REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY REGULATION (CASR)

PART 69

AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES PERSONNEL LICENSING, RATING, TRAINING AND PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

LAMPIRAN PERATURAN MENTERI PERHUBUNGAN NOMOR : KM 12 TAHUN 2009 TANGGAL : 16 FEBRUARI 2009

CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY REGULATION (C.A.S.R.)

PART 69

AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES PERSONNEL LICENSING, RATING, TRAINING AND PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS

REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION

TABLE OF CONTENT
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SUBPART 69.A GENERAL RULES CONCERNING CONTROLLER LICENCE 69.001 69.002 69.003 69.004 69.005 69.006 69.007 69.008 69.009 69.010 69.011 69.012 69.013 69.014 69.015 69.016 69.017 69.018 69.020 69.021 69.022 69.023 69.024 69.025 Applicability of this Part Definitions Licensing of Foreign Air Traffic Controller Authority to act as an air traffic controller Method of rendering a licence valid Privileges of the holder of a licence Medical fitness Validity of licence and ratings Decrease in medical fitness Use of psychoactive substances

TO

AIR

TRAFFIC

Approved training and approved training organization Language proficiency Requirements for Licences, ratings and authorization Expired licences and Reissuance Change of name Replacement of lost or destroyed licences Operations during Medical Deficiency ATC Logbooks Change of Address Test and Re-test after failure Control time limitation, duty periods and rest periods Student Air Traffic Controller Temporary ATS Personnel Certificate Safety Oversight Audits
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69.026 69.027

ATS Personnel Licensing and Ratings Examiner Navigational Equipment Technician

SUBPART 69.B AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER LICENCE 69.028 69.029 69.030 69.031 Age Knowledge Experience Medical fitness

SUBPART 69.C AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER RATINGS 69.032 69.033 69.034 Categories of air traffic controller ratings Requirements for air traffic controller ratings Privileges of the holder of the air traffic controller rating(s) and the conditions to be observed in exercising such privileges.

SUBPART 69.D AERONAUTICAL STATION OPERATOR LICENCE 69.035 69.036 69.037 General Requirements for the issue of the licence Privileges of the aeronautical station operator and the conditions to be observed in exercising such privileges

SUBPART 69.E SPECIFICATIONS FOR PERSONNEL LICENCES 69.038 69.039 69.040 69.041 The following details of the Licence Material Language Arrangement of items

SUBPART 69.F MEDICAL ASSESSMENT FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER

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69.042 69.043

General Requirements for Class 3 Medical Assessment

SUBPART 69.G TRAINING AND PROFICIENCY REQUIREMENTS 69.044 69.045 69.046 69.047 69.048 69.049 60.050 69.051 APPENDIX 1 General Formal Training On-The-Job Training Proficiency Training Management Training Familiarization Flights ATC Simulators Training Other ATC training requirements GUIDLINES USED FOR PROFICIENCY TRAINING ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PROFICIENCY IN LANGUAGE USED FOR RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION (Subpart A, 69.011, refers) APPENDIX C APPROVED TRAINING ORGANIZATION ICAO LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY RATING SCALE

APPENDIX 2

APPENDIX 3

ATTACHMENT A

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Subpart 69.A
69.001

General Rules Concerning To Air Traffic Controller Licence

Applicability of this Part 1. This part prescribes the requirements for issuing Air Traffic Controller Licence and Ratings, the conditions under which those licence and ratings are necessary, and the privileges and limitations of those licences and ratings. However, this Part does not apply to a person who is providing an air traffic control services in the course of his or her duties for the Defense Force.

2.

69.002

Definitions When the following terms are used in the Standards and Recommended Practices for Licence and Ratings for Air Traffic Controller and Aeronautical Station Operator Licence, they have the following meanings: Accredited medical conclusion. The conclusion reached by one or more medical experts acceptable to the Licensing Authority for the purposes of the case concerned, in consultation with flight operations or other experts as necessary. Aeroplane. A power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under given conditions of flight. Aircraft. Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earths surface. Airmanship. The consistent use of good judgement and well developed knowledge, skills and attitudes to accomplish flight objectives. Approved training. Training conducted under special curricula and supervision approved by a Contracting State that, in the case of flight crew members, is conducted within an approved training organization. Approved training organization. An organization approved by DGCA in accordance with the requirements of CASR Part 143 to perform flight crew training and operating under the supervision of that State. ATS surveillance service. A term used to indicate a service provided directly by means of an ATS surveillance system. ATS surveillance system. A generic term meaning variously, ADS-B, PSR, SSR or any comparable ground-based system that enables the identification of aircraft.
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Note. A comparable ground-based system is one that has been demonstrated, by comparative assessment or other methodology, to have a level of safety and performance equal to or better than monopulse SSR. Competency. A combination of skills, knowledge and attitudes required to perform a task to the prescribed standard. Competency element. An action that constitutes a task that has a triggering event and a terminating event that clearly defines its limits, and an observable outcome. Competency unit. A discrete function consisting of a number of competency elements. Credit. Recognition of alternative means or prior qualifications. Error. An action or inaction by an operational person that leads to deviations from organizational or the operational persons intentions or expectations. Error management. The process of detecting and responding to errors with countermeasures that reduce or eliminate the consequences of errors and mitigate the probability of further errors or undesired aircraft states. Flight plan. Specified information provided to air traffic services units, relative to an intended flight or portion of a flight of an aircraft. Human performance. Human capabilities and limitations which have an impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. Licensing Authority. Sub Directorate of Air Traffic Management, DGCA. Note. In the provisions of this Part, the Licensing Authority is deemed to have been given the following responsibilities by the DGCA: a) assessment of an applicants qualifications to hold a licence or rating; b) issue and endorsement of licences and ratings; c) designation and authorization of approved persons; d) approval of training courses; e) approval of the use of flight simulation training devices and authorization for their use in gaining the experience or in demonstrating the skill required for the issue of a licence or rating; and f) validation of licences issued by other DGCA.

