WQD10203: Technical Mathematics 2 Lecture 1: Lecturer: TRIGONOMETRY (sine and cosine curves) Norhayati binti Bakri (norhayatibakri@mfi.unikl.edu.

my) Elizabeth Soo Mee Tiing (elizabeth@mfi.unikl.edu.my ) Objective: To draw the sine and cosine curve To modify the basic sine and cosine curve

Week 1

To write the sine / cosine function given the amplitude, period and phase shift To write the sine / cosine function given the graph of sine / cosine function

1.

Graph of Sine Function y = sin x

X sinx

00

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

3300

3600

Characteristics of the graph of Sine Function

The period of the sine curve is 3600 or 2 radian The values of sine of the angle varies between -1 and 1 The maximum value reached is 1 when x=900 The minimum value reached is -1 when x=2700 The zeros are reached when x=00 , 1800 , 3600 There are four equal quadrants

norhayatibakri@mfi.unikl.edu.my | LECTURE 1-TRIGONOMETRY (curves)

2.

Graph of Cosine Function y = cos x

X cosx

00

300

600

900

1200

1500

1800

2100

2400

2700

3000

3300

3600

Characteristics of the graph of Cosine Function

The period of the cosine curve is 3600 or 2 radian The values of cosine of the angle varies between -1 and 1 The maximum value reached is 1 when x=00 , 3600 The minimum value reached is -1 when x=1800 The zeros are reached when x=900 , 2700 There are four equal quadrants

3.

Sine Curve and Cosine Curve in general The equation of the sine / cosine function is as follows:

y = a sin b (x c ) , y = a cos b (x c )
Effect of the constants: a , b and c Constant a: responsible in the stretching / compressing of the curve vertically Constant b: responsible in the stretching / compressing of the curve horizontally Constant c: responsible in the movement of the curve to the right / left

norhayatibakri@mfi.unikl.edu.my | LECTURE 1-TRIGONOMETRY (curves)

4.

Modifications of the Sine Curve and Cosine Curve Period: It is the length of the cycle

Given y = sin bx or y = cos bx The period is given by

P=

360 0 b

or

P=

2 b 1 x on the same set of axes. 2

Draw the graph of: y = sin x , y = sin 2x , y = sin Using the characteristics of the sine curve y 1

x 900 1800 2700 3600

-1

Using the tables of values Graph of: y = sin x , y = sin 2x , y = sin

1 x 2

y = sin x
x

y = sin 2x
x

y = sin

1 x 2
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Amplitude: It is the coefficient of the trigonometric function that represents the maximum yvalue of the curve. Given y = a sin x or y = a cos x Draw the graph of: y = cos x , y = 2cos x , y =

1 cos x on the same set of axes. 2

y 2

Using the characteristics of the sine curve

x 900 1800 2700 3600

-1

-2 Using the tables of values Graph of: y = cos x , y = 2cos x , y =

1 cos x 2

y = cos x
x

y = 2cos x
x

y=

1 cos x 2
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Draw the graph of: y = cos x , y = cos x on the same set of axes. Using the characteristics of the sine curve

x 900 1800 2700 3600

-1

Using the tables of values Graph of: y = cos x , y = 2cos x , y =

1 cos x 2

y = cos x
x

y = cos x

norhayatibakri@mfi.unikl.edu.my | LECTURE 1-TRIGONOMETRY (curves)

Phase Shift: It is the distance between two successive corresponding xintercepts of the curve and the out-of-phase curve

Given y = sin (x c ) or y = cos (x c ) Draw the graph of: y = cos x , y = cos (x + ) , y = cos (x ) on the same set of axes. Using the characteristics of the sine curve y 1

x 90
0

180

270

360

-1

Using the tables of values Graph of: y = cos x , y = cos (x + ) , y = cos (x )

y = cos x
x

y = cos (x + )
x

y = cos (x )

norhayatibakri@mfi.unikl.edu.my | LECTURE 1-TRIGONOMETRY (curves)

5.

Examples

Example 1: Write an equation of a cosine curve that has an amplitude of 7 and a period of 8 and a phase shift of -2 (ans: y = 7 cos

1 (x + 2) ) 4

Example 2: Write the equation of the sine curve that has the following graph

(ans: y = sin x + Example 3: Determine the amplitude, the period, the phase shift for the following function and draw one complete cycle of the graph

) 4

For more reading: VISIT: http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trigon http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trigonometry-index.html VISIT: http://www.purplemath.com/modules/

norhayatibakri@mfi.unikl.edu.my | LECTURE 1-TRIGONOMETRY (curves) TRIGONOMETRY