ABSTRACT

The study of microcontroller based temperature controller is an essential part for all engineers involved in the use of microcontroller in measurement and control systems. Temperature measurement and control are vital in many industrial processes. Accurate control of the temperature is essential in nearly all chemical processes. In some applications, an accuracy of around 5 to 10 degree Celsius may be expectable. There are also some industrial applications which require better than +-1 degree Celsius accuracy. Temperature censures co9me in many different forms and the number of techniques have evolved for the measurement of the temperature. There are new forms of censures which require no contact with the medium whose temperature is to be censed the majority of censures is still required to touch the solid, liquid, or the gas whose temperature is to be measured. Four technologies are currently in use: thermocouples (TCs), thermistors, resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), and IC censures.

CONTENTS

Introduction Block Diagram Circuit Diagram PCB Layout Working of Circuit Component Description Micro Controller ADC LM 35 ULN 2003 LCD Crystal Oscillators Voltage Regulator Relay Other Components Used Applications Further Modifications References Appendix

INTRODUCTION
To monitor the real time temperature for remote area has became a major concern in many fields particularly in controlling the switch which is the temperature controller. The main aim of the project is to develop a system, which can be used for real time applications. The real time temperature control switch are used to control some devices depending on the predefine temperature. The current temperature of the place is continuously monitored by the micro controller through the temperature censor. If the current temperature of the place excides the certain value which is stored in the EEPROM of the micro controller than the microcontroller will sends the signal to relay to operate where some devices connected. As the relay operates the status is displayed on the LCD.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

Microcontroller Temperature Sensor 8051

LCD

ADC

ULN2003

Relay

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PCB LAYOUT

WORKING OF CIRCUIT
This circuit measures temperature in Celsius scale and displays it on an alphanumeric LCD screen. When temperature rise to 50 C a relay is activated which may be used to drive a fan to keep the temperature a level. The brain of this circuit is 8052 microcontroller.LM35 is a 3 pin chip which is easily available in TO-92 package. Lm35 sense temperature from 0-100 C but it gives analogue output the microcontroller does not understand analogue data, so ADC0804 (analogue to digital converter) is used to convert it to digital form. This digital data is given to port 1 of microcontroller.(see the circuit diagram) this data is processed by microcontroller and temperature is displayed on LCD connected to port 2 .the control pins of LCD are connected to port 0.port 0also control the relay. The ULN2003 chip is used to drive the relays because the microcontroller pins dont have enough current to drive them. So relays cant be connected to microcontroller pins directly further more the relays are inductive load and reverse current is generated in them. Pin 1-7 are the inputs and 6-16 are respective outputs. Pin 8 is ground and pin 9 is connected to the output of 7805 voltage regulator. The 7805 voltage regulator drives rest of the circuit. The relay connected to pin 13 of ULN2003 turns on when temp rises above 50C so connect the fan to this relay.

MICROCONTROLLER- AT89C51
The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmels high-density non-volatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

PIN DIAGRAM

PIN DESCRIPTION
VCC Supply voltage. +5.0V GND Ground. Port 0 Port 0 is an 8-bit open-drain bi-directional I/O port. As an output port, each pin can sink eight TTL inputs. When 1s are written to port 0 pins, the pins can be used as high impedance Inputs. Port 0 may also be configured to be the multiplexed low order address/data bus during accesses to external program and data memory. In this mode P0 has internal pull-ups. Port 0 also receives the code bytes during Flash programming, and outputs the code bytes during program verification. External pull-ups are required during program verification. Port 1 Port 1 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 1 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 1 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pull-ups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during Flash programming and verification. Port 2 Port 2 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 2 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the internal pullups. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external program memory and during accesses to external data memory

that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @ DPTR). In this application, it uses strong internal pull-ups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external data memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @ RI), Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the highorder address bits and some control signals during Flash programming and verification. Port 3 Port 3 is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-ups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/source four TTL inputs. When 1s are written to Port 3 pins they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally being pulled low will source current (IIL) because of the pull-ups. RST Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device. ALE/PROG Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during Flash programming. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6 the oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALEpulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory. If desired, ALE operation can be disabled by setting bit 0 of SFR location 8EH. With the bit set, ALE is active only during a MOVX or MOVC instruction. Otherwise, the pin is weakly pulled high. Setting the ALE-disable bit has no effect if the microcontroller is in external execution mode. PSEN Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory. When the AT89C51 is executing code from external program memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external data memory. EA/VPP External Access Enable. EA must be strapped to GND in order to enable the device to fetch code from external program memory locations starting at 0000H up to FFFFH. Note, however, that if block bit 1 is programmed, EA will be internally latched on reset. EA should be strapped to VCC for internal program

executions. This pin also receives the 12-volt programming enable voltage (VPP) during Flash programming, for parts that require 12-volt VPP. XTAL1 Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. XTAL2 Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier.

BLOCK DIAGRAM (AT89C51)

OTHER COMPONENT USED

RESISTORS:
2 Resistors 220 ohm 4 Resistors 10k ohm 2 Resistors 1k ohm

CAPACITORS:
Electrolytic 470micro f Electrolytic 10micro f 2 Ceramic 33pf 2 Multilayer 0.1p f

SEMICONDUCTORS:
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 IN4007 Rectifier diode

MISCELLANEOUS:
S1 Reset switch

APPLICATIONS:
Typical applications include: GSM based telemetry system. It can be used to operate fans at a particular temperature for a circuit. Frozen/refrigerator food cases. Compressor lockout (disables compressor when temperature exceeds limits) Beverage/milk coolers. Condenser fan cycling. Boiler control. Pump control (cooling towers). Space and return air temperature control. Immersion sensing for actuation of hot water and steam valves in heating applications.

FURTHER MODIFICATION:
This project can be further modified to be used in various aspects such as GSM based temperature measurement system. In GSM based temperature measurement system, the real time temperature controlled switches are used to control some devices depending on the predefined temperature. The current temperature of the place is continuously monitored by the microcontroller through the temperature sensor. If the current temperature of the place exceeds the certain value which is stored in the EEPROM of the microcontroller then the microcontroller will sends the signal to the relay to operate where some devices connected. As the relay operates the status is displayed on the LCD as well as it is sending an SMS message to the authorized person using GSM module .So that the authorized person is always known the status of that place. Even he wants to monitor at any time he can send an SMS to the system by sending user ID then the system will read this SMS and sends the status of the place.

References:
8051 by mazidi and mazidi. All datasheet from www.datasheetcatalog.com About AT89C52 from www.atmel.com And www.triidia.co.in About LM35 from www.dalas.com About ULN2003 from www.alldatasheets.com