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Likely. In the context of the medical provisions in Subpart 69.E, likely means with a probability of occurring that is unacceptable to the medical assessor. Medical Assessment. The evidence issued by a DGCA that the licence holder meets specific requirements of medical fitness. Medical assessor. A physician qualified and experienced in the practice of aviation medicine who evaluates medical reports submitted to the Licensing Authority by medical examiners. Medical examiner. A physician with training in aviation medicine and practical knowledge and experience of the aviation environment, who is designated by the Licensing Authority to conduct medical examinations of fitness of applicants for licences or ratings for which medical requirements are prescribed. Night. The hours between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight or such other period between sunset and sunrise, as may be prescribed by the appropriate authority. Note. Civil twilight ends in the evening when the centre of the suns disc is 6 degrees below the horizon and begins in the morning when the centre of the suns disc is 6 degrees below the horizon. Performance criteria. Simple, evaluative statements on the required outcome of the competency element and a description of the criteria used to judge whether the required level of performance has been achieved. Problematic use of substances. The use of one or more psychoactive substances by aviation personnel in a way that: a) constitutes a direct hazard to the user or endangers the lives, health or welfare of others; and/or b) causes or worsens an occupational, social, mental or physical problem or disorder. Psychoactive substances. Alcohol, opioids, cannabinoids, sedatives and hypnotics, cocaine, other psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and volatile solvents, whereas coffee and tobacco are excluded. Quality system. Documented organizational procedures and policies; internal audit of those policies and procedures; management review and recommendation for quality improvement. Rated air traffic controller. An air traffic controller holding a licence and valid ratings appropriate to the privileges to be exercised.

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Rating. An authorization entered on or associated with a licence and forming part thereof, stating special conditions, privileges or limitations pertaining to such licence. Rendering (a licence) valid. The action taken by a DGCA, as an alternative to issuing its own licence, in accepting a licence issued by any other Contracting State as the equivalent of its own licence. Significant. In the context of the medical provisions in Subpart 69.E, significant means to a degree or of a nature that is likely to jeopardize flight safety. Threat. Events or errors that occur beyond the influence of an operational person, increase operational complexity and must be managed to maintain the margin of safety. Threat management. The process of detecting and responding to threats with countermeasures that reduce or eliminate the consequences of threats and mitigate the probability of errors or undesired aircraft states. 69.003 Licensing of Foreign Air Traffic Controller. A person who is not an Indonesian citizen shall be issued a licence under this part, unless when the Director General finds that the air traffic controller licence is needed for the ATS operations of an Indonesian FIR. 69.004 Authority to act as an air traffic controller. 1. A person shall not act as an air traffic controller unless a valid licence is held showing compliance with the specifications of this Part and appropriate to the duties to be performed by that person. The holder of a valid licence shall maintains competency and meets the requirements for recent experience established by Director General. The licence shall have been issued by the Director General or by any other Contracting State and rendered valid by Director General.

2.

3.

69.005

Method of rendering a licence valid. 1. When a Directorate General of Civil Aviation renders valid a licence issued by another Contracting State, as an alternative to the issuance of its own licence, it shall establish validity by suitable authorization to be carried with the former licence accepting it as the equivalent of the latter. The validity of the authorization shall not extend beyond the period of validity of the licence.

2.

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69.006

Privileges of the holder of a licence. Director General not permit the holder of licence to exercise privileges other than those granted by that licence.

69.007

Medical fitness. 1. An applicant for an air traffic controller licence shall, when applicable, hold a medical assessment (class 3) issued in Subpart 69.F Medical Assessment for Air Traffic Controller. The period of validity of a medical assessment has begin on the day the medical examination is performed. The period of validity of a medical assessment may be extended, at the discretion of the Licensing Authority, up to 45 days. except as provided in 69.006, air traffic controller shall not exercise the privileges of their licence unless they hold a current Medical Assessment appropriate to the licence. Director General has designate medical examiners, qualified and licensed in the practice of medicine, to conduct medical examinations of fitness of applicants for the issue or renewal of the licence or ratings. a. Medical examiners shall have received training in aviation medicine and shall receive refresher training at regular intervals. Before designation, medical examiners shall demonstrate adequate competency in aviation medicine. Medical examiners shall have practical knowledge and experience of the conditions in which the holders of licences and ratings carry out their duties.

2.

3.

4.

b.

5.

Applicants for licence or ratings for which medical fitness is prescribed shall sign and furnish to the medical examiner a declaration stating whether they have previously undergone such an examination and, if so, the date, place and result of the last examination. They shall indicate to the examiner whether a Medical Assessment has previously been refused, revoked or suspended and, if so, the reason for such refusal, revocation or suspension. a. Any false declaration to a medical examiner made by an applicant for a licence or rating shall be reported to the Director General for such action as may be considered appropriate.

6.

Having completed the medical examination of the applicant in accordance subpart 69.F, the medical examiner shall coordinate the results of the examination and submit a signed report, or equivalent to the Licensing Authority, in accordance with its requirements,
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detailing the results of the examination and evaluating the findings with regard to medical fitness. a. If the medical report is submitted to the Licensing Authority in electronic format, adequate identification of the examiner shall be established. If the medical examination is carried out by two or more medical examiners, DGCA will appoint one of these to be responsible for coordinating the results of the examination, evaluating the findings with regard to medical fitness, and signing the report.

b.

7.

DGCA will use the services of medical assessors to evaluate reports submitted to the Licensing Authority by medical examiners. a. The medical examiner shall required to submit sufficient medical information to the Licensing Authority to enable the DGCA to audit Medical Assessments.

8.

If the medical Standards prescribed in subpart 69.F for a particular licence are not met, the appropriate Medical Assessment shall not be issued or renewed unless the following conditions are fulfilled: a. accredited medical conclusion indicates that in special circumstances the applicants failure to meet any requirement, whether numerical or otherwise, is such that exercise of the privileges of the licence applied for is not likely to jeopardize aviation safety; relevant ability, skill and experience of the applicant and operational conditions have been given due consideration; and the licence is endorsed with any special limitation or limitations when the safe performance of the licence holders duties is dependent on compliance with such limitation or limitations.

b.

c.

9.

Medical confidentiality shall be respected at all times. a. All medical reports and records shall be securely held with accessibility restricted to authorized personnel. When justified by operational considerations, the medical assessor shall determine to what extent pertinent medical information is presented to relevant officials of the Licensing Authority.

b.

