Department of Computer Science & Engineering University Institute of Engineering and Technology C. S. J. M.

University, Kanpur

FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT FORB. TECH. (CSE)

1.

ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS: The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound should be as follows:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Cover Page & Title Page Bonafide Certificate Abstract Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature Chapters Appendices References

The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places. 2. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS: The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The project report should be hard bounded. The text for printing should be identical. 3. 3.1 PREPARATION FORMAT: Cover Page & Title Page A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the project report are given in Appendix 1. Bonafide Certificate The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14, as per the format in Appendix 2. The certificate shall carry the supervisors signature and shall be followed by the supervisors name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative nature), department and full address of the institution where the supervisor has guided the student. The term SUPERVISOR must be typed in capital letters between the supervisors name and academic designation.

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3.3

Abstract Abstract should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14. Table of Contents The table of contents should list all material following it as well as any material which precedes it. The title page and Bonafide Certificate will not find a place among the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower case Roman letters. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. A specimen copy of the Table of Contents of the project report is given in Appendix 3. List of Tables The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. List of Figures The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below the figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature One and a half spacing should be adopted or typing the matter under this head. Standard symbols, abbreviations etc. should be used. Chapters The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) Introductory chapter, (ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the project work (iii) and Conclusion. The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further divided into several divisions and sub-divisions. Each chapter should be given an appropriate title. Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of the reference where they are cited. Footnotes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and placed directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material they annotate.

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

Appendices Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme. Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc. Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters. Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be made in the contents page also.

3.10

List of References The listing of references should be typed 4 spaces below the heading REFERENCES in alphabetical order in single spacing left justified. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. The name of the author/authors should be immediately followed by the year and other details. A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example quoted above.

REFERENCES Ariponnammal, S. and Natarajan, S. (1994) Transport Phonomena of SmSel X Asx, Pramana Journal of Physics Vol.42, No.1, pp.421-425. Barnard, R.W. and Kellogg, C. (1980) Applications of Convolution Operators to Problems in Univalent Function Theory, Michigan Mach, J., Vol.27, pp.8194. Shin, K.G. and Mckay, N.D. (1984) Open Loop Minimum Time Control of Mechanical Manipulations and its Applications, Proc.Amer.Contr.Conf., San Diego, CA, pp. 1231-1236.

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3.10.1 Table and figures - By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the body of the project report as well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal materials used in the body of the project work and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as figures.

4.

TYPING INSTRUCTIONS: The impression on the typed copies should be black in color. One and a half spacing should be used for typing the general text. The general text shall be typed in the Font style Times NewRoman and Font size 12.

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APPENDIX 1

TITLE OF PROJECT REPORT

<Font Size 18><1.5 line spacing>

A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by

NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S)

<Font Size 16>

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

University Institute of Engineering and Technology C. S. J. M. University, Kanpur

MAY 2012

APPENDIX 2 (A typical specimen of Bonafide Certificate) <Font Style Times New Roman>

University Institute of Engineering and Technology C. S. J. M. University, Kanpur

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
<Font Style Times New Roman size -16> <Font Style Times New Roman size -14>

Certified that this project report .TITLE OF THE PROJECT.. is the bonafide work of ..NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S). who carried out the project work under my supervision.

<<Signature of the Supervisor>> SIGNATURE <<Name>> SUPERVISOR <<Academic Designation>> <<Department>> <<Full address of the Dept& College >>

ABSTRACT
An abstract is a summary of the thesis, report, or dissertation to inform prospective readers about its contents. As a brief summary of the candidate's principal research findings, the abstract should state the problem being investigated and outline the method of investigation, the results obtained, and the conclusions reached. In writing the abstract, candidates should keep in mind that it functions chiefly as a guide to students and scholars surveying research in their field. As such, it should provide a concise guide to the entire study it represents. The abstract should not include internal headings or parenthetical citations of items listed in the bibliography/list of references. Figures and tables should not appear in the abstract.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.3 Scope and Objectives .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4 DocuABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................6 TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................7 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1 Problem ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Background ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. ment Overview .......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 2 Literature Review .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 Second Level Heading ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1.1 Third Level Heading ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 3 Methodology and Implementation ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1 Methodology ....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2 Implementation ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 4 Results ........................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Chapter 5 Conclusions and Future Work ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1 Conclusions ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2 Future Work ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. REFERENCES ............................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix A Users Manual ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. A.1 Overview ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. A.1.1 First Topic .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. A.1.2 Second Topic ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix B Code of the Program .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. B.1 General Styles..................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. B.1.1 Thesis section ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. B.2 Chapter Heading styles ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. B.2.1 Thesis Chapter ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. B.2.2 Thesis header 2 ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. B.2.3 Thesis header 3 ........................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 E-commerce 8 2.3 Online Auction 9 2.3.1 The definition of Online Auction 9 2.3.2 Online Bidding 11 2.3.3 Benefit of Online Auction 12 2.3.4 Auction Processes 13 2.4 Geographical information System (GIS) 13 2.4.1 Google Maps API 14 2.5 Requirement in Developing Auction System 15 2.5.1 Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) 15 2.5.2 MySQL 15 2.5.3 Apache web server 16 2.6 Existing Online Auction Site 16 2.6.1 e-Bay 16 CHAPTER-2 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter covers all the literature that has been read and used as references throughout the overall research project. It explains several important terms and approaches being used in developing an auction information system. Relevant researches and journals have been included and used for this research. The purposes are to help researcher to obtain several descriptions regarding this research and also as support materials that is compulsory for this research. 2.1 Introduction 2.1 Introduction Electronic marketplaces on the world-wide-web (WWW) are growing rapidly and provide a large and growing source of consumers, with an estimated 544 million Internet users in 2002 . Businesses are strongly evaluating and flocking to electronic marketplaces as a new or alternate channel for selling goods and providing services (Geyskens et al. 2002; Hitt & Frei 2002; Kazumori 2003; Wolf 2002). Online auctions in particular are growing in popularity with an estimated 8.5 billion in profit generated in 2001 and continued growth projected (Stafford & Stem 2002) with over $15 billion in sales from consumer to consumer auctions estimated in 2004 (Strader & Ramaswami 2002). Lucking-Reiley (2000) documented the presence of 142 online auction sites in 2000, many of which are no longer in operation. Online auctions provide sellers with the potential for finding new markets and also represent a cost-efifective means for businesses to sell-off aging inventory (Bapna et al. 2003).
COPYRIGHT UiTM

