell checking & revised disclaimer)

12-Oct-09 15-Dec-09

Number of Velocity Cv = Y = 54.5 W

Disclaimer: This calculation provides an estimate for specifying pumps. We cannot be held responsible for its use. As with all areas of process engineering, calculations should be checked by a competent engineer.

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Centrifugal Pump Calculation Spreadsheet HOW TO USE THIS CALCULATION


1.0 Introduction

Revision 1A

This spreadsheet can be used to specify centrifugal pumps - in particular the 'Net Positive Suction Head' (NPSH) and the pump power requirements. The calculation is split into three worksheet. The key worksheet is the one entitled "Pump Calculation": in addition, there are two other worksheets which can be used to calculate the suction side and discharge side pressure drops - although these worksheets do not have to be used. The following colour coding is used in this calculation: Boxes shaded light green require a user input. Boxes shaded light blue give a calculated output.

2.0
2.1

Pump Calculation Worksheet


Pump Tag No. / Calculation Description
The spreadsheet leaves space to add an equipment tag number for the pump and a description of the calculation (or a description of the pump). Although these items are not strictly necessary, they help describe the calculation - this can be invaluable it is to be checked by another engineer.

2.2

Pump Details
The user enters the number of pumps operating and the pump speed. The number of pumps operating is 3 required to calculate the flow per pump. Thus if the flowrate is 100m /h and there are two pumps operating, 3 the flowrate per pump is 50m /h. The spreadsheet allows one of two pump speeds to be selected: 1750 rpm and 2900 rpm. This information is not strictly necessary (it's used to estimate the required NPSH which can be over written anyway).

2.3

Liquid Properties
The user inputs physical property data of the liquid and the operating temperature of the pump. 2.3.1 Viscosity The user enters the liquid viscosity in Centipoise (Cp). It should be noted that viscosity changes with temperature - thus the user must ensure that the viscosity value entered must be at the correct temperature. Density The user enters the liquid density in kg/m3. As with viscosity, the user should enter the density at the pump operating temperature. Vapour Pressure The user enters the liquid vapour pressure in bar absolute of the liquid. Again, this data should be at the pump operating temperature. As the vapour pressure is a strong function of temperature, it is important that the data is accurate. If in doubt, it is safer to over-estimate the liquid vapour pressure.

2.3.2

2.3.3

2.4

Flowrates
The user enters the total liquid flowrate in kg per hour. The spreadsheet then calculates the total volumetric flowrate (in m3/h and US gallons per minute), and the volumetric flowrate per pump (also in m3/h and US gallons per minute).

Disclaimer: This calculation provides an estimate for specifying pumps. We cannot be held responsible for its use. As with all areas of process engineering, calculations should be checked by a competent engineer.

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Centrifugal Pump Calculation Spreadsheet


2.5 Suction Side Hydraulics

Revision 1A

This section of the worksheet allows the user to enter data on the suction side of the pump. The calculation assumes that the pump is fed from a vessel upstream. This arrangement is shown in Figure 1 below.

Figure 1: Pump Suction Side Arrangement

Suction Vessel H2

Pump H1 Pump Centreline H3 Grade

2.5.1

Suction Vessel Operating Pressure The user enters the operating pressure of the Suction Vessel in bar absolute. For vessels open to the atmosphere, this will be atmospheric pressure (i.e. 1.013 bar(a)). However, the Suction Vessel may also be pressurised or under vacuum. It is important that the correct pressure is used - especially if the vessel is under vacuum. Elevation of Suction Vessel from Grade The user enters the elevation of the Suction Vessel above grade (or ground level) in metres - this is designated H1 in Figure 1. If the vessel is below grade, the value is negative. Vessel low liquid level The user enters the Suction Vessel low liquid level in metres - this is designated H2 in Figure 1. The Low Liquid Level should be the lowest operating liquid level in the vessel and should usually correspond to the low level trip / alarm, if the vessel is equipped with this. If not known, set this to zero. Pump centreline elevation from grade The user enters the elevation of the Pump Centreline Suction Vessel low liquid level in metres - this is designated as H3 in Figure 1. This piece of information depends on the pump design. The spreadsheet provides a typical figure which can be overwritten if better information is available. Static Pressure Low Liquid Level to Pump The spreadsheet calculates the static pressure difference between the Low Liquid Level and the centreline of the Pump (in metres). Suction Side Pressure Drop The user can enter the line losses between the Suction Vessel and the Pump (in bar). Pump Suction Pressure The spreadsheet calculates the pressure at the pump suction (in bar(a)).