69.008

Validity of licence and ratings 1. duration of licence for air traffic controller in this Part is 2 (two) years and duration of ratings for air traffic controller in this Part is 6 (six)
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months. The holder shall maintains competency, current ATC Simulator relating the ratings and meets the requirements for recent experience established by DGCA. 2. DGCA ensure that other Contracting States are enable to be satisfied as to the validity of the licence. A medical assessment issued in accordance with 69.007.5, and 6. is valid from the date of the medical examination for a period not greater than 12 months. a. The period of validity of a medical assessment may be reduced when clinically indicated. When the holder of air traffic controller licence have passed their 50th birthday, the period of validity specified in 3. shall be reduced to 6 (six) months. When the holder of air traffic controller licence have passed their 60th birthday, the period of validity specified in 3. shall be reduced to 3 (three) months. Note. The period of validity listed above are based on the age of the applicant at the time of undergoing the medical examination. 69.009 Decrease in medical fitness 1. Holder of licence provided for in this Part shall not exercise the privileges of their licence and related ratings at any time when they aware of any decrease in their medical fitness which might render them unable to safely and properly exercise these privileges. Licence Holder should inform the Licensing Authority of confirmed pregnancy or any decrease in medical fitness of a duration of more than 20 days or which requires continued treatment with prescribed medication or which has required hospital treatment.

3.

b.

c.

2.

69.010

Use of psychoactive substances 1. Holder of licence provided for in this Part shall not exercise the privileges of their licence and related ratings while under the influence of any psychoactive substance which might render them unable to safely and properly exercise these privileges. Holder of licence provide for in this Part shall not engage in any problematic use of substances.

2.

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69.011

Approved training and approved training organization 1. Approved training shall provide a level of competency at least equal to that provided by the minimum experience requirements for personnel not receiving such approved training. The approval of a training organization by a State shall be dependent upon the applicant demonstrating compliance with the requirements of CASR Part 143.

2.

69.012

Language proficiency 1. Air traffic controllers and aeronautical station operators shall demonstrate the ability to speak and understand the language used for radiotelephony communications. As of 5 March 2008, air traffic controllers and aeronautical station operators shall demonstrate the ability to speak and understand the language used for radio telephony communications to the level specified in the language proficiency requirements in Appendix 2. As of 5 March 2008, the language proficiency of air traffic controllers and aeronautical station operators who demonstrate proficiency below the Expert Level (Level 6) shall be formally evaluated at intervals in accordance with an individuals demonstrated proficiency level. The language proficiency of air traffic controllers and aeronautical station operators who demonstrate proficiency below the Expert Level (Level 6) should be formally evaluated at intervals in accordance with an individuals demonstrated proficiency level, as follows: a. those demonstrating language proficiency at the Operational Level (Level 4) should be evaluated at least once every three years; and those demonstrating language proficiency at the Extended Level (Level 5) should be evaluated at least once every six years. 1) Formal evaluation is not required for applicants who demonstrate expert language proficiency, e.g. native and very proficient non-native speakers with a dialect or accent intelligible to the international aeronautical community.

2.

3.

4.

b.

69.013

Requirements for Licences, ratings and authorization 1. Air Traffic Controller Licence. No person may act as an air traffic controller or in any other capacity as a required air traffic controller of Republic of Indonesia unless he has in his personal possession a current air traffic controller licence issued to him under this part.
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However, when the ATC personnel is working within a foreign country a current air traffic controller licence issued by the country in which their work. 2. Air Traffic Controller Licence : Foreign people. No person may act as an air traffic controller within the Republic of Indonesia or in any other capacity as a required air traffic controller unless he has in his personal possession a current air traffic controller licence issued to him under this part, or an air traffic controller licence issued to him or validated for him by the country in which their work. Medical certificate. No person may act as an air traffic controller or in any other capacity as a required air traffic controller under a licence issued to him under this part, unless he has in his personal possession an appropriate, current medical certificate issued. Ratings. No person may act as an air traffic controller or in any other capacity as a required air traffic controller unless he holds air traffic control ratings issued under this Part. Inspection of licence. Each person who holds an air traffic controller licence required by this part shall present it for inspection upon request of the Director General or his authorized representative.

3.

4.

5.

69.014

Expired licences and Reissuance 1. No person who holds an expired air traffic controller licence or ratings may exercise the privileges of that air traffic controller licence or ratings. A licence without an expiration date is issued to the holder of the expired licence only if he meets the requirements of subpart 69.B.

2.

69.015

Change of name An application for the change of a name on a licence issued under this part must be accompanied by the applicants current licence and a copy of the marriage licence, court order, or other document verifying the change, and a check giro or post wesel for the cost of the revised licence, payable to the DGAC. The accompanying documents will be returned to the applicant after inspection.

69.016

Replacement of lost or destroyed licences 1. An application for the replacement of a lost or destroyed licence issued under this part is to be made to the DGCA, Directorate of Air Navigation. a. State the name of the person to whom the licence was issued, the permanent mailing address, date and place of birth of the
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licence holder, and any available information regarding the grade, number, and date of issue of the licence, and the rating on it; and b. 2. Police report from the local police office.

An application for the replacement of a lost or destroyed medical certificate shall be made by letter to the DGCA and Aviation Medical Center.

69.017

Operations during Medical Deficiency No person may act as an air traffic controller, or in any other capacity as a required air traffic controller while he has a known medical deficiency, or increase of a known medical deficiency, that would make him unable to meet the requirements for his current medical certificate.

69.018

Air Traffic Controller Logbooks 1. The aeronautical training and experience used to meet the requirements for a licence or rating, or the recent experience requirements of this part must be shown by a reliable record. The logging of other control time is not required. Logbook entries. Each air traffic controller shall enter the following information for each duty or lesson logged: a. General. 1) Date 2) Total time of control 3) Air Traffic Control Unit 4) Sector or controller working position b. c. Type of ratings duty time 1) duty morning 2) duty noon 3) duty night

2.

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3.

Presentation of logbook a. An air traffic controller must present his logbook ( or other record required by this Part) for inspection upon reasonable request by the Director General or his authorized representative. A student air traffic controller or ATC on the job training must carry his logbook (or other record required by this Part), as evidence of the required instructor clearances and endorsements.

b.

69.019

Change of Address The holder of an air traffic controller licence who has made a change in his permanent mailing adress may not after 30 days from the date he moved, exercise the privileges of his licence unless he has notified in writing the DGCA of his new address.