The purpose of this research is to give advantages for botii company and their

customer by using this online auction prototype developed by researcher in order to save their time and energy. Traditional auctions, however, have several limitations. These auctions have time and place constraints which limit the participation level of the bidders. Electronic auctions overcome these limitations of traditional auctions, and the Internet provides an infi^structure for conducting these auctions in a cost-effective manner with many more participants (Klein, 1997; Shaw, 1999; Turban, 1997).

2.2 E-commerce
Global access to the Internet gives organizations imprecedented market and process information. According to the Web has a huge impact on how firms interact with their suppliers, customers, employees, and investors. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is the application of information and communication technology anywhere along the entire supply chain of business processes. E-commerce exchange of business information that allows firms to improve their processes that give competitive advantage by cutting costs, improving quality, and increasing the speed of service delivery . E commerce involves any business transaction executed electronically between parties such as companies (business-to-business), companies and consumers (business-to-consumer), consumers and other consumers (consumer-to consumer), business and public sector, and consumers and the public sector (Stair, Reynolds, 2003). People may assume that ecommerce is reserved mainly for consumers visiting Web sites for on-line shopping. Web shopping, however, is only a small part of the e-commerce picture; the major volume of ecommerce and its fastest growing segment is business-to-business transactions that make purchasing easier for corporations. This growth is being simulated by increased Internet access, user confidence, better payment systems and rapidly improving Internet access and Web security. E-commerce offers opportunities for small businesses by enabling them to market and sell at a low cost worldwide, thus offering them an opportunity to enter the global market right start-up. One area of e-commerce that has exploded in sales and customer interest is online auction. 2 Online Auction With the advance of science and technology, many human procedures have been replaced by electronic ones among which is electronic auction or known as online auction. 2.1 The definition of Online Auction Auctions can be seen as a mechanism that is precisely defined by sets of rules that govern bidding, quoting, and clearing. These activities will have natural components in the software system, and the choices made in the architecture of the auction system will affect its scalability, temporal integrity, and overall complexity. an online auction is an Internet-based version of a traditional auction - the type where a fast-talking auctioneer stands in the fi-ont of the room, trying to coax potential buyers into bidding just a little bit more for the piece of merchandise up for bid. The only difference is, there's no fast-talking auctioneer online (the bidding process is executed by special auction software on the auction site), and the fellow bidders aren't in the same room - in fact, they might be located anywhere in the world, as long as they have Internet access.

Although the term auctions tends to bring to mind the classic situation with a seller offering a single item to the highest bidder, like eBay or the stereotypical face-to-face auction, the accepted definition of the term in economics includes a wide variety of negotiation mechanisms. The English auction, procurement auctions, and stock markets are members of a large class of negotiation mechanisms that can rightly be called auctions, and can be precisely defined by their rules . It is useful to collect the rules into three related sets: rules that govern the admission of bids, rules that govern the information revealed by the auction, and rules that govern how the auction computes trades.

23.2 Online Bidding Online auctions also can be defined as open-bid, single-item, last-price with seller reserve . Bidders who want to assure that they receive the lowest price without revealing the "highest" price they are willing to pay can program into their bids a threshold up to which their bids will be increased as new bidders' surface. Most items offered by sellers online are in singleitem lots, although there are exceptions. Bidding on any particular item proceeds until time has expired on that item, at which time the highest, last bidder is obligated to purchase the item for the amount specified. While sellers at online auctions may or may not specify a "reserve", an amount under which sellers would not be obligated to sell, the vast majority do. Reserve prices may be manifested in one of two ways: i. Open bidding at zero with the seller maintaining a hidden reserve price; or ii. Open bidding at a price preordained by the seller. The existence of reserve prices may attract more competing merchandise into auction since reserve prices attract risk-averse sellers. Thus, the effect of reserve pricing may be to lower the average price ultimately paid by bidders at seller reserve auctions, while increasing the average size of opening bids. This concept of reserve prices is contradicted by Vincent (1995), who argued that reserve prices should have the effect of increasing bidder participation at higher bid levels since the reserve would have the effect of eliminating.