2.5.2

2.5.3

2.5.4

2.5.5

2.5.6

2.5.7

Disclaimer: This calculation provides an estimate for specifying pumps. We cannot be held responsible for its use. As with all areas of process engineering, calculations should be checked by a competent engineer.

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Centrifugal Pump Calculation Spreadsheet


2.6 Discharge Side Hydraulics

Revision 1A

This section of the worksheet allows the user to enter data on the discharge side of the pump. The discharge side arrangement is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Pump Discharge Side Arrangement

Equipment Item Pump Pump Centreline Grade H4

Termination Point

2.6.1

Maximum Termination Pressure The user enters the Maximum Termination Pressure, in Barg. This is the pressure at the furthest point of the pumped circuit. Elevation of Terminal Point The user enters the elevation of the Termination Point, in metres. This is taken as the elevation difference between the pump centreline and the termination point. N.B. Usually, the pump discharge pressure is set by the pressure difference between the furthest point in the piped system and the pump. However, sometimes this is not the case. For example, if the termination point is much lower than other points in the system. The engineer should use their judgement to ensure that the discharge hydraulics are based on the genuine worst case when specifying the pump.

2.6.2

2.6.3

Discharge Side Pressure Drop The user can enter the line losses between the Pump and the Termination Point (in bar) - this should include pressure drops resulting from pipework, control valves, equipment and any other restrictions in the system. Pump Discharge Pressure The spreadsheet calculates the required pump discharge pressure.

2.6.4

2.7

Pump NPSH
If the pump suction pressure is too low, there is a danger that the liquid will boil. This causes cavitation and can result in loss of pumping power and possibly damaging the pump. This is avoided by ensuring that there is sufficient 'Net Positive Suction Head' (NPSH). Calculating the NPSH is a key element when specifying a pump. A more detailed discussion on pump cavitation and NPSH can be found via the following link. Pump NPSH

2.7.1

NPSH Required at the Pump Suction The NPSH required by the pump at a given flowrate can be obtained from the pump vendor. The spreadsheet does give an estimate of the NPSH but if vendor data is available this should be overwritten.

Disclaimer: This calculation provides an estimate for specifying pumps. We cannot be held responsible for its use. As with all areas of process engineering, calculations should be checked by a competent engineer.

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Centrifugal Pump Calculation Spreadsheet


2.7.2

Revision 1A

NPSH Safety Margin The user enters a safety margin to make allowance for uncertainties in the calculation. If the pump vendor data and the suction pipe routing is known, a safety margin of 0.6 metres is acceptable. For preliminary calculations, where the NPSH at the pump suction is estimated, the safety margin should be increased to at least 1.0 metres. Total NPSH Required This is the sum of the NPSH Required at the Pump Suction and the NPSH Safety Margin. Head at Pump Entry The spreadsheet calculates the head at the pump suction, taking into account the head at the Suction Vessel, the vessel to pump elevation difference and the suction side line loss. NPSH Available The spreadsheet calculates the NPSH at the pump suction. For the pump design to work correctly, the NPSH must be a positive number. The spreadsheet displays a warning if the NPSH is negative. A discussion of what to do if there is insufficient NPSH is given in Section 3.

