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  • 08 Asterisk On Embedded Systems

    Transféré par

    Stelios Koroneos
    50 vues18 pages
    An embedded system is a specialpurpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions. A generalpurpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today.

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    08 Asterisk on Embedded Systems

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    An embedded system is a specialpurpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions. A generalpurpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    50 vues18 pages

    08 Asterisk On Embedded Systems

    Transféré par

    Stelios Koroneos
    An embedded system is a specialpurpose computer system designed to perform one or a few dedicated functions. A generalpurpose computer, such as a personal computer, can do many different tasks depending on programming. Embedded systems control many of the common devices in use today.

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 18

    AsteriskonEmbeddedsystems

    SteliosS.Koroneos CEODigitalOPSiS

    AboutDigitalOPSiS

    BasedinAthens,Greece Specializesinembeddeddesign&opensourcesolutions ParticipatesandcontributesinmanyOpenSource projects

    Whatisanembeddedsystem?

    Wikipedia
    Anembeddedsystemisaspecialpurposecomputersystemdesignedtoperformone orafewdedicatedfunctions,oftenwithrealtimecomputingconstraints.Itisusually embeddedaspartofacompletedeviceincludinghardwareandmechanicalparts.In contrast,ageneralpurposecomputer,suchasapersonalcomputer,candomany differenttasksdependingonprogramming.Embeddedsystemscontrolmanyofthe commondevicesinusetoday.

    BenefitsofEmbeddedSystems

    Sincetheembeddedsystemisdedicatedtospecifictasks,designengineerscan optimizeit,reducingthesizeandcostoftheproduct,orincreasingthereliabilityand performance.Someembeddedsystemsaremassproduced,benefitingfrom economiesofscale.

    CharacteristicsofEmbeddedSystems

    Architecture RAM FLASH TDMHardware(analog,digitalBRI/PRI) ExternalStoragecapabilities

    Availableembeddeddesignstypesbasedonarchitectureused
    CPU(CISC/RISCbased) DSP Hybrid(cpu+dsp,cpu+cpu) ASIC(FPGAbased)

    AsteriskEmbeddedsystems

    AsteriskEmbeddedsystems

    Availableembeddeddesignstypesbasedonsoftwareused

    Linux

    Uclibc(12MBfootprint) Glibc(30+MBfootprint)

    uClinux FreeBSD

    TheGood

    Embeddeddesignsarebuildtotargetspecifictasks/markets SMBorSOHOmarkets 012TDMlines Upto30sipcalls Lowpowerconsumption 1030Wbasedondesignandnumberoflines Greenfootprint=lowerelectricitycosts=lowerTotalOwnershipCost Smallsize/Appliancelook NoproblemswithcustomersheythisPBXlookslikemyPC Reducedcost

    TheBad

    Mostembeddedsystemsare<1Ghz Storageislimitedinsizeandwriteendurance Developmentcomplexity Component/board/materialsourcing Certainapplicationsarenotsuitedforuseinanembeddeddesign

    TheUgly

    Developingsoftwareforanappliancerequirescrosscompiling(mostofthetimes) Changingplatformscanbringtothesurfaceobscurebugs Endiannessoraliment/accessissues LowleveldriversfortheTDMhardwaremightberequired Developmenttimeislongerandcostsarehigher

    Thingstowatch

    NotallCPUcorescreatedequal RISCfasterthanCISC(sameclock,sameRAMtype)butnotforalltasks* Asteriskisheavilythreaded.MMUisamust RAMMemorytype DDRis2to6timesfasterthanSDRAM Asteriskrequiresmediaprocessingcapabilities(echocancellation,codecs) FPUorDSPcapabilitieswillmakethingsgofaster

    Thingstowatch

    Optimization AvoidtheOnesizefitsallmentality Gccisnotaspeeddemon(unlessyoutweakboththecodeanditscommandline switches) CheckAsteriskMakefilestoenablesomeoptimization Embeddeddoesnotalwaysmeanlowcost

    Thelittle,dirty(tech)details

    Cachesizesaresmall(10K100K) CachethrashingisanissuewithAsterisk Cachecontrollersareratherlowend nodmasnooping FPU's(ifpresent)areusuallynotveryefficient Datasizeandalignment Increasednetworkirqtrafficduetosmallpacketsize irqswitchingtimepluscachethrashing NetworkisBIGENDIAN

    Selectingthehardwarecore

    Market(i.ecurrentlydeployedappliances)usemostlyDSP
    MypreferencePowerPC AMCC405orAMCC440 FastRISCcorewithgoodswitching,mmu BigEndian HasDSPinstructions 32bitMultiplyAccumulatein1cycle ReferenceDesignsavailablewithfxsports

    Selectingabuildsystem

    Mostexistingdistro'sarebasedonBuildRoot DSP'scanuseONLYuClinux(nommu) MypreferenceisOpenEmbedded Targetsbothglibcanduclibc Multiplatformsupport(x86,arm,powerpc,mips,xscale,sh) PackageManagementsystem

    WhichAsteriskversion?

    Asterisk1.2 Stablecanbetrickyincrosscompiling Needspatchesforuclibctargets Asterisk1.4 Easiertocrosscompile Smallermemoryfootprint Stabilityproblemsduetolargecodebasechanges. Asterisk1.6 Newbeast,stilltesting

    EmbeddedGUI

    CommonWebinterfacesuseLAMP(LinuxApachePhp) Embeddedtargetsneedlightweightwebinterface(shellscript,binaryforcgi,web serverisusuallybusybox'shttporboa) Perl,PHParetooresourceintensive(bothinsizeandcpu) ThereisnosilverbulletwhenitcomestoGUI

    Questions?

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