69.020

Test and Re-test after failure 1. An applicant for a written or practical test who fails that test may not apply for retesting until 30 days after the date the test was failed. However, in the case of a first failure, the applicant may apply for retesting before the 30 days have expired provided the applicant presents a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor who has given the applicant remedial instruction and finds the applicant competent to pass the test. (Reserved)

2. 69.021

Endorsement (Reserved)

69.022

Control Time Limitation, Duty Periods and Rest Periods (Reserved)

69.023

Student air traffic controller 1. Student air traffic controllers when implement on the job training shall be under supervision by OJT Instructor to ensure that not constitute a hazards to air navigation. DGCA not permit a student air traffic controller to receive instruction in an operational environment unless that student air traffic controller holds a current Class 3 Medical Assessment.

2.

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69.024

Temporary ATS Personnel Certificate (Reserved)

69.025

Safety Oversight Audits DGCA establish ATC Inspectors for the effective implementation and maintenance of the safety management system and safety oversight audits programme of air traffic services related to DGCA Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR), Advisory Circular (AC) and Staff Instruction (SI).

69.026

ATS Personnel Licensing and Ratings Examiner DGCA establish ATS Licence Examineer and ATC Check Controller for conduct examination for issuing / certification and renewal / validation of ATS licence and ratings if he meets the requirements of Staff Instruction (SI) part 69.

69.027

Navigational Equipment Technician 1. Each Navigational Equipment Technicians for operational and/or maintenance of flight navigation equipments and/or electricity of flight navigation supporting unit shall have a valid license; Any requirements and provisions for licensing based on point 1, refer to decision letter from the DGCA regarding to Sertifikasi Kecakapan Teknisi Elektronika Penerbangan dan Teknisi Listrik Penerbangan; For gaining a license, personnel must complete a training regarding to the speciality of subject. The provisions of training methode refer to decision letter from the DGCA.

2.

3.

Subpart 69.B
69.028 Age

Air Traffic Controller Licence

The applicant shall be not less than 21 years of age. 69.029 Knowledge The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the holder of an air traffic controller licence, in at least the following subjects: 1. Air law rules and regulations relevant to the air traffic controller. 2. Air traffic control equipment principles, use and limitations of equipment used in air traffic control.
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3.

General knowledge Principles of flight; principles of operation and functioning of aircraft, powerplants and systems; aircraft performance relevant to air traffic control operations

4.

Human performance Human performance including principles of threat and error management

5.

Meteorology Aeronautical meteorology: use and appreciation of meteorological documentation and information; origin and characteristic of weather phenomena, affecting flight operations and safety; altimetry.

6.

Navigation Principles of air navigation; principle, limitation and accuracy of navigation systems and visual aids.

7.

Operational procedures Air traffic control, communication, radio telephony and phraseology procedures (routine, non-routine and emergency); use of the relevant aeronautical documentation; safety practices associated with flight.

69.030

Experience The applicant shall have completed an approved training course and not less than three months of satisfactory service engaged in the actual control of air traffic under the supervision of an appropriately rated air traffic controller. The experience requirements specified for air traffic controller ratings in subpart 69.C may be credited as part of the experience specified in this part.

69.031

Medical fitness The applicant shall hold a current Class 3 Medical Assessment.

Subpart 69.C
69.032

Air Traffic Controller Ratings

Categories of air traffic controller ratings Directorate General of Civil Aviation of Indonesia has established ratings for air traffic controller with following categories: 1. Aerodrome control rating; 2. Approach control procedural rating;
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3. Approach control surveillance rating; 4. Area control procedural rating; 5. Area control surveillance rating. 69.033 Requirements for air traffic controller ratings 1. Knowledge The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted, in at least the following subjects in so far as they affect the area of responsibility: a. aerodrome control rating: 1) aerodrome layout; physical characteristics and visual aid; 2) airspace structure; 3) applicable rules, procedures and source of information; 4) air navigation facilities; 5) air traffic control equipment and its use; 6) terrain and prominent landmarks; 7) characteristic of air traffic; 8) weather phenomena; 9) emergency and search and rescue plans; b. approach control procedural and area control procedural ratings: 1) airspace structure; 2) applicable rules, procedures and sources of information; 3) air navigation facilities; 4) air traffic control equipment and its use; 5) terrain and prominent landmarks; 6) characteristic of air traffic and traffic flow; 7) weather phenomena;
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8) emergency and search and rescue plans. c. approach control surveillance and area control surveillance ratings: The applicant shall meet the requirements specified in (b) in so far as they affect the area of responsibility, and shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the privileges granted, in at least the following additional subjects: 1) principles use and limitations of applicable ATS surveillance systems and associated equipment; and 2) procedures for the provision of ATS surveillance service, as appropriate, including procedures to ensure appropriate terrain clearance. 2. Experience The applicant shall have: a. b. satisfactorily completed an approved training course; provided, satisfactorily, under the supervision of an appropriately rated air traffic controller: 1) aerodrome control rating: an aerodrome control service, for a period of not less than 90 hours or one month, whichever is greater, at the unit for which the rating is sought: approach control procedural, approach control surveillance, area control procedural or area control surveillance rating: the control service for which the rating is sought, for a period of not less than 180 hours or three months, whichever is greater, at the unit for which the rating is sought.

2)

c.

the experience specified in b. shall have been completed within the 6month period immediately preceding application; When the applicant already holds an air traffic controller rating in another category, or the same rating for another unit, the Licensing Authority shall determine whether the experience requirement of 2. can be reduced, and if so, to what extent.

d.

3.

Skill. The applicant shall have demonstrated, at a level appropriate to the privileges being granted, the skill, judgment and performance required to provide a safe, orderly and expeditious control service.

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4.

Concurrent issuance of two air traffic controller ratings. When two air traffic controller ratings are sought concurrently, the Licensing Authority shall determine the applicable requirements on the basis of the requirements for each rating. These requirements shall not be less than those of the more demanding rating.

