Measurement and observation on the sample a) Measurement of the area of the shear plane.

b) Other measurement: Record the features of the discontinuity before and after the loading of the shear force as the sketches or the photographs, if necessary. Fixing of the sample Q) How is the sample fixed? Shape and dimensions of the sample Q) Dimension of sample and contact area and persistence Number of the Samples Test Procedures Test procedure is as follows Preparations Q) How does it arrange the Sample? Loading of the normal force and shear force Q) Loading normal force and shear force Q) How does shear force apply to the sample and how to control normal force at t he same time? Q) How is the displacement for each force measured? Q) Do you know loading rate or displacement rate for each force? Q) How to end loading of the shear and normal force? Test Results Arrangement a) Calculation of normal and shear stresses- Obtain the normal stress and shear stress using the following formula sn=Pn/A, t=Ps/A Here, Ps, Pn and A are the shear force (N), normal force (N), and the area of sh ear surface before loading (mm2) b) Graphic representation of the process of shear loading: For each Sample teste d, draw diagrams showing the relation between the shear displacement and the she ar stress as well as the relation between the shear displacement and the normal displacement c) Graphic representation of the process of normal loading: Draw a diagram show ing the relation between the normal displacement and the normal stress in the pr ocess of normal loading d) Identification of the maximum shear strength: Identify the maximum shear stre ngth as the maximum of the shear stress in the process of shear loading e) Identification of the residual shear strength: Identify the residual shear st rength as the constant shear stress after passing the maximum shear strength in the process of shear loading

f) Graphic representation of the maximum and residual shear strengths: After the above-mentioned arrangements a)-e) for all samples, depict for the all test res ults the relation between the maximum shear strength and the normal stress as we ll as the relation between the residual shear strength and the normal stress g) Calculation of the angle of shear resistance and the cohesion. Reporting (should include following details) Samples a) Method of preparation b) Shape, size, and area of the shear surface c) Observation of the specimen (Properties and conditions of infilling, other fe atures, etc. It is desirable to attach a photograph) d) Fixing material: Material properties, strength, etc. Test results a) Test method (should answer previous questions in this document) b) Loading method

Describe the loading speed of normal and shear forces. If necessary, describe on sketches and photographs the shear direction and the history of shear deformati on in the past. c) Normal stress-normal displacement diagram, shear stress-shear displacement di agram and normal displacement-shear displacement diagram d) Maximum and residual shear strengths (Indicate the normal stress, normal disp lacement and shear displacement corresponding to each shear strength) e) Conditions of the discontinuity after fracture (Attach sketches or photograph s) f) Shear strength-normal stress diagram, angle of shear resistance and cohesion of the discontinuity Definitions Persistence: depicted in next figure. Roughness: Geometrical roughness on the surface of a discontinuity. Infilling: A material which is used to fill a gap created by a discontinuity. Residual shear strength: Constant value of shear stress after showing maximum sh ear strength. Angle of shear resistance: Inclination of Coulomb s failure line on the relationsh ip between normal stress and shear stress. Cohesion of rock joint: Y-Intercept of Coulomb s failure line on the relationship between normal stress and shear stress. Reference JGS 3821-2006 Einstein, H.H et al., 1983, The Effect of Discontinuity Persistence on Rock Slope Stability , Int. J. Rock. Min. Sci. Abstract. Vol. 20. No.5. pp. 227-236. R.C.K. Wong et al., 2007, Shear strength components of concrete under direct shea ring , Cement and Concrete Research, 37,pp. 1248 1256