2.7.3

2.7.4

2.7.5

2.8

Pump Design Data


2.8.1 Pump Differential Pressure The Pump Differential Pressure is calculated by the spreadsheet and is the pressure difference across the pump. Pump Differential Head The Pump Differential Head is calculated by the spreadsheet and is the Pump Differential Pressure expressed as a head. Estimated Pump Power Required The shaft power of the pump is affected by the pump efficiency. The pump power requirements (and the pump efficiency) will be provided by the vendor. However, during the early stages of the design, it may be necessary for the pump power to be estimated to provide provisional electrical load data. Estimated Pump Efficiency Except for very large pumps, the spreadsheet will provide an estimated pump efficiency which is used to calculate the pump power requirements. This value can be overwritten by the user, if more accurate data is known.

2.8.2

2.8.3

2.8.4

3.0

What to do if there is insufficient NPSH


Sometimes, the calculation will result in a negative NPSH - in other words, the design will probably not work. This is usually the result of a combination of: liquid close to its boiling point, pump suction lines that are too small, pump located too high relative to the suction vessel and / or specification of a pump will very high NPSH requirements. If there is insufficient NPSH, the following options can be considered:

3.1

Reduce the suction-side pressure drop


Is there an excessive pressure drop between the suction vessel and the pump? Typically, the suction side pressure drop should be well under 0.5 bar, with fluid velocities of 1m/s or less. If the pressure drop is too high, increase the suction line pipe diameter

Disclaimer: This calculation provides an estimate for specifying pumps. We cannot be held responsible for its use. As with all areas of process engineering, calculations should be checked by a competent engineer.

www.myChemE.com

Centrifugal Pump Calculation Spreadsheet


3.2 Reduce the pump speed

Revision 1A

High speed pumps will have a larger NPSH requirement than lower speed pumps. If the pump requires a NPSH greater than 3 to 4 metres, consider reducing the pump speed. The spreadsheet is set up with two typical pump speeds: 1750 rpm and 2900 rpm.

3.3

Raise the level of the Suction Vessel / Lower the level of the Pump
By increasing the height of the Suction Vessel relative to the pump, the NPSH available increases. For installed equipment, it may not be possible to relocate equipment. However, it may be possible to increase the minimum liquid level in the suction vessel.

Disclaimer: This calculation provides an estimate for specifying pumps. We cannot be held responsible for its use. As with all areas of process engineering, calculations should be checked by a competent engineer.

www.myChemE.com

Centrifugal Pump Calculation Spreadsheet


Revision 1A Pump Tag Number Calculation Description Number of Pumps Operating Pump Speed Liquid Properties Liquid Pumped: Temperature Density Viscosity Vapour Pressure Flowrates Total Mass Flow Total Volumetric Flow Total Volumetric Flow Volumetric Flow (per pump) Volumetric Flow (per pump) Suction Side Hydraulics Suction Vessel Operating Pressure Elevation of Suction Vessel from Grade Vessel low liquid level Pump centreline elevation from grade Static Pressure Low Liquid Level to Pump Suction Side Pressure Drop Pump Suction Pressure Discharge Side Hydraulics Maximum Termination Pressure Elevation of Terminal Point Discharge Side Pressure Drop Pump Discharge Pressure Pump NPSH NPSH Required at the Pump NPSH Safety Margin Total NPSH Required Head at Pump Entry NPSH Available Pump Design Data Pump Differential Pressure Pump Differential Head Estimated Pump Efficiency Estimated Pump Power Required See "How to Use This Calculation" Worksheet for notes on its use.

rpm

2 2900

degC kg/m3 cP bar(a) kg/h m3/h US gpm m3/h US gpm bar(a) m m m bar bar bar(a) bar(g) m bar bar(g) m m m m m bar m % kW

20 996.00 0.9 0.02 Vapour pressure at operating temperature 300,000 301.20 1326.16 150.6 663.1 1.01 1.3 0.0 0.7 0.06 0.00 1.07 1.00 22.1 - above pump centreline 0.00 3.16 5.1 1.0 6.1 10.9 10.8 Sufficient NPSH Available 3.10 31.8 69 18.92 N.B. This is power required per pump

Disclaimer: This calculation provides an estimate for specifying pumps. We cannot be held responsible for its use. As with all areas of process engineering, calculations should be checked by a competent engineer.

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