69.034

Privileges of the holder of the air traffic controller rating(s) and the conditions to be observed in exercising such privileges. 1. Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 69.006, 69.007, 69.008, 69.012, the privileges of the holder of an air traffic controller licence endorsed with one or more of the undermentioned ratings shall be: a. aerodrome control rating: to provide or to supervise the provision of aerodrome control service for the aerodrome for which the licence holder is rated; approach control procedural rating: to provide or to supervise the provision of approach control service for the aerodrome or aerodromes for which the licence holder is rated, within the airspace or portion thereof, under the jurisdiction of the unit providing approach control; approach control surveillance rating: to provide and/or supervise the provision of approach control service with the use of applicable ATS surveillance systems for the aerodrome or aerodromes for which the licence holder is rated, within the airspace or portion thereof, under the jurisdiction of the unit providing approach control service; area control procedural rating: to provide and/or supervise the provision of area control service within the control area or portion thereof, for which the licence holder is rated; and area control surveillance rating: to provide and/or supervise the provision of area control service with the use of an ATS surveillance system, within the control area or portion thereof, for which the licence holder is rated.

b.

c.

d.

e.

2.

Before exercising the privileges indicated in 1, the licence holder shall be familiar with all pertinent and current information. DGCA having issued an air traffic controller licence shall not permit the holder thereof to carry out instruction in an operational environment unless such holder has received proper authorization from such contracting state. Validity of ratings A rating shall become invalid when an air traffic controller has creased to exercise the privileges of the rating for a period determine by the

3.

4.

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Licensing Authority. That period shall remain invalid until the controllers ability to exercise the privileges of the rating has been re-established.

Subpart 69.D
69.035

Aeronautical Station Operator Licence

General 1. This licence only used for person who provides air traffic services within High Frequency (HF) radio; This licence is not intended for personnel providing Aerodrome Flight Information Service (AFIS). Guidance on the qualifications to be met by these personnel can be found in AC 69-02, Aerodrome Flight Information Service (AFIS).

2.

69.036

Requirements for the issue of the licence 1. Before issuing an aeronautical station operator licence, a Contracting State shall require the applicant to meet the requirements of 69.038 Unlicensed individuals may operate as aeronautical station operators on the condition that the State from which they operate ensures that they meet the same requirements. The applicant shall be not less than 18 years of age. Knowledge, The applicant shall have demonstrated a level of knowledge appropriate to the holder of an aeronautical station operator, in at least the following subjects: a) General knowledge, air traffic services provided within the State; Operational procedures, radiotelephony phraseology; telecommunication network; procedures;

2. 3.

b)

c)

Rules and regulations, rules and regulations applicable to the aeronautical station operator; and Telecommunication equipment, principles, use and limitations of telecommunication equipment in an aeronautical station.

d)

4.

Experience, The applicant shall have: a) satisfactorily completed an approved training course within the 12-month period immediately preceding application, and have served satisfactorily under a qualified aeronautical station operator for not less than two months; or
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b)

satisfactorily served under a qualified aeronautical station operator for not less than six months during the 12-month period immediately preceding application.

5.

Skill, The applicant shall demonstrate, or have demonstrated, competency in: a) b) operating the telecommunication equipment in use; and transmitting and receiving radiotelephony messages with efficiency and accuracy.

69.037

Privileges of the aeronautical station operator and the conditions to be observed in exercising such privileges Subject to compliance with the requirements specified in 69.007 and 69.011, the privileges of the holder of an aeronautical station operator licence shall be to act as an operator in an aeronautical station. Before exercising the privileges of the licence, the holder shall be familiar with all pertinent and current information regarding the types of equipment and operating procedures used at that aeronautical station.

Subpart 69.E
69.038

Specifications for Personnel Licences

The following details of the Licence 1. 2. 3. 4. Name of State (in bold type); Title of licence (in very bold type); Serial number of the licence; Name of holder in full (in Roman alphabet also if script of national language is other than Roman); Date of birth Address of holder if desired by the State; Nationality of holder; Signature of holder; Authority and, where necessary, conditions under which the licence is issued;

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. Certification concerning validity and authorization for holder to exercise privileges appropriate to licence;
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11. Signature of officer issuing the licence and the date of such issue 12. Seal or stamp of authority issuing the licence; 13. Ratings, e.g. aerodrome control, etc 14. Remarks, i.e. special endorsements relating to limitations and endorsements for privileges, including from 5 March 2008 an endorsement of language proficiency, and other information required in pursuance to Article 39 of the Chicago Convention; 15. Any other details desired by the State issuing the licence. 69.039 Material First quality paper or other suitable material, including plastic cards, shall be used and the items mentioned in 69.038 shown clearly thereon. 69.040 Language When licences are issued a language other than English, the include an English translation of at least items 1, 2, 6, 9, 12, 13 include an English translation of the name of the State authorization, the limit of validity of the authorization and any limitation that may be established. 69.041 Arrangement of items Item headings on the licence shall be uniformly numbered in roman numerals as indicated in 69.038, so that on any licence the number will, under any arrangement, refer to the same item heading. licence shall and 14. shall issuing the restriction or

Subpart 69.F
69.042 General 1.

Medical Assessment for Air Traffic Controller

Class 3 Medical Assessment applies to applicants for, and holders of air traffic controller licences; The applicant for a Medical Assessment shall provide the medical examiner with a personally certified statement of medical facts concerning personal, familial and hereditary history. The applicant shall be made aware of the necessity for giving a statement that is as complete and accurate as the applicants knowledge permits, and any false statement shall be dealt with accordance with 69.007 The medical examiner shall report to the Licensing Authority any individual case where, in the examiners judgement, an applicants failure to meet
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2.

3.

any requirement, whether numerical or otherwise, is such that exercise of the privileges of the licence being applied for, or held, is not likely to jeopardize flight safety (69.007). 4. The requirements to be met for the renewal of a Medical Assessment are the same as those for the initial assessment except where otherwise specifically stated.

69.043

Requirements for Class 3 Medical Assessment 1. General An applicant for a Medical Assessment issued in accordance with the terms of 69.007 shall undergo a medical examination based on the following requirements: a. b. c. 2. physical and mental; visual and colour perception; and hearing.

