CONTEXT 4 AIR

EXPERIMENT 6 EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON RATE OF REACTION

INTRODUCTION
Chemical reactions occur at different rates. Many chemical reactions are fast (an explosion) whereas others are relatively slow (rusting of iron). Chemists study the factors that affect the rates of reaction in order to be able to control those reaction rates and so produce substances at convenient speeds. In this experiment we will investigate how concentration affects the rate of reaction between thiosulfate (S2O32) and acid to form a precipitate of sulfur. The equation is: S2O32(aq) + 2H+(aq)

H2O( l ) + SO2(aq) + S(s)

As the precipitate of sulfur forms it obscures a cross drawn on lter paper placed under the reaction ask and the rate of reaction can be measured. The faster the reaction, the less time it takes for the cross to disappear.

AIM
(Complete in your own words.) ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

SAFETY
Safety glasses must be worn. Hydrochloric acid is an irritant. Wear goggles and avoid contact with skin. Wash with water should contact occur.

EQUIPMENT

200 mL 0.25 mol L1 sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) 50 mL 2 mol L1 hydrochloric acid (HCl) measuring cylinder (10 mL and 50 mL) piece of white paper with pencil cross marked on it

distilled water 250 mL conical ask stopwatch

PROCEDURE
1 2 3 4 Measure 50 mL sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution and pour into a 250 mL conical ask. Place the ask over the cross marked on white paper. Measure 5 mL hydrochloric acid (HCl) and add to the ask, starting the stopwatch at the same time. Swirl the ask to ensure mixing. Time how long it takes for the cross to disappear when viewed from directly above. Record your results in the data table. Repeat the procedure using approximately 40 mL, 30 mL, 20 mL and 10 mL of the sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution made up to a total volume of 50 mL with distilled water as shown below:
Volume sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) (mL) 40 30 20 10 Volume distilled water (mL) 10 20 30 40

Copyright 2006 McGraw-Hill Australia. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

CONTEXT 4 AIR

RESULTS
Volume Na2S2O3 (mL) 50 40 30 20 10 Volume distilled water (mL) 0 10 20 30 40 Total volume of solution (mL) 0 0 0 0 0 Conc. Na2S2O3 after mixing (mol L1) 0.227

Time (s)

1/time

OBSERVATIONS
___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

QUESTIONS
1 2 3 Calculate the concentration of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) in each experiment and insert the value into the data table. 1 Calculate ____ and complete the data table. time 1 Plot a graph of ____ against sodium thiosulfate concentration. time

Copyright 2006 McGraw-Hill Australia. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

CONTEXT 4 AIR

What effect does changing the concentration of sodium thiosulfate have on the rate of reaction? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

What would be the effect of doubling the sodium thiosulfate concentration on the time taken? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Using the graph above suggest a mathematical relationship between temperature and rate.

Suggest what is happening at the molecular level to cause the observed changes in reaction rate. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

Source: Debra Smith, Conquering Chemistry Preliminary Course Blackline Masters, McGraw-Hill Australia, 2003.

Copyright 2006 McGraw-Hill Australia. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.