The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2007

Feature Extraction of the Fabric Defects Image

Wang Jianxia Zheng Guang Ma Hongxia Qin Min
College of Information Science & Engineering, Hebei University of Science Technology ,Shijiazhuang
050054,China
Abstract: The feature extraction of the fabric defects image
is an important basis in the fabric defect identification. It
affects directly the efficiency and accuracy of the fabric
defects identification. The feature parameter should have
high sensitivity, independency and rapid operation, based on
this principle, the feature parameters of fabric defects are
extracted, which include the area of fabric defects, the
boundary perimeter, the center coordinate, the length of the
long and short axes, the shape parameter F and eccentricity
E. The experiment proved that the size and shape of fabric
defects can be identified and the position can be confirmed
based on these feature parameters.
Keywords: Fabric defects identification; feature extraction;
fabric defects; image processing.
1 Introduction
Fabric defect is an important factor affecting
the quality of productsCurrently, the artificial
off-line fabric defects are adopted in the most textile
enterprises in China . Because the biological,
psychological and other factors in the outside
environment, the artificial fabric defects is not only
low efficiency and the required accuracy could not
be achieved, but also it may cause fatigue, vision
loss, detection mistake, missing defect and so on.
With the rapid development of computer technology
and digital image processing technology, the
automatic fabric defect detection can be realized.
The fabric defects detection process based on
digital image processing technology includes image
acquisition, image analysis, feature extraction,
defect identification and classification. The feature
extraction and classification are its core
technologies. Fabric image feature extraction is to
find out a set of value describing the characteristics
of fabric defect, which can accurately reflect the
size, direction and position of fabric defects. These
parameters provide a basis for the identification and
classification of defects.
2 Feature Parameters Selection
of Fabric Defect Images
Selecting feature parameter is very important.
If feature parameters are not taken correctly,
classification is not very precise. However, if many
parameters are selected to describe the image
features, not only there are large amounts of
computation, but also there will be some duplication
content expressed by some parameters. So
parameters should be chosen carefully.
When we selected feature vectors from
Parameters extracted, the general method is based
on each kind of covariance matrix. In this method
eigenvectors and the corresponding eigenvalue are
selected in the transformed matrix. The
eigenvectors of the largest eigenvalue is the best
feature. We may take the few eigenvector from the
largest eigenvalue. These eigenvector is used to
replace the original parameters as the representative
of image feature, thus the mean square error is
minimum. This shows that the feature vector is
extracted to representative images with fewer
feature parameters if system recognition
performance is not obvious reduced.
The principle of choosing eigenvector:
[1]
(1) Reliability: the feature parameter has high
sensitivity corresponding to elements of the
eigenvector, the inaccurate detection are lower for
each parameter;
(2) Independence: eigenvector is independent
between various elements, the various feature
parameters show various characteristics;
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The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2007
(3) Few number: the number of eigenvector
should be little, which can make judgments fast and
little calculation.
The defect classification is mainly based on
defect shapes, in feature extracting, parameters
describing the shape feature are selected as the main
eigenvalues.
3 Feature Extraction of
Fabric Defects Image
The region describe of the fabric Defects
includes mainly the regional area, the border
perimeter, regional center and the length of long
and short axis and so on which show the general
situation in the region. The defect region size can be
determined from the border perimeter and the
regional area. Regional Center is a regional center
position in the actual cloth image, which is the basis
for positioning fabric defect.
3.1 regional area S
For the graphics regions of arbitrary shape, it
can be limited in a LXW rectangular area, as shown
in figure 1. The image gray value is shown in
formula (1). Scanning the whole region, in final
binary image, the regional area can be calculated by
summing up the total number of pixels of gray
value of "1.

(1)

R y x
R y x
y x f
, , 0
, , 1
,
3.2 boundary perimeter
After follow-profile image processing, we can
mark the image border with 1, the perimeter
boundary is calculated by summing the profile
pixels marked. A recursive traversal is begun at
random outline of a defect whose pixel value is
marked with 1. We Sum up all the number of pixel
marked with 1, the perimeter boundary can be
obtained by defect pixel value. The size of actual
perimeter can be calculated by the ratio between the
actual cloth and the size of image perimeter
boundary.
3.3 Regional center coordinate of fabric defects
Defect region center coordinates is refer to the
X-axis and Y-axis coordinates of center point inside
the Defect region. Center coordinates can transform
the actual defect position by the simple calculation.
Center coordinates algorithm is as follows: Along
the chain head node we sum up each pixel
coordinates of the X-axis and Y-axis, the two
results are divided by two separately and then
coordinates on individual defects have been
obtained.
3.4 length of long and short axis
Firstly the main axis direction of defect image
is obtained, it is the direction of the greatest length
and the smallest width. Then the length and width is
measured in relation to this main axis.
(1) The long axis length D
L
. According to the
outline chain of the regional and the regional
centers X and Y coordinates the straight-line
distance that the regional center to the other side of
pixels in contour line is calculated. D
L
is
predetermined as the longest distance, each
calculated results and DL are compared, and the
maximum length is the long axis length.
(2) The short axis length D
s
. after calculating
long axis, we draw a line cross the center and
perpendicular to the long axis. The length of Ds is
the distance between the center and the cross point
of the drawn line and regional contour line.
S
3.5 perimeter of defects shape described
Fig.1 regional area
The defect region parameters include the
regional perimeter, regional area, the center
coordinates, the length of long axis and short axis
and so on. The shape characteristics of the defects
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The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2007
region could not be seen only above parameters.
The shape parameter F, eccentricity E can be used
to describe the defect shape.
3.5.1 Shape parameter F
Shape parameter F is calculated based on the
regional perimeter and regional area, shown as
equation (2).
l
?
+S