Physical and mental requirements An applicant for any class of Medical Assessment shall be required to be free from: a. b. c. d. any abnormality, congenital or acquired; or any active, latent, acute or chronic disability; or any wound, injury or sequelae from operation; or any effect or side-effect of any prescribed or nonprescribed therapeutic, diagnostic or preventive medication taken;

such as would entail a degree of functional incapacity which is likely to interfere with the safe operation of an aircraft or with the safe performance of duties. Use of herbal medication and alternative treatment modalities requires particular attention to possible sideeffects. 3. Visual acuity test requirements a. The methods in use for the measurement of visual acuity are likely to lead to differing evaluations. To achieve uniformity, therefore, Contracting States shall ensure that equivalence in the methods of evaluation be obtained. The following should be adopted for tests of visual acuity:
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b.

1)

Visual acuity tests should be conducted in an environment with a level of illumination that corresponds to ordinary office illumination (30-60 cd/m2). Visual acuity should be measured by means of a series of Landolt rings or similar optotypes, placed at a distance from the applicant appropriate to the method of testing adopted.

2)

4.

Colour perception requirements a. Contracting States shall use such methods of examination as will guarantee reliable testing of colour perception. The applicant shall be required to demonstrate the ability to perceive readily those colours the perception of which is necessary for the safe performance of duties. The applicant shall be tested for the ability to correctly identify a series of pseudoisochromatic plates in daylight or in artificial light of the same colour temperature such as that provided by CIE standard illuminants C or D65 as specified by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). An applicant obtaining a satisfactory result as prescribed by the Licensing Authority shall be assessed as fit. An applicant failing to obtain a satisfactory result in such a test shall be assessed as unfit unless able to readily distinguish the colours used in air navigation and correctly identify aviation coloured lights. Applicants who fail to meet these criteria shall be assessed as unfit with the following restriction: valid daytime only. 1) Sunglasses worn during the exercise of the privileges of the licence or rating held should be non-polarizing and of a neutral grey tint.

b.

c.

d.

5.

Hearing test requirements a. Contracting States shall use such methods of examination as will guarantee reliable testing of hearing. Applicants shall be required to demonstrate a hearing performance sufficient for the safe exercise of their licence and rating privileges. Applicants for Class 3 Medical Assessments shall be tested by pure-tone audiometry at first issue of the Assessment, not less than once every four years up to the age of 40 years, and

b.

c.

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thereafter not less than once every two years. Alternatively, other methods providing equivalent results may be used. d. At medical examinations, other than those mentioned in c), d) and e), where audiometry is not performed, applicants shall be tested in a quiet room by whispered and spoken voice tests.

Subpart 69.G
69.044

Training and Proficiency Requirements

General 1. ICAO has devoted much time to the study of practices adopted in the training of technical personnel employed in civil aviation. Detailed information in respect of air traffic services (ATS) training is provided in ICAO Doc 7192, Training Manual, Part A-l General considerations and Part D-2 - Air traffic controller. Formal training of ATS personnel is usually carried out in an aviation training school established by the State or in a regional training centre established by ICAO. Advantages of a centralized establishment, where training courses are provided in a number of disciplines, is that much of the technical training space and many training aids can be more fully utilized by judicious course scheduling and specialist instructors can be used to greater advantage by time sharing, e.g. meteorological (MET) instructors can lecture to ATS, ATS can lecture to aeronautical information service (AIS) and search and rescue (SAR), and communications (COM) can lecture to all schools. The ATS curriculum should include the following: a. basic training; b. advanced training; c. refresher training; d. specialized training (radar, computer, management). 3. It is desirable that the syllabus used for training controllers be identical for civil and military personnel; the use of a common training school is also desirable. A training school can also serve as an evaluation unit for development of ATS working methods, airspace organization, route structures and equipment.

2.

4.

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69.045

Formal Training 1. A curriculum for initial training of air traffic control (ATC) personnel may consist of the following: Unit Curriculum Training Period (approximate number of weeks) 16 24

Formal training school ATC unit (tower / approach / area control Specialized training school

ATC unit Additional training school Assigned ATS unit

Basic controller training Familiarization and initial on the job training Control tower and approach control training Area control training On the job training Air traffic control system training Further on the job training for local rating

16

12 12 Max 24

2.

Synthetic training devices, mock ups and, where necessary, radar simulators for aerodrome control, approach control (APP) and area control centre (ACC), are useful training aids. Their use makes it possible to render training more realistic and reduces onthe-job training time.

69.046

On-The-Job Training 1. On-the-job training is aimed at permitting the new employee to integrate his basic knowledge with actual practice. It should concentrate on specific local conditions and offer opportunities to perform the functions of each operating or duty position under actual conditions and with adequate supervision. Training of individuals should be a continuing process. Wherever possible, supervisors of shifts should arrange the duties of their personnel in such a manner as to enable a maximum amount of on-the-job training to be accomplished. It is desirable that as soon as an individual has obtained a rating for one position, training for the next higher grade should begin. By this means, a supply of adequately rated staff to fill vacancies at all controller positions can best be assured.

2.

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3.

On-the-job training is arranged by attaching the individual concerned, whether a basic trainee or otherwise, as a supernumerary to the operating position for which he will later be rated. He is then trained by the assigned occupant of that position, or by attachment to a training officer especially appointed for this purpose. Training is continued until the trainee has reached the standard necessary for the issue of the licence and appropriate rating. The training officer should certify the competence of the trainee before the licensing authority issues the licence and rating. The level of competence expected is that where the trainee will be able to operate without supervision. Personnel who are transferred to units (other than to ACCs handling important traffic demands) are normally considered to have acquired the necessary ability to perform their duties after a minimum time of familiarization. Their need for on-the-job-training may therefore be significantly less than that required by staff assigned to a major ATC unit.

4.

69.047

Proficiency Training 1. It is the responsibility of the unit chief controller to establish and maintain unit proficiency standards. Guidelines specifying the required level of knowledge both theoretical and practical should be formulated by the ATS authority. Guidelines for proficiency training assessment and evaluation are provided in Appendix A. All operational personnel at a unit should be required to periodically demonstrate that their on-the-job performance meets the required proficiency standards. At larger units, ATS personnel specially trained in on-the-job supervision and personnel training and assessment (evaluation officers), should be employed to carry out this task for a unit. Evaluation officers should prepare proficiency check rosters so that all staff are screened on a regular basis. Operating personnel should be given advanced notice of a proficiency check so that adequate preparation, mentally and functionally, can be made. At smaller units, the unit chief controller or his deputy should personally perform these duties. Where arrangements are less formal, by virtue of the size of the unit and number of staff, it should nevertheless be ensured that proficiency checks are complete and thorough. Should it be found in the course of a performance check that a controller is assessed as unsatisfactory, his rating should be suspended and an appropriate refresher and re-rating course arranged for him. Under no circumstances should any person assessed as unsatisfactory be permitted to continue on the job
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2.

3.

4.

5.

without supervision. If, after a reasonable period, a person is unable to pass the proficiency check, all details pertaining to the unsatisfactory assessments should be assembled and sent to the administering authority. 6. Unit chief controllers and evaluation officers should, at all times, be alert for signs of stress in a staff member and should not hesitate to provide relief. At this stage, an informal discussion by a supervisor with an employee can often avoid a progressive loss of confidence and ultimate loss of proficiency. It may also enhance safety of the operation of the unit concerned.

69.048

Management Training 1. Management and other advanced training for ATS personnel are part of a continuing training system designed to prepare suitable personnel for higher level appointment. It is unrealistic to expect that an individual controller who, by the nature of his job, is not exposed to management, organizational or administrative duties, will be able to assume these responsibilities successfully without adequate specialized training. Previous knowledge requirements and suggested target groups for advanced and management training are as shown in Table: No 1. Previous Knowledge Target Group Requirements Periodic ATS Practical experience Practising refresher training in ATS for up to five controllers who course years are on duty in ATS system Operational Advanced Controllers due management knowledge in ATS for promotion course Potential Supervisory Extensive for course experience in a wide candidates range of ATC supervisory positions function Specialist course Known experience Controllers to and inclination intended towards the special assume special function in ATS field in question Management Practical experience Unit chiefs and chiefs, course in directing on ATC deputy teachers, etc unit or in training Type of course

2.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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69.049

Familiarization Flights 1. The objective of familiarization flights is to provide an opportunity for controllers, supervisors and ATS management personnel to observe, at first hand, the working environment of pilots of large commercial aircraft and the methods and procedures used in the departure, en-route and arrival phase, including navigation techniques used. Familiarization flights also provide the opportunity to listen to air-ground communications and to assess how they affect a pilots workload as well as the opportunity to monitor how well ATS units are performing. Subject to economic and staffing considerations and agreement by operators concerned, ATS authorities should make arrangements for controllers to undertake familiarization flights aboard both scheduled and nonscheduled commercial aircraft. As these flights require entry into the cockpit of the aircraft, permission to do so should be obtained from the operator concerned prior to the flight. Where familiarization flights are considered an operational requirement, they should be carried out in duty hours and taken as part of on-the-job training. Their frequency should be dictated by operational considerations. For administrative purposes flights should include operations both during day and night; however, such flights should be completed normally within one day. A written report should be submitted on the completion of a familiarization flight. A familiarization flight programme for ATC operating personnel may be as follows: a. aerodrome controller or approach controller Familiarization with the geographical features, significant points of his area of responsibility and standard instrument approaches to the aerodrome located in the area of responsibility. Liaison visits to neighbouring aerodromes; area controller - Flight on a controlled ATS route in the area for which his ACC is providing service; familiarization with geographical features and significant points. Liaison visits to important aerodromes located in this area of responsibilities.

2.

3.

4.

b.

5.

A familiarization flight programme for supervisory personnel may be as follows: a. directors of air traffic control - Flight along ATS routes or areas where special requirements exist or may exist;

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b.

headquarters chiefs and supervisors; ATC instructors at a training school - Flight along ATS routes or in areas where special requirements exist; regional senior supervisors, training and evaluation specialists Flight along at least one main domestic ATS route of operational concern to the FIR should be made every 12 months. In addition a flight should be made on any ATS route on which a major change occurs in the route structure, including a flight on the flight deck of any new type of aircraft introduced on that route.

c.

60.050

ATC Simulators Training 1. A person who hold an air traffic controller licence and ratings shall current ATC simulators Training before provided practical test of ratings; ATC Simulators Training for person who hold an air traffic controller licence and ratings shall conduct or covered by ATS provider one a year and checked by ATC Inspector or ATC Check Controller.

2.

69.051

Other ATC training requirements 1. ATS refresher training course; 2. ATC Automation course; 3. Aviation Enforcement course; 4. Team Resources Management course; 5. Safety Audit of Air Traffic Services training; 6. Human Factor in ATS course; 7. Air Traffic Services Resources Management Training; 8. On The Job (OJT) Instructor; 9. General Instructor Course; 10. ATS Safety Management and Investigation Course; 11. ATS Training Evaluation Training; 12. CNS/ATM course; 13. Windshear course; 14. ICAO Language Proficiency Training; 15. Approach control surveillance; 16. Area control surveillance; 17. ATS Operational management course; 18. Supervisory course; 19. Safety Management System Training; 20. Safety Oversight Manager Course; 21. ICAO PANS OPS Training; 22. Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation; 23. ATC Check Controller Course; 24. ATS Safety Officer Course; 25. ATC Simulator Evaluation Training; 26. RVSM Operations Course; 27. ADS-C/CPDLC course; 28. ADS-B course;
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APPENDIX A GUIDLINES USED FOR PROFICIENCY TRAINING ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION 69xA.1 a. INTRODUCTION To determine whether a controller has achieved the required level of competence at the operating position for which the rating is being sought, assessments are made prior to the rating assessment or prior to the validation examination. To determine whether a controller is maintaining the required level of competence at the operating position for which a rating is held, an assessment should be made at specified intervals for each operating position. These routine assessments should be conducted on an on-going basis during duty assignment. In addition, special assessments may be carried out on such other occasions and for such other periods as may be decided by a unit chief, or by regional or headquarters direction. SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT Personnel are assessed in key elements of the performance areas detailed on an assessment form and in accordance with an assessment guide. An assessment should be made of both the quality of work and the level of knowledge of the elements assessed. The person conducting the assessment should record the assessment on an appropriate form, together with relevant remarks and any discrepancies noted. Assessments should be retained on the controllers unit training record. Proficiency Checks and Routine Assessments General Principles 1). Proficiency checks are part of the process of assessing efficiency of personnel and should be conducted progressively throughout the year. The assessment system should not be directed at fault finding, but should be an objective and constructive means through which individual controllers are encouraged and led towards higher personal achievement. For each controller, a proficiency assessment record should be maintained and each record should record the objective and impartial judgement of an individuals ability based on regular checks and continuous observation. The acceptance of proficiency checks as a process of personnel assessment and development is determined to a large degree by the
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b.