2)
In equation (2), L is the perimeter of the fabric
defect. S is the regional area of the fabric defect.
When the fabric defect region is circle, the value of
F is 1.To the other shape fabric defect region, the
value of F is more than 1. When the fabric defect
region is circle, the value F reached smallest. To
digital images, it has been proved that the value F is
the minimum to positive octagon region by the four
connectivity calculation and the value F is the
minimum to positive diamond region by the eight
connectivity calculation
[2]
. But we can not
distinguish different shapes only relying on the F. If
F is close to 1, then the fabric defect is more
compact, more like a circle. Generally, such as the
cloth oil, holes and rust spots circular defect is close
to 1.
3.5.2 Eccentricity E
The eccentricity E (eccentricity) is known
elongation. It also describes the compactness of the
region in a certain extent.
[3]
Eccentricity E has a
variety of formulas to calculate. The most common
and simple method is to calculate ratio of length of
the long axis and length of the short axis. Although
this method is not good to resist noise, it is suitable
for the description of the shape of the defect and
near real-time applications because small
calculation.
Eccentricity E=D
L
/D
S
. E represents ratio of the
long axis and short axis.
The result E is closer to 1, defects have
become circular, or elliptical, the value E is greater,
defect region becomes more flat, even a straight line
with a certain width. In general, some defects such
as bamboo burl on clothes, the color line, the
missing longitude, the missing woof, and so on , the
value E is far bigger than 1.
4 Experimental and Simulation
Some experimental results of defect images are
given in Table 1.
Table 1 testing result of the first group (the feature parameter unit: pixel, time: ms)
uumt
defect
\ Y S l D DS l
Totu'
t`m T
combine leap 8 !?8 !?! 3?9 3.+ + ! . ?8
long bamboo burl 33? 8? !339 9b ?3.9 bb3 9 3.b 3?
red line !8b 0 b9b !3b ?.9 3++ + 8b +!
blue line ?0! ?9 8? +0+3 !3.+b +0+ b b.3 33
woof reduction !3 9 !+? 3 ?.!8 0 + !. !8
oil bloom ??! 8 !0? !03b 0.8 38 ?? !.3 ?9
oil point !09 !+ +b !93+ 9.b? !08 3! 3.+8 ?
The results show roughly the type of defect in
table 1. Because defects their characteristics, such
as oil bloom type defects is close to the circle, shape
parameter F is relatively small, the woof reduction
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The Eighth International Conference on Electronic Measurement and Instruments ICEMI2007
is also small, they are tight defect types. To other
flat and long defects, the shape parameter F and
eccentricity E is larger, to linear defects such as
bamboo, the color lines, and so on, the value E is
especially larger. In general, the mean square error
of eight data is smaller, the defects shape become
more circle. Conversely, the larger is the mean
square error, the greater is the change of the defects
outline, such as linear defects bamboo.
5 Conclusion
Automatic fabric defect recognition technology
has broad applications in the textile industry
prospects, but it has not been application in reality
yet, because technology is not perfect, higher error
rate, the less accurate. The experiments proved that
the type of defect can be identified by calculating
and analyzing the defect data. However, it is
difficult distinguish similar defects such as blue line,
red line, bamboo burl ,and so on, because the color
information has been lost in gray image ,these
defects can not be identified only by the shape of
defect .
Reference
[1] Chen Junjie, Xie Chunping. Fabric Defect Detection
Technique Based on Neural Network. Journal of Textile
Research. Vol. 27,No.4.,2006
[2] Yuan Duanlei , Lu Liping ,SONG Yinmao. Recent Studies
on Automatic Fabric Defect Detection Technique. Journal
of zhengzhou university of light industry(Natural Science).
Vol. 20,No.3,2005
[3] Gao Xiaoding, Wang Chenglong , ZUO He , LIANG Jichao.
Fabric Blemish Detection Based on Attributed Relational
Histogram. Journal of Textile Research.vol.26, No.2, 2005
[4] Gao Bin, Gao Xiaoding. Fabric Blemish Detection based on
Support Vector Machine. Aeronautical Computer
Technique.vol.35, No.3, 2005
[5] Wang Chenglong, Li Jing, Gao Xiaoding. Realization of
High-efficient Identification Algorithm of Fabric Defects.
Cotton Textile Technology. vol.32, No.6,2004
Author Biography
Wang jianxia (1970-), female, is a associate professor of
Hebei University of Science and Technology. She graduated
from Hebei University of science &Technology with
specialty of Electrical Engineering in 1994, gained master
degree from Yanshan University of Technology in 2003. She
has published three books, over 20 Journal papers. Her
research interests are in network and database application.
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