69xA.2 a.

b.

c.

69xA.3 a.

2).

3).

4).

objectivity, honesty and integrity with which the checks are administered and the degree of participation and protection afforded the individual controller. Counselling is an important feature in controller development and therefore controllers undergoing the assessment should be made aware, by formal and informal counselling, of the assessments and remarks made by the assessing officer on the proficiency assessment record. Strengths as well as weaknesses should be discussed with the controller. b. System Operation 1). Should a controller perform his duties in a manner which causes doubt as to the acceptable standard of his performance, an assessment may be made at any time irrespective of the period of time that has elapsed since the completion of the last preceding assessment. This assessment should require the controller to demonstrate an acceptable standard of performance and knowledge in each of the key elements in his performance which are being checked. When corrective training is indicated, the assessing officer should record on the assessment record whether the controller is competent to continue performing operational duties while he is under training. Should the assessing officer consider that the controller being assessed is not competent, the unit chief controller should be notified immediately. An oral examination conducted by the assessing officer may be used to determine the level of knowledge in the key aspects of the rating which is being assessed. The oral examination should be conducted separately from the practical assessment.

2).

3).

69.xA.4

Check / Assessment Guide

The following points should be considered when assessing the individual performance of a controller: a. aerodrome/approach/area procedures: 1). 2). knowledge of separation standards and their application; recognition of aircraft capabilities, i.e. differences in speed, climb, descent, altitude requirements, take off/landing requirement, engine failure performance, and other differences of performance; awareness and analysis of traffic situations; planning, sequencing and expedition of the traffic flow; adjusting traffic to changing conditions in case of radar failure, radio aid failure, changes in flight rules, aerodrome closures and diversions;

3). 4). 5).

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6).

7). 8). 9).

use of local procedures such as selection of runways, noise abatement procedures, departure and instrument approach procedures; co-ordination with other sectors/units, including methods of transfers and updating of information; utilization of radar; composition of clearance in respect of contents, clarity, conciseness and expedition.

b.

Flight information procedures: 1). 2). 3). receipt, recording and checking of flight plans; issuance of essential flight information including meteorological information and information on collision hazards; passing of clearances and flight information to aircraft, including their correctness, identification of originators and, where necessary, time limitations; recognition of aircraft capabilities; knowledge of local procedures; co-ordination procedures with other ATS units.

4). 5). 6). c.

Radar procedures: 1). methods of identification of targets including those used in case of misidentification, re-identification after fade area, blind velocity and merging of targets; adherence to prescribed separation standards; recognition of aircraft capabilities; composition of clearances when using radar; radar control -of arriving traffic, its sequencing, vectoring and provision of adequate terrain clearance; radar control of departing traffic including radar releases and traffic expedition; radar control of overflying traffic including vectoring; methods of transfer of radar control including instructions to aircraft, transfer of control to final radar controller and transfer of control to aerodrome control; provision of radar position information to aircraft; provision of radar-derived navigation assistance to aircraft; provision of radar-derived traffic information including the use of such information, its necessity and need for unambiguity; provision of radar-derived assistance to aircraft in emergency; co-ordination with other sectors/units.

2). 3). 4). 5). 6). 7). 8).

9). 10). 11). 12). 13). d.

Radar Approach / Area: 1). conduct of surveillance radar approaches / areas, their accuracy and positioning, their sequencing and issue of advice on minimum altitudes;

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2).

conduct of precision radar approaches, their accuracy and positioning on prescribed glide path, coordination with tower and radiotelephony (RTF).

e.

Radar equipment: 1). equipment operation and alignment including setting up and check procedures, level of brilliance, video map, range rings, and checking accuracy of map; recognition of types of interference including those caused by terrain and weather, blind velocity, tangential velocity, etc.; recognition of fade areas and application of possible counter measures.

2). 3).

f.

Radio and telephone: 1). use of correct procedures and phraseology, knowledge of coverage limitations, call signs, abbreviated procedures, phraseologies, unnecessary repetitions, and use of correct position identifier; clarity, modulation, speed, diction and evenness of voice communications; promptness of response, confidence and avoidance of uncertainties; adequacy of monitoring of air-ground communication channels; courtesy, attitude, and co-operativeness in telephone communications.

2). 3). 4). 5).

g.

Data display: 1). 2). 3). posting and updating of flight data and other relevant information; acceptance and use of meteorological reports; dissemination of meteorological reports to aircraft.

h.

Loss of communication and alerting service procedures: 1). 2). 3). 4). 5). 6). recognition and response to loss of communication situation and promptness of action; response to likely emergency situations; use of correct emergency procedures - type of emergency, appropriateness of procedures; declaration of alerting phases and co-operation with SAR services; action in performance of local operating procedures; response to cases of unlawful interference with aircraft.

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APPENDIX B REQUIREMENTS FOR PROFICIENCY IN LANGUAGE USED FOR RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION (Subpart A, 69.012, refers) 69xB.I General 1) The ICAO language proficiency requirements include the holistic descriptors and the ICAO Operational Level (Level 4) of the ICAO Language Proficiency Rating Scale in Attachment A. The language proficiency requirements are applicable to the use of both phraseologies and plain language; To meet the language proficiency requirements contained in Subpart 69.A, 69.011, an applicant for a licence or a licence holder shall demonstrate, in a manner acceptable to the licensing authority, compliance with the holistic descriptors and with the ICAO Operational Level (Level 4) of the ICAO Language Proficiency Rating Scale in Attachment A.

2)

69xB.II

Holistic descriptors 1) Proficient speakers shall: a) communicate effectively in voice-only (telephone/radiotelephone) and in face-to-face situations; communicate on common, concrete and work-related topics with accuracy and clarity; use appropriate communicative strategies to exchange messages and to recognize and resolve misunderstandings (e.g. to check, confirm, or clarify information) in a general or work-related context; handle successfully and with relative ease the linguistic challenges presented by a complication or unexpected turn of events that occurs within the context of a routine work situation or communicative task with which they are otherwise familiar; and use a dialect or accent which is intelligible to the aeronautical community.

b)

c)

d